Dong flute is unique breathe the Dong Ming instruments. Dong said the referral of each language , Francis Adams . Also known each flute , Kusabue . Popular in Guizhou Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Rongjiang from the river, Liping , Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , the vast region of Hunan and Guizhou channel Dong Autonomous County , Guangxi , Hunan and neighbor ing provinces .
1 Introduction
Dong flute , is the Dong Ming breathe unique folk instruments. Dong said the referral of each language , Francis Adams . Also known each flute , Kusabue . Popular in Guizhou Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Rongjiang from the river, Liping , Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , the vast region of Hunan and Guizhou channel Dong Autonomous County , Guangxi , Hunan and neighboring provinces .
Dong Xiao flute shape and similar reed mouthpiece fitted , vertical blowing melodious sounds elegant , lyrical melody can express the mood , but also play the warm jubilant melodies. Rich wild flavor, used to sing solo or accompaniment . Guizhou, Guangxi and popular residential area at the junction of the Dong , Liping in Guizhou Province , Rongjiang , Congjiang most prevalent .
2 Origins
Origin story
Origin of Dong flute , in addition to the Dong ancient song are: ” horizon gold rich man flute “, but in the Dong verse narrative poem, ” the ancestors River ” also contains : the “Miao Mother ( girls name ) will not dress up , silverside ( men’s names ) will not play, do not marry old home , the girls will not marry her husband ” era, ” Kim rolled Lusheng , gold flute …… firing , the girl heard a siren singing along …… . ” this is the folklore and legends about Dong flute flute songs . In Guizhou , Guangxi and Hunan provinces majority of the Dong areas , mountainous呈秀, streams intricate , in this beautiful, picturesque natural environment inhabited by industrious and brave , talented Dong people . Dongs is a singing and dancing , arts and culture has a long history , rich , known as ” music town” Fitch said . In Dong , Dong whistle will blow almost everyone , all of them can be made Dong flute . Every night, it will fly from the Drum Tower eaves upload a flute accompaniment Night Song Dong , or float the beautiful sounds of the flute and the waves of love songs from the Village side .
Play
Flute is one of the Dong Dong young men and women in love or social activities favorite wind instrument, it Kiba , as used to the accompaniment of songs , Kiba is usually playing in the field during the day , at night and Dong flute playing is more to accompaniment tunes smooth, rhythmic freedom songs solo – song of the Night . When Dong Jia epigenetic ” will be girls “, often walking to blow , the girls can be different from that tone , melodious sounds of the flute , and to identify their sweethearts . Dong Autonomous County in the channel , as well as ” sister love singing Lang piper ” love process, which is accompanied by a kind of flute Dong ” song with the flute” song. Dong experts flute playing here , you can block the side of the nose , and playing with the other side of the nose , although weak light pronounce , but who can while playing the flute while singing love songs, witty chic boast formed from singing , to love life more the exotic colors . In addition , Dong elderly , but also with Dong narrative song or wine flute song accompaniment. Lianglao famous folk artists have opened Huhan Wen , Shi Guoxing , etc.
3 structural features
Dong traditional flute , bamboo tube body produce more water , but also useful for black bamboo , gold or yellow string and wind Withered produced , length, thickness specifications uncertain , generally tube length 30 cm to 40 cm , diameter 1.3 cm to 1.5 cm . Apart from blowing sloping upper estuary , and stay bamboo flute plug or plug in the lower end of exposure , according to the body to open six sound hole , near the upper end of the mouthpiece , has opened a post hole filled with bamboo (Figure ) . Production, usually in August cut bamboo , bamboo choose a longer distance and more uniform thickness , with the approval dried or evaporated , with its thick end of the mouthpiece , the first in the upper 5 cm away from the body to open at a square post -hole ( also called hole or audio pronunciation window ) , hole 1 cm long , 0.8 cm wide . Then post hole wall above a split bamboo skin repair cut off 3 / 4 , 0.15 cm deep Be , groove width 0.8 cm rectangular bamboo groove sides of the booster with bamboo grass , bamboo covered with a pieces and wrapped with bamboo strips or wires fixed to form an air intake channel . Thin bamboo whistle hole as a sub- valve , but also through bamboo strips fixed on the lower half whistle hole , making whistle whistle . In the pipe body below the post hole , the vertical opening by six circular sound hole , the distance between the lower end of the first nozzle hole , and is completely equal to the circumference of the lower end of the spout , the post hole to the first hole of 1/ 2 opened at the sixth hole , between the first hole to the sixth hole opened by the sound hole four , six equally spaced by the sound hole .
4 production methods
Dong flute when making general use in August cut Withered yellow or black bamboo , bamboo requires optional long distance and thickness uniformity, dried or evaporated by after opening at one end sloping thick mouthpiece mouthpiece 5 cm away a square post of the open hole wall to break open the top of the hole , 1 mm depth are formed , the width of the rectangular groove is about 5 mm . Bad sides of bamboo mat bamboo, bamboo shelters with Zhumie fixed form inlet . Produced using thin bamboo reed with Zhumie whistle hole in the bottom half of the fixed form flute whistle . Whistle sound hole opened in the hole in the tube below the body , from the sixth hole to spout to spout the lower perimeter of the open hole in the first 1/ 2 hole to the sixth hole of the whistle , the second to fifth four holes equally spaced , the fifth hole from the fourth hole close, range up to two octaves . Same with this shape there瓦格洛, Miao sister flute , clarinet , etc. Wa of Tajikistan .
