” China ‘s garment industry has reached a critical moment of transformation and upgrading of China’s garment industry in brand building need to continue to strengthen in the future .” Recently, the chairman of the Joint National Organization brand associations , Jiangsu Brand Society president Dr. Xu Haoran told reporters.
2013 , the domestic apparel industry continued cold , overstock serious sales growth weak, shrinking market demand , the overall profitability of the industry downturn . Under surrounded these negative factors , the domestic apparel industry difficult. Many industry insiders have said : The change in the situation of domestic apparel industry has come , the future of China’s garment industry challenges and opportunities .
Development of the industry downturn is not reduced
Recently, the National Bureau of Statistics China Economic Monitoring Center and the Economic Daily in a joint study by the industry sentiment index released “in the garment industry through climate index report” shows that current domestic apparel industry the main business income , gross profit and gross tax increment speed has slowed to varying degrees. Among them, three- quarters of the apparel industry ‘s main business revenue of 379.6 billion yuan , two consecutive quarters showing a downward trend , the garment industry was 69.7 billion yuan of funds of finished products , and continued the trend of seven quarter slowdown , the apparel industry loss was 17.0% The total enterprises suffered losses of 7.2 billion yuan.
The report also noted that the current domestic garment industry index of 80.0 warning continues in colder “blue light zone” running garment industry’s own endogenous growth momentum is still insufficient.
In addition , since October , with the major clothing companies have announced three quarterly results , the overall performance of the contour 2013 apparel industry is also gradually clear. Affected by the overall downturn in the apparel industry , the results of each garment enterprises generally poor performance .
Among them, Metersbonwe 2013 third quarter results show that from January to September 2013, the overall revenue decline of 19.9% , net profit drop of 49.12% . Seven wolves 2013 third quarter results show that from January to September 2013 achieved revenues of 2.31 billion yuan , down 8.11 percent . Joeone released three quarterly show, from January to September this year, achieved revenues 1.761 billion yuan , down 1.18% ; profit 426 million yuan , down 9.6% , operating income and net income both declined .
After a long period of ” closed shop boom” after the embarrassment of sports apparel brand still no signs of improvement . To 361 ° for example, its 2013 third quarter operating data show that the company’s new store openings 186 , 443 closed , the net reduction in the number of stores 257 . Previously more publicly available data, the first half of 2013 , Li Ning , Anta , Peak , China Dongxiang , 361 °, the number of Xtep brand closed six stores in total up to 2249 , a daily average of six companies closed shop 12 .
Industry insiders believe that the apparel industry is facing such a dilemma , caused by multiple factors , this situation will continue in the short term .
Weak demand , high inventory
Dr. Xu Haoran told reporters that at present a major problem garment industry, there is a serious backlog of inventory , sales growth is weak , unable to sell out a lot of inventory , the store under various types of wire under tremendous pressure.
Industry sources pointed out that the current total inventory of all brands apparel industry add up to about 2 times the total sales , even if one does not produce, in accordance with previous sales momentum point of view, but also to sell for two years.
It is understood that in recent years, the apparel industry has been facing the problem of overcapacity , major apparel companies generally appear high inventory phenomenon, now affected by many negative factors , these industries began to focus on the problems and shortcomings of the outbreak .
From the current point of view , a number of garment enterprises have taken discounts , cheap online sales ” to stock” measures as soon as possible and strive to digest excess capacity , return the funds to accelerate new supplement . Of particular note is that in recent years with the explosive growth of online shopping , more and more clothing companies began to layout electricity supplier and an important means to clean up its inventory seen , which is to digest inventory , return of funds to achieve sales growth had a positive effect and stimulate consumption to some extent , but this approach also has drawbacks appear.
A clothing company official told reporters disclose the current number of garment enterprises are taking ” online selling stock , selling under the new line” sales model. Businesses through the online channel will overstock products at lower prices in online sales, but sales of similar goods store so will inevitably be affected, more and more consumers are ” test equipment store , online orders “,” this is no way of things, only robbing Peter to pay Paul a . ”
Insiders pointed out that currently more clothing companies just as their electricity supplier inventory digestion of consumption “sewer ” , the ” Brokeback bleeding ” way dumping inventory, which the brand value of the product has caused some damage . In addition, the current conflict of interest conflicts online and offline channels are also increasingly prominent , ” right-hand fighting ” situation often occurs , this contradiction can be solved.
