Month: May 2014

Dong flute is unique breathe the Dong Ming instruments. Dong said the referral of each language , Francis Adams . Also known each flute , Kusabue . Popular in Guizhou Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Rongjiang from the river, Liping , Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , the vast region of Hunan and Guizhou channel Dong Autonomous County , Guangxi , Hunan and neighbor    ing provinces .

1 Introduction

Dong flute , is the Dong Ming breathe unique folk instruments. Dong said the referral of each language , Francis Adams . Also known each flute , Kusabue . Popular in Guizhou Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Rongjiang from the river, Liping , Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , the vast region of Hunan and Guizhou channel Dong Autonomous County , Guangxi , Hunan and neighboring provinces .
Dong Xiao flute shape and similar reed mouthpiece fitted , vertical blowing melodious sounds elegant , lyrical melody can express the mood , but also play the warm jubilant melodies. Rich wild flavor, used to sing solo or accompaniment . Guizhou, Guangxi and popular residential area at the junction of the Dong , Liping in Guizhou Province , Rongjiang , Congjiang most prevalent .

2 Origins

Origin story
Origin of Dong flute , in addition to the Dong ancient song are: ” horizon gold rich man flute “, but in the Dong verse narrative poem, ” the ancestors River ” also contains : the “Miao Mother ( girls name ) will not dress up , silverside ( men’s names ) will not play, do not marry old home , the girls will not marry her husband ” era, ” Kim rolled Lusheng , gold flute …… firing , the girl heard a siren singing along …… . ” this is the folklore and legends about Dong flute flute songs . In Guizhou , Guangxi and Hunan provinces majority of the Dong areas , mountainous呈秀, streams intricate , in this beautiful, picturesque natural environment inhabited by industrious and brave , talented Dong people . Dongs is a singing and dancing , arts and culture has a long history , rich , known as ” music town” Fitch said . In Dong , Dong whistle will blow almost everyone , all of them can be made ​​Dong flute . Every night, it will fly from the Drum Tower eaves upload a flute accompaniment Night Song Dong , or float the beautiful sounds of the flute and the waves of love songs from the Village side .
Play
Flute is one of the Dong Dong young men and women in love or social activities favorite wind instrument, it Kiba , as used to the accompaniment of songs , Kiba is usually playing in the field during the day , at night and Dong flute playing is more to accompaniment tunes smooth, rhythmic freedom songs solo – song of the Night . When Dong Jia epigenetic ” will be girls “, often walking to blow , the girls can be different from that tone , melodious sounds of the flute , and to identify their sweethearts . Dong Autonomous County in the channel , as well as ” sister love singing Lang piper ” love process, which is accompanied by a kind of flute Dong ” song with the flute” song. Dong experts flute playing here , you can block the side of the nose , and playing with the other side of the nose , although weak light pronounce , but who can while playing the flute while singing love songs, witty chic boast formed from singing , to love life more the exotic colors . In addition , Dong elderly , but also with Dong narrative song or wine flute song accompaniment. Lianglao famous folk artists have opened Huhan Wen , Shi Guoxing , etc.

3 structural features

Dong traditional flute , bamboo tube body produce more water , but also useful for black bamboo , gold or yellow string and wind Withered produced , length, thickness specifications uncertain , generally tube length 30 cm to 40 cm , diameter 1.3 cm to 1.5 cm . Apart from blowing sloping upper estuary , and stay bamboo flute plug or plug in the lower end of exposure , according to the body to open six sound hole , near the upper end of the mouthpiece , has opened a post hole filled with bamboo (Figure ) . Production, usually in August cut bamboo , bamboo choose a longer distance and more uniform thickness , with the approval dried or evaporated , with its thick end of the mouthpiece , the first in the upper 5 cm away from the body to open at a square post -hole ( also called hole or audio pronunciation window ) , hole 1 cm long , 0.8 cm wide . Then post hole wall above a split bamboo skin repair cut off 3 / 4 , 0.15 cm deep Be , groove width 0.8 cm rectangular bamboo groove sides of the booster with bamboo grass , bamboo covered with a pieces and wrapped with bamboo strips or wires fixed to form an air intake channel . Thin bamboo whistle hole as a sub- valve , but also through bamboo strips fixed on the lower half whistle hole , making whistle whistle . In the pipe body below the post hole , the vertical opening by six circular sound hole , the distance between the lower end of the first nozzle hole , and is completely equal to the circumference of the lower end of the spout , the post hole to the first hole of 1/ 2 opened at the sixth hole , between the first hole to the sixth hole opened by the sound hole four , six equally spaced by the sound hole .