5 ways of playing
When playing the flute body vertical position, left index finger , middle finger, ring finger by a three-hole , right index finger , middle finger, ring finger pressing the three-hole , mouthpiece mouthpiece , the use of circular breathing method will flow evenly into the airway, direct impulse the lower half of the bamboo whistle hole , the inner tube of the air column vibration excitation and emitted through the finger holes have another level of sound . Dong folk flute , because different specifications, the tone is also different , more commonly used in F ( range c1-f2), bE tune ( range ? Bb-be2)) and D tune ( range a-d2) three kinds . Dong flute tone soft , bright, ranged between flute and Xiao , bright but not flashy , sweet without depression, and is rich in wild flavor. Playing often refers to the use of a unique vibrato and portamento skills. Commonly used in solo, ensemble or accompaniment. However, due to a narrow range , the volume is small, generally only suitable for the simple vocal accompaniment and solo playing . Liping county in southern Southeast and Northern Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County , Dong flute accompaniment is mainly used to “Little Song” ( flute song ) . Where a song dedicated to this musical accompaniment , are called flute song , sung mostly male blow -outs in the form of women singing , beautiful and moving melody . Dong Autonomous County in southwestern Hunan channel , Dong Lusheng flute also participated octave string and wind instruments such as the composition of the small folk orchestra . It is worth mentioning that, in the 1960s , Dong flute has been used for the opera ” Third Sister Liu” music , and also as the main instrument of the band , so that the opera is rich in ethnic style , it has also become a leader in the Dong instrument .
6 pairs of tubes Dong flute
Double-barreled flute Dong
Double-barreled flute Dong , Dong Ming breathe new varieties of musical instruments . Has been used in professional performing arts groups . In 1977, the South China Sea Fleet of the Political Department of Guangzhou Lingnan Backstage had Duke and Thunder Band Factory constitution, joint research reform Dong flute , flute making successful twin-tube Dong . It is the basis of traditional folk flute Dong , the tube body by the same two tone flute reform Dong banding together side by side , the left is in charge , the right supplement tubes, each tube are located by the sound hole , auxiliary pipes on three to six hole containing keys, key child does not like time was closed . This double-barreled Dong flute , bamboo flute draws clarinet pronunciation and general structure, Dong flute flute sound hole plug arranged by location and made appropriate adjustments to the airway inlet is also a small outside large mouthpiece , accelerate the flow of air injection rate , bamboo reed will post holes to pieces , thus significantly increasing the volume , so that range expanded to two and a half octaves , sound is also more distinctive than before .
Playing monophonic
When playing the tone , you can just blow in charge . Dual Tone will have while playing mouth-blown double-barreled , best at playing three degrees, four degrees two-tone , but also play five degrees , two degrees two-tone , and can play a small six degrees and seven degrees two-tone . Commonly used to reconcile the D tune in F , G tune , C flute double-barreled Dong , D Dong flute tune dual range a1-e4. The tone , it not only maintains the traditional characteristics of Dong flute and bass rich, full, like Bau tone ; Alto area mellow , soft, similar in tone with Xiao ; treble bright, slender, like bangdi of timbre . Dong dual flute playing skills extremely rich, while playing monophonic ordinary bamboo flute like, you can play legato , single spit , double spit , spit three flower tongue, portamento , playing sound , vibrato and arpeggios and other skills. When playing two-tone , can be more free to twice the performance of the Ministry of bamboo flute while a variety of techniques. For solo, ensemble or accompaniment. When solo , you can also play polyphonic melody. It can play the broad, lyrical melody , but also strong playing skills cadenza , is quite rich expressive solo instrument . In the ensemble , which has a distinct personality , there are other instruments of integration in common, due to the double-barreled flute Dong penetration is strong, can not easily be used in the band overwhelmed the other instruments , but also with a variety of financial orchestral sound for one, has a better adaptability.
7 Dong flute reform
Breathe the Dong Ming instruments
Breathe the Dong Ming instruments. Popular in Guizhou Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture of Liping County , Nanning, the capital city of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region . Since the 1970s , Dong folk artists , musicians and musical instruments manufacturing workers , continued to traditional folk flute Dong reform . Guizhou Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in Liping County outlet area folk artists , the famous singer Dan Guoxing and Dong , Dong first flute produced a reform , the mouthpiece to his body post holes for some pipe from the original break open the bamboo skin , repair the ditch was cut slots , padded sides to make bamboo air intake tract , to not break open the bamboo skin , directly affixed to the tube body made of bamboo , bamboo skin resolved after breaking open the remaining 1 /4 wall easily damaged shortcomings, so Dong flute durable.
Successful development
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Song and Dance Troupe Wushen Gang , with the help of Shanghai National Musical Instruments Factory , in view of the small volume of traditional folk flute Dong , narrow range and not swapping and other defects, the successful development of the reform Dong flute . This new flute Dong , Dong first in the preservation of traditional flute sounds and playing techniques , based on the extension of the tube body , adding to the sound hole and buttons , and the upper end of the mouthpiece made of separate parts to copper , durable and pristine sound quality . In the post hole to press between the sound hole , and add a retractable double brass, easy to adjust the tube length , so that the pitch can be fine-tuned . The addition of a lower end of the tube body of the bell mouth , effectively expanding the volume. Such reforms Dong flute , range extended to f-c3, easy swapping and tone variations. Both for solo , but also for participating in the national orchestra . Since the absorption of wiping played other instruments on the gas alarms , sliding , playing and other techniques , which has a rich artistic expression. Creative music of ” train entered Dong cottage” and so on.