Inventory remains high, ” destocking ” action continues, but the needs of the market has shrunk , which makes China’s garment industry is facing greater challenges.
According to Dr. Xu Haoran introduced , before the domestic apparel industry rely heavily on export earnings , but now export orders is decreasing , giving garment enterprises adversely affected.
This argument has been confirmed in the ” 2013 1-3 quarter operation of China’s textile industry ,” the report MIIT released in November 6 . Statistics show that since 2013 , import demand in Europe , Japan and clothing down , the larger of China’s textile and garment export industry pressure. For example , from January to August , the EU dropped by 5.9 percent of total imports of textiles from China Garment year , Japan fell 3.9 percent of total imports of textiles from China Garment year .
The performance of the domestic market is equally bleak . According to statistics of China National Commercial Information Center released noted that the first half of 2013 , the country hundreds of key large-scale retail enterprises apparel retail sales growth is lower than the same period last year by 2.9 percentage points .
Negative factors facing the apparel industry is also more than that. Rising domestic labor costs , shop rental elevation, raw material costs increase, the strong impact of international clothing brands , which have led to the profit and garment enterprises are substantially compressed. More seriously , in recent years , some Southeast Asian countries with cheaper labor costs attract more and more foreign manufacturers , China ‘s comparative advantage of low-cost clothing manufacturing industry is disappearing .
Usher critical period of change
Although the domestic apparel industry very difficult, problematic, but many industry insiders have said that this does not mean that Chinese apparel industry has to decline. In contrast, Chinese apparel industry is currently in a critical period of transformation and upgrading , the future of the apparel industry will usher in a new revolution .
Chen Dapeng , executive vice president of China National Garment Association in 2013 China Garment Assembly has pointed out , the development of Chinese garment industry is facing a more complex environment of the future and a new multi-faceted challenges, while also facing a huge opportunity . Chinese apparel industry will vigorously readjust the industrial structure in the future , and actively cultivate brand growth , highlighting the brand new full value , moving from a manufacturing power to create powerful intellectual future annual growth rate of China’s garment industry should be more than 10%.
Dr. Xu Haoran believes that the current problems in terms of the surface of the domestic apparel industry is inventory , market demand is low, sluggish sales channels , but in fact reflects the domestic apparel industry is serious homogenization , brand awareness is not strong , philosophy needs to be improved , urgent issues such as innovation and marketing mode . Therefore, the future of China’s garment industry will change occurred or that change will bring pains to clothing enterprises.
” The next few years there will be a number of brand development lag behind business philosophy , product features poor garment enterprises are eliminated , and the precise positioning of those businesses will better life , while mergers between companies clothing phenomenon also appears that some have channel advantages will be more mergers and corporate value . ”
Dr. Xu Haoran believes that the future development of China ‘s garment industry great potential , after going through the throes of the apparel industry will usher in a new pattern. ” China ‘s garment industry will be the next really big brands , a number of high-value , high-profit independent brands will enter the high-end market , then, the high-end market in Western luxury brands will give way to self -made clothing brand .”
Clothing enterprises should abandon impetuous, with intensive mental painstaking to do the brand , develop customer loyalty , should the pursuit of ” selling ” to pursue ” often sell .” “A clothing brand is equal to the demand of a crowd , men and women can not take-all , but can not do anything , if only the pursuit of ‘ large and fast track ‘, that cake looks like a lot , in fact, lost the original market . “
Hot wap
Thermal tile just that hot wap .
Hot wap , also known as thermal tile just , La Wabo , La Bab . Uighur , Uzbek playing stringed instruments . Popular in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region . According to legend, created in the 14th Century. Mullah Exelon wooden spit Lamujizi ” Musicians History ” records , hot wap originated in southern Morocco . Kashi hot wap folklore , length 130 cm .
Brief introduction
Hot wap , also known as La Wabo , La Bab . Uighur , Uzbek playing stringed instruments . Tajik Autonomous County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region taxkorgan popular , Yarkand , Zep , Yecheng and leather mountains and other places. ? According to legend, created in the 14th Century. Was included in the Qing court Huibu music . ” After the law Lvzheng Yi made” ( AD 1746 harvest book ) collection called La Bab . Mullah Exelon wooden spit Lamujizi ” Musicians History ” records , hot wap originated in southern Morocco .