4 production methods

Dong flute when making general use in August cut Withered yellow or black bamboo , bamboo requires optional long distance and thickness uniformity, dried or evaporated by after opening at one end sloping thick mouthpiece mouthpiece 5 cm away a square post of the open hole wall to break open the top of the hole , 1 mm depth are formed , the width of the rectangular groove is about 5 mm . Bad sides of bamboo mat bamboo, bamboo shelters with Zhumie fixed form inlet . Produced using thin bamboo reed with Zhumie whistle hole in the bottom half of the fixed form flute whistle . Whistle sound hole opened in the hole in the tube below the body , from the sixth hole to spout to spout the lower perimeter of the open hole in the first 1/ 2 hole to the sixth hole of the whistle , the second to fifth four holes equally spaced , the fifth hole from the fourth hole close, range up to two octaves . Same with this shape there瓦格洛, Miao sister flute , clarinet , etc. Wa of Tajikistan .

5 ways of playing

When playing the flute body vertical position, left index finger , middle finger, ring finger by a three-hole , right index finger , middle finger, ring finger pressing the three-hole , mouthpiece mouthpiece , the use of circular breathing method will flow evenly into the airway, direct impulse the lower half of the bamboo whistle hole , the inner tube of the air column vibration excitation and emitted through the finger holes have another level of sound . Dong folk flute , because different specifications, the tone is also different , more commonly used in F ( range c1-f2), bE tune ( range ? Bb-be2)) and D tune ( range a-d2) three kinds . Dong flute tone soft , bright, ranged between flute and Xiao , bright but not flashy , sweet without depression, and is rich in wild flavor. Playing often refers to the use of a unique vibrato and portamento skills. Commonly used in solo, ensemble or accompaniment. However, due to a narrow range , the volume is small, generally only suitable for the simple vocal accompaniment and solo playing . Liping county in southern Southeast and Northern Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County , Dong flute accompaniment is mainly used to “Little Song” ( flute song ) . Where a song dedicated to this musical accompaniment , are called flute song , sung mostly male blow -outs in the form of women singing , beautiful and moving melody . Dong Autonomous County in southwestern Hunan channel , Dong Lusheng flute also participated octave string and wind instruments such as the composition of the small folk orchestra . It is worth mentioning that, in the 1960s , Dong flute has been used for the opera ” Third Sister Liu” music , and also as the main instrument of the band , so that the opera is rich in ethnic style , it has also become a leader in the Dong instrument .

6 pairs of tubes Dong flute

Double-barreled flute Dong
Double-barreled flute Dong , Dong Ming breathe new varieties of musical instruments . Has been used in professional performing arts groups . In 1977, the South China Sea Fleet of the Political Department of Guangzhou Lingnan Backstage had Duke and Thunder Band Factory constitution, joint research reform Dong flute , flute making successful twin-tube Dong . It is the basis of traditional folk flute Dong , the tube body by the same two tone flute reform Dong banding together side by side , the left is in charge , the right supplement tubes, each tube are located by the sound hole , auxiliary pipes on three to six hole containing keys, key child does not like time was closed . This double-barreled Dong flute , bamboo flute draws clarinet pronunciation and general structure, Dong flute flute sound hole plug arranged by location and made ​​appropriate adjustments to the airway inlet is also a small outside large mouthpiece , accelerate the flow of air injection rate , bamboo reed will post holes to pieces , thus significantly increasing the volume , so that range expanded to two and a half octaves , sound is also more distinctive than before .
Playing monophonic
When playing the tone , you can just blow in charge . Dual Tone will have while playing mouth-blown double-barreled , best at playing three degrees, four degrees two-tone , but also play five degrees , two degrees two-tone , and can play a small six degrees and seven degrees two-tone . Commonly used to reconcile the D tune in F , G tune , C flute double-barreled Dong , D Dong flute tune dual range a1-e4. The tone , it not only maintains the traditional characteristics of Dong flute and bass rich, full, like Bau tone ; Alto area mellow , soft, similar in tone with Xiao ; treble bright, slender, like bangdi of timbre . Dong dual flute playing skills extremely rich, while playing monophonic ordinary bamboo flute like, you can play legato , single spit , double spit , spit three flower tongue, portamento , playing sound , vibrato and arpeggios and other skills. When playing two-tone , can be more free to twice the performance of the Ministry of bamboo flute while a variety of techniques. For solo, ensemble or accompaniment. When solo , you can also play polyphonic melody. It can play the broad, lyrical melody , but also strong playing skills cadenza , is quite rich expressive solo instrument . In the ensemble , which has a distinct personality , there are other instruments of integration in common, due to the double-barreled flute Dong penetration is strong, can not easily be used in the band overwhelmed the other instruments , but also with a variety of financial orchestral sound for one, has a better adaptability.