As hot wap wooden piano , speakers hemispherical , with sheep , animal skin , horsehide or python trim. Slender neck , the top of the bend.
Thermal tile just can be divided into the southern heat tile just ( also known as Kashi thermal tile just ) and northern heat tile just ( Yuan Kan Muli thermal tile just ) . Southern thermal tile just a small piano , stringed fretboard is wrapped product , you can exchange and mobile -grade, sonorous timbre ; northern thermal tile just as a product of copper or animal bones , usually five strings , soft and crisp tone .
Kashi in southern Xinjiang area thermal tile just the piano , piano bar and the piano department head bones often beautiful and rich mosaic of ethnic patterns , both a solo instrument , but also a very delicate handicrafts, popular with tourists welcome.
Tajik people living in the “roof ” of the eastern Pamirs , long-term and Uygur, Kirgiz dealings with each other , not only closely linked economically , on the relationship between music culture also has relatives , and more hot Boop and Uighur Long hot wap , appearance is very similar except for the piano , the playing position and the same method is also more . Tajik People sing and dance to the eagle as a legendary hero image , both to mimic the action of the Eagle dance , but also with the eagle bone flute made of heat Boop is on the piano , but also has the eagle wing -shaped decoration.
Structures
Kashi hot wap folklore , length 130 cm . Speakers hemispherical , with a single piece of mulberry wood dug system , facial Mongolian sheepskin or animal skin . String slot headstock site showed a right angle bend backwards . Twenty-eight piano bar wrapped stringed taste. Piano bar with speakers on both sides of the connection , each with a corner . Piano bar , inlaid with camel bone , shells and other decorations on the speakers. Zhang played a chord and four to six main resonance strings are steel stringed . Main chord tune a stringed instrument played c1, four strings tuned in resonance e, A, d, g, six strings tuned in resonance # f. B, e, A, d, g , or B, e, E, A, d, g. Range of about two octaves .
Long shape with multiple hot wap , the resonance box , headstock , piano bar , pegs , the bridge and strings and other components (left ) . Quintana with a single piece of mulberry wood, apricot or pear wood production, specifications sizes. Full length piano used by 80 cm to 90 cm, more Long hot wap longer, have greater resonance box , scoop -shaped piano box in front of the Mongolian yak leather , pony skin or animal skin , surface diameter of 22 cm – 24 cm . Piano bar is shorter , about the piano body full-length 3/5, the narrow width of the front straight for the Anxian fretboard , no taste, stick back in an arc shape , piano bar hollow resonator under the interlinked in the lower part of the fretboard piano bar , and more than 30 circular drilled or cut out a small number of various floral sound hole . Piano chord groove in the head was bent back at right angles , which is provided with a T-shaped peg five ( third from left second from right ) , in the upper left side of the piano bar has a T -shaped treble pegs . Piano bar at the lower end of the resonance box connecting the right and left , with two symmetrical wings of the eagle -shaped wooden corners , and some were approximately trapezoidal wing -shaped or diamond-shaped decorative isosceles triangle , plays a protective resonance box , beautify the instrument , which is the common feature of all the hot wap , hot Boop series playing a stringed instrument . Headstock inlay phase at the piano bar with a wooden Yamaguchi ( also known as the horse ) , skin surface Longbridge shaped wooden home Qin Ma ( also known as the dismount ) , has tied the end of the piano strings . Zhang six strings, traditional multi- casing strings, stringed now .
Historical development
14th century , extensive domestic and international cultural exchanges , Uighur people in the original folk instrument on the absorption of foreign musical instruments , create a new musical instrument , Kashgar is hot wap Uighur people are hardworking , wisdom, has been in private not bad vibe . To the Qing Dynasty , was included in the court Huibu hot wap music ( ie Uighur music ), and in the name of La Bab , Bu speaker of history. A book in the year 1746 to clear ” after the law吕正义series” ( Volume IV fifteen ) ” Huibu music technology ” set: ” Secretary Hu dial one person, the name La Bab back .” Clear ” Dynasty ritual schema” with their figure . ” History of Qing Dynasty ” ( Volume I ) contains: . ” Horn Bu , five stringed , two steel strings , wooden handle through the slot , groove , such as a bottle , in order to take the first song Zaokong纳丝leather string to string together the five- , second from left , third from right , first on the right song to string together two axes steel strings . risk reversal means hand , or playing stringed wooden dial , steel strings should take sound . ” in the year 1854, Mullah Exelon wooden spit Lamujizi wrote ” musician history” ( ancient manuscripts Balakrishnan ) , the narrative of the ” Maqam ” seventeen artists prevalence of creation, according to the artist talk : hot wap originated in southern Morocco . 1930s , Shanghai Datong ethnic instrumental music societies will , had produced a reference to the historical data of our national musical instruments, including ancient musical instruments and ethnic minorities , among them La Bab two , and also made some reforms attempt , the original shape of the seven strings , there are five stringed , two steel strings , Club La Bab produced only a five stringed Zhang . Kashi hot wap spread so far , there have been several hundred years of history , and in the northern region has spread , it is in process , quality and performance aspects have been larger than the previous development .
If you say ” plucked Seoul ” is a very magic can play the instrument , then the ” hot tile just ” this instrument is the most popular musical instrument . Hot wap , also known as La Wabo , La Bab . Produced in the 14th century , has been 600 years of history. In Mullah Exelon wooden spit Lamujizi of ” musicians History ” records , hot wap originated in southern Morocco . It is not only Uighur favorite instrument , but also the Tajik and Uzbek minorities such as favorite stringed instrument .
4 existing data
Beijing China Art Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Music Instrument Museum with a traditional hot Boop from Tajik folk . Mulberry wood piano with a total length of 89 cm . Resonance box was a scoop -shaped front Mongolian yak leather , surface diameter of 24 cm . Headstock from string groove at right angles to the next bend , opposite sides of six T -shaped pegs ( three on each side ) . Piano bar is shorter, the narrow width , front straight, the back was circular , the Department of inlaid wood adhesive made by the two parts . Piano bar connecting both sides of the lower end of the piano box office, with two symmetrical wings of the eagle -shaped wooden corner , above the five pieces embedded “Kangxi reign ” coins for decoration . Yamaguchi wooden , bamboo -shaped piano Longbridge horse , piano strings tied bottom set nails . Zhang six stringed . This piano shape simple , straightforward process . Have been included in ” Chinese musical illustrations ” in large pictures .
Species
Many Uighurs thermal tile just kind into heat tile just Kashi , new heat tile just , and more just and shepherd Ranjeva heat tile just like. Kashi Kashi thermal tile just because popular area named after the sound it emits a soft , although the volume is small , but tactful and delicate tones . People bounce joyous festival favorite Xinjiang Tajik thermal tile just put hot tile just called “hot布卜” is a Tajik People playing stringed instruments most commonly used . Mainly spread in southwestern Xinjiang Tajik Autonomous County and neighboring taxkorgan Yarkand , Zep , Yecheng and leather mountains and other places. Thermal tile just a multi-use apricot wood , and Uighur multi Ranjeva just similar , length 70 cm , just slightly shorter than the thermal tiles , rough , piano box is large, oblate , mainly in cattle, horses or Lvpi masked . Stubbs while playing with apricot wood , pear , horn or chemical film playing music , playing the music sounds rich, melodic sound varied, so commonly used in the ensemble and solo. ( In addition, there is a Tajik designed for small children to play hot Bubu , called “hot Bubo Qiao .” )
Playing Methods
Kashi hot wap playing , sitting or standing can be, but the body should be upright , shoulders straight in . The piano across the chest , being placed in the right chest resonance box office, leather up, left and right corners close to the chest muscles. Piano left hand holding the tiger’s mouth prop rod , slightly elevated , slightly tilted outward piano face , his left index finger , middle finger, ring finger and little finger can be taken according to the string sound , raised his right wrist flush with the bridge , gripping piano box , with thumb and forefinger grip paddles, the square immediately plucked piano strings pronunciation . Paddles used 0.3 cm to 0.5 cm thick plate made of celluloid triangle , also used pieces of bone , horn or wood chip production . Kashi ‘s hot wap tune a stringed instrument , whether or seven- stringed banjo , and treble main playing strings ( outboard ) are tuned in c1, four strings tuned in resonance : e, A, d, g. Six strings tuned in resonance : # f, B, e, A, d, g , or B, e, E, A, d, g. Range three octaves . Pronunciation bright and soft , small volume , tone tactful and delicate, graceful lyricism . Playing skills with a single bomb , two bomb, bomb pick , roll -outs, Bouncing pick, sweep and sweep small roll of continuous pick bombs , outboard playing the main theme, used to play bass or string resonance and tone. Can be used solo, or as a folk song and dance ensemble instrumental accompaniment . There are more famous solo ” Pat Lam “, ” yaru ” , “Palace Tepa By “, ” Tashi Wa By “, ” My hot wap ” and “Summer Cartier that ” and so on. A I have to mention the famous virtuoso hot wap , then grams of meat trick , according to Brad Kurban · A tone up I mention I mention so on.