7 Dong flute reform

Breathe the Dong Ming instruments
Breathe the Dong Ming instruments. Popular in Guizhou Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture of Liping County , Nanning, the capital city of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region . Since the 1970s , Dong folk artists , musicians and musical instruments manufacturing workers , continued to traditional folk flute Dong reform . Guizhou Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in Liping County outlet area folk artists , the famous singer Dan Guoxing and Dong , Dong first flute produced a reform , the mouthpiece to his body post holes for some pipe from the original break open the bamboo skin , repair the ditch was cut slots , padded sides to make bamboo air intake tract , to not break open the bamboo skin , directly affixed to the tube body made ​​of bamboo , bamboo skin resolved after breaking open the remaining 1 /4 wall easily damaged shortcomings, so Dong flute durable.
Successful development
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Song and Dance Troupe Wushen Gang , with the help of Shanghai National Musical Instruments Factory , in view of the small volume of traditional folk flute Dong , narrow range and not swapping and other defects, the successful development of the reform Dong flute . This new flute Dong , Dong first in the preservation of traditional flute sounds and playing techniques , based on the extension of the tube body , adding to the sound hole and buttons , and the upper end of the mouthpiece made ​​of separate parts to copper , durable and pristine sound quality . In the post hole to press between the sound hole , and add a retractable double brass, easy to adjust the tube length , so that the pitch can be fine-tuned . The addition of a lower end of the tube body of the bell mouth , effectively expanding the volume. Such reforms Dong flute , range extended to f-c3, easy swapping and tone variations. Both for solo , but also for participating in the national orchestra . Since the absorption of wiping played other instruments on the gas alarms , sliding , playing and other techniques , which has a rich artistic expression. Creative music of ” train entered Dong cottage” and so on.

Speaking flute, people always think of the mouth to play the kind of instrument. However, in the Hainan Li and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of more than six hundred thousand Li there is a unique fellow to play the flute with his nose , so called nose flute is distinctive edges Li Ming gas instrument , named because playing with nostrils . Li said that although the language of labor , Tuen card round Kazakhstan.