Solo music
Mostly solo piece ” Muqam ” or folk tunes , more famous songs have “Mango Lane “, ” Gro I li “, ” Lailegule ” and ” White Eagles ” and so on . Traditional music of ” Tashi Wa By ” , “Palace Tepa By “, ” Cartier summer that ” the creation of music there , ” my hot wap “, ” Tianshan spring “, “beautiful country ” and so on .
Manufacture
Uzbek thermal tile just from Central Asia, said that in the early 1950s , the Soviet Union pass入喀什, the popular southern imitation . Thermal tile just and Kashi hot tile just lookalike Uzbek , but the resonance box to be slightly larger, wide neck with five strings , all with steel strings , the strings played with two main sounds as d , 3 resonance given chord tone is d, a, a sound is inside and outside the octave , the middle of pure five degrees. When playing with the main chord -based, sometimes playing the sweep will resonate chord . This thermal tile just a larger volume , play the music sounds bright , rich, has a different beauty.
Thermal tile just like stringed instrument not only minorities , but also a refined pure handicrafts . Intelligent Uygur folk artists in the production process remains unchanged, only the thermal tile just a little smaller in size , made by Seiko color thermal tile just elegant , sophisticated , and also the normal pronunciation steel strings ( but not for playing , ) is home to watch , friends to share gifts and collectibles .
Classification
Shepherd hot wap , Uighur playing pizzicato sound instruments. By shepherds use the name. By deduction , also known as Qi hot wap , meaning Montagnards hot wap . Yecheng popular in southern Xinjiang and other places . Hot wap similar shape and Kashi . Sang wooden resonance box hemispherical , but smaller in size . Piano bar is also slightly shorter fingerboard with no taste. Zhang has three strings , using steel strings . Embouchure and Kashi hot wap same . Is tuned : g, a, d1. Shepherds often carry sing , and singing artists also used . It folk bands and cultural life of the people , is a common playing stringed instruments playing the piano across the chest , left hand supporting the piano bar , index finger , middle finger, ring finger Anxian , right hand gripping the wrist speakers, thumb , index finger to perform a triangle horns or plastic paddles play . Tips single bomb, bomb pick , roll -outs , playing pick pick, sweep a small roll and so on. For solo, ensemble , accompaniment. Traditional music of ” Tashi Wa By ” , “Palace Tepa By “, ” Cartier summer that ” the creation of music there , ” my hot wap “, ” Tianshan spring “, “beautiful country ” and so on .
Uzbek hot wap
Is Uzbek , Uighur playing pizzicato sound instruments. Also known as the new hot wap , wap hot reforms . Popular in Xinjiang over the country, especially in Urumqi , Kashi, Yining and other cities are most prevalent . Uzbek People sing and dance , and live in the Xinjiang city business, in the long history of the development process, due to the Uighur people live together , closely , not only more developed economies , but also has a high level of culture and art , folklore musical instruments Uygur also much the same . Kashi is also the first to use hot wap , but this musical resonance box small piano bar is longer, so the volume is small , the sound area is also low. It is said that around 1951 , Uighur instrumentalists , composers ust Mitsue ( 1932 – 1990 ) during the Ili Backstage work has toured the Soviet republics of Uzbekistan , Central Asia, the Uzbek back from a thermal tile Pu . Ust Mitsue worship folk artists as a teacher, good at playing hot wap , playing Istanbul, East Bula and Dabo and other instruments . The early 1950s , Urumqi, according to Burke embankment and Ust Mitsue and other musical instrument musicians , based on the Kashi hot wap , referring to the Soviet Uzbek hot wap shape, made of Uzbek hot wap , also called reform or new hot hot wap wap . Maintaining the structural characteristics of the shape Kashi hot wap , the piano produced by mulberry , apricot or walnut wood made , length 92 cm ( Figure ) . Hemispherical hollow resonance box , put together by the Department of multi-block wood,比喀什hot wap big piano box length 20.5 cm , positive Mongolia to python , surface diameter of 15.4 cm , compared to Kashi hot wap narrow , piano box 11.4 cm thick , Bi Kashi hot wap shallow . Piano bar short and wide, sticky plastic fretboard front , the back of the arc-shaped , above the fretboard inlay with 24 or 25 brass frets , on equal temperament . On both sides of the lower end of the piano bar at the contact resonance box , equipped with two symmetrical wings of the eagle -shaped wooden corners, so each one . Headstock angle with piano bar比喀什hot wap big , make it difficult to break the string . There headstock after the next bend ( located chord groove ) Peace plate ( no strings slots ), with the T -shaped design style violin pegs or four ( two on each side ) or five ( third from left right) . Longbridge shaped leather set wooden horse piano , piano chord bottom with wooden tie . Zhang has four or five strings , using steel strings .
In addition , there is a hot wap alto reform . Piano shape , material selection, production and playing methods are identical with the Uzbek hot wap , piano and full-length 100 cm , diameter 22 cm surface resonance box . Can be used for solo, ensemble or accompaniment, and supporting the use of Uzbek national hot wap band often . Beijing Chinese Art Institute of Chinese Academy of Music Instrument Museum Uzbek hot wap one . Mulberry wood , length 90.5 cm , put together by eight wooden resonance box hemispherical front Mongolia to python , wide 18 cm . In the string slot headstock parts bent backward , similar to sheep horn , violin style SRE red wooden pegs five ( left and right ), the piano bar before the flat back-arc , rosewood fingerboard on a stick , embedded with 24 a bone fret . In the piano bar connecting the lower end of the piano box office, located on each side of a symmetrical shaped wooden eagle wing corner . Bamboo Longbridge horse. Whole body bone inlaid decorative pattern black and white stripes . This instrument excellent choice of materials , meticulous workmanship, the quality can be described as the piano . June 29, 1959 , China’s Ministry of Light Industry Light Industry Bureau has just finished this musical instrument gift Institute .
When playing, regardless of sitting, the body should be upright , shoulders straight in . The piano tapped his chest , elbow resonance box on the right middle finger plate facing up. Left hand holding the tiger’s mouth prop piano bar , finger Anxian take sound right wrist flush with the bridge , the thumb and index finger chord sound bombs executive paddles . Paddles available piece of bone , horn pieces , made of celluloid plate or wood triangle , with 0.4 cm thick plate made of celluloid picks better. The Uzbek hot wap banjo tuning up into three groups , namely, the chord is a chord a tone , the outboard two strings homonyms. There are three commonly used method of tuning up , the first one is tuned in : d, a, a, d1, d1, inside , the relationship between the two strings of five degrees , the outer two strings of four degrees relations , internal and outboard eight degrees relationships. The second is tuned : d, g, g, d1, d1, inside , the chord is four degrees relations , the outboard to five degrees relations , internal and outboard of octave relationships. The third is tuned 😕 C, g, g, c 1, the relationship between c1, inner, middle and outer string is tuned in between the first and the same law . Range d-d3 or c-c3, up to three octaves . Uzbek hot wap four strings tuned in : B, e, a, d1, is four degrees relations , this tune a stringed instrument popular in southern France between Aksu and other places adjacent strings. Hot wap Uzbek pronunciation of each of the strings have different characteristics, outboard crisp , loud, the strings bright, mellow , the chord plump, thick. Methods and Kashi hot wap playing basically the same , common shells , pick, roll, sweep and other skills. Not only can play on the outboard main theme, in a higher position within the string can also play melodies, pop-up within the two- tone and three- octave chords . Transpose is extremely convenient, common C, F, G, bB, D , and several other tune. This hot wap , wide range, timbre crisp , bright , and most suitable for solo , but also to participate in band or song and dance ensemble for instrumental accompaniment . China’s national music composers Uzbek hot wap created many solo ethnic characteristics , there were famous : “Tianshan spring” , ” beautiful country ” and so on .