A long history
Musical tone air -ming edges , the nose flute blowing it said. Blow holes located across the central section of the pipe end , pop Hainan Li , Li language also called ” although labor “, ” Tun card “, ” Larry each Dan .” Long history of a thousand years ago have been circulating in Hainan folk .
Generated on the nose flute , and there is still a tear-jerking love story. Legend has it that long ago , a pair of Li youth Fingers love. Pro before marriage , the girl taken to the betel nut , is the main cave discovered , was arrested, Cave main girl is forced to marry him hard . The girl refused, he was locked up. Young man looking for ten days and ten nights , and finally found the girl locked in a small cave in the jungle . They can not meet, the young man had to sing teaser . After Cave Lord knows , the young man caught up again , his tongue cut out , banished to a distant mountain forests shortage , over a month , the boy appeared in the side of the cave . He cut a white bamboo, blowing his nose pain and long for affection . No thanks girl felt, deeply moved . Later , the young man was killed Cave concentrating on the go . Died Trustee transferred to the nose flute girl , and soon , the girl escaped from the jaws of death , the young man kneeling on the grave , distraught, the young man during his lifetime playing the nose flute music playing over again . And then , the girl carries a nose flute , the young man buried in the tomb . Later, nose flute then passed down from generation to generation .
Zhang Qing long with “Li Qi Ji Wen ” contains: ” unmarried men and women who gathered every room in the spring and summer wilderness , mouth harp playing male and female get the nose flute , delivery sing songs Lebanon , there are those who fall in love , men and women were getting Cou one that provides coupled with its incompatibility , not too strong . ” visible , nose flute is a musical instrument commonly used to express love when Li young men and women will play . When night falls, the silence of the home village in Lebanon , from time to time came the slim and quiet study on three bursts , which is Li family guy calls his girlfriend at the flute , or the answer to her boyfriend of the girl , perhaps a couple rely on under areca turns blowing nose flute to tell each other love . In Lebanon home, blowing the nose flute is excellent to engagement soon, also interchangeable nose flute as tokens of love keepsake.
” Fanshe mingling map test” : . ” Nose flute , cut bamboo tubes, orifices four-hole , two inches long can foot , through the holes in the bamboo at the first blow on the nose of the cross , voicing compete in the disciplines. cover also eh . was Xiao also. hemp lead up to the night clubs , the smell and female Yue Fan , cited the same place . ” ” female long , constitutive house alone . nose flute , harmonica, men and women to reconcile with each other for a long time and meaning harmonic , tell all parents are . ”

2 shapes structure
Flute works carnation production, its length, thickness different specifications, folk and more without the use of a section of thin bamboo pipe , tube length 60 cm to 70 cm, diameter 1.6 cm or so, at a distance of 8 cm at both ends of the nozzle , each press to open a round sound hole . Either by the sound hole opened in the side of the tube body , can also be open before and after each one into . If you use both ends of bamboo with bamboo , need to open a section across the center of the circular through hole ; using a multi-section bamboo production , they have to get through the bamboo . Blow holes in the bamboo thin client.
3 Playing Method Editor
When playing, vertical tube body position, press the hole left thumb , right thumb , index finger pressed holes and bottom outlet . The upper end of the ramp on the right side of the blow hole nostril nostrils the breath vibrating tube by air column and pronunciation. Sometimes it can be blocked by the left nostril hand playing . Blowholes nose flute addition , the connecting pipe has three vents bottom nozzle can blow out the following : g, a, c1, d1, e1, g1 six tone. Smaller volume . Can also play through your mouth , slightly more volume . Nose flute tone quiet , muffled , sounds appealing , like Xiao bass , but softer, treble weak, the use of rich overtones , can blow three -octave range , and can play the vibrato , portamento . Sometimes difficult to control because the atmosphere , the music seems to be absent appear intermittently fleeting phenomenon , which sounds more Sound of charm. Blowing nose flute almost midnight when the whole village could be heard faintly . Commonly used in the nose flute solo, on -outs, and on stage , become dance props.

4 existing condition

In August 1980 , when the Ethnic Arts Festival in Guangdong Province , Hainan ledong theatrical dance team performances , ” nose flute Love” highly distinctive . Fingers showing on stage at night , as the silver moonlight . Li young men and women dressed in costumes , while the soft nose flute sounded , while dancing. Home in Lebanon , but also a kind of popular employer nose flute sound sing songs , in addition to singing the lyrics , but sometimes only sing tunes.
In Li folk , occasionally to see a long tube body nose flute , the longest of which were as high as 160 cm , need to lay playing with toes by following the sound hole . This proboscis flute, and now only a handful of elderly people to play , it is very difficult in general Li family epigenetic competent .

5 tunes meaning
There are many fixed nose flute tunes, they are mostly short- untitled song lyric , every song has a certain meaning, from generation to generation in the Li people , but it is not the same all over . The young men and women in Li , the nose flute playing is mostly improvised , which tunes also vary according to different wonder Li girl songs and voices , able to identify a unique study on three of his lover in a lot of study on three in the past . “Throw a rock exploration depth, blowing nose flute try Lennon song heart .” Phrase can also be seen from Lebanon ballad , nose flute and Li
Young love life has a close relationship . Li girl blowing nose flute is also a skilled , when every slack , festivals or love, when the young man blew whirring ( vertical bamboo flute ) , the girl then sounded the nose flute repartee .