Multi Lang hot wap
Uighur shells plucked musical instrument sound . Long popular multi- region because of the name. Also translated Dolan said hot wap , Dolan hot wap . Awati popular in Xinjiang , Bachu , Markit and Yarkand and other places. According to legend , the ancient Uighur Multi Lang ‘s “spit blue” ( ie “group ” means ) . Ancient people along the western edge of the Taklimakan Desert gregarious engage in labor , earning the formation of a branch of the Uighur , so called long on Long person . Also said that this is the man known as the Tarim River . Many shapes , different shapes multi Long hot wap ( Figure ) , is a true portrayal of the multi- instrument maker Ron continuous improvement of people . The first multi- Long Hot wap , is to use a piece of mulberry wood dug from the system, resonance box for flat round to the front of the Mongolian animal skin , huge volume , shorter piano bar and wide fingerboard , headstock string slots in place right angle bend backwards , similar to the ancient lute song entries sides headstock and piano bar on the left side there are a number of pegs set , there were a number of sheets and the main playing strings resonating strings, piano bar relative to the lower end of the resonance box then at the sides , with two symmetrical rectangular wooden corner decoration, it plays the usual resonance box protection , stability and beautify the piano while playing the instrument , which is more than hot wap Long salient features and signs . This ancient multi Long Hot wap now rare.
With the passage of time and improve production technology , the spread process, in order to carry and easy to play , gradually narrowing the resonance box , but比喀什hot wap larger shape the evolution of semi- gourd-shaped . Traditional multi Long hot wap , piano with mulberry , apricot or walnut wood production, a total length of about 80 cm . The upper half of the resonance box piano bar connected with wide , on which there are several small round open sound hole . Lower half of the resonance box has a hollow gourd -shaped front Mongolia in animal skin , Mapi , yak leather , goatskin or python , surface diameter of 22 cm or so. Piano bar short and thick , the narrow width , wider front Anxian fretboard , no taste. Right angle bend backwards headstock , string groove transparent, set both sides have three to six T -shaped pegs , and more generally for five or six axes for Zhang playing the main strings. Piano bar on the left side set has four to thirteen T -shaped pegs , and more generally for seven to ten axes , for Zhang resonance strings. All strings using steel strings , there are also individual casing strings using string resonance . Set of bamboo or wooden skin surface Longbridge horse -shaped piano , piano chord at the end with a tie .
Beijing Chinese Art Institute of Chinese Academy of Music Instrument Museum multi Long Hot wap pieces. One of mulberry wood , length 85.5 cm , was gourd -shaped resonance box , front Mongolian yak leather , surface diameter of 18.4 cm . Flat headstock , string slot at the thick, Chengbian square, SRE six T -shaped pegs ( fourth from left second from right ) , Zhang played six main steel strings . Piano bar is long and wide, smooth surface for the Anxian fretboard , no taste, the left side is set with seven T -shaped pegs , sheets four wire, three casing strings resonate . Piano bar at the lower end of the connecting both sides of the piano box , equipped with two symmetrical rectangular wooden angle . Yamaguchi bamboo , wooden Longbridge form the bridge . Instrument modeling simple , meticulous process , from the hands of southern folk artists for the 1958 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Department of Culture gifts. This piano has been loaded large album ” Chinese musical illustrations ” in the . Another multi- Long Hot wap walnut wood , length 75.5 cm , scoop -shaped resonance box , front and Mongolia in goatskin , surface diameter of 21 cm , piano chord groove in the head at the bend, the set of five T -shaped pegs , third from left, second from right , Zhang played five main steel strings . Piano bar long narrow left home with four T -shaped pegs , sheets four steel strings resonate . This piano was originally a famous Beijing Opera artist ‘s collection of Mr. Cheng Yanqiu , 1958 , Mr. Cheng will donate their country .
Long hot wap playing multiple , often taken sitting, inclined to hold the piano at the waist , the roots of the resonance box placed right leg , leather oblique upward lift headstock on the left , 45 ° angle , left the holding jaws of death piano bar , commonly used index finger , middle finger, ring finger Anxian take sound , right thumb and index finger grip paddles executive plucked strings pronunciation . Main playing strings and more strings to double homonym , is tuned : c1, d1, g1, ten resonate chord tune a stringed instrument : g, c1, d1 is usually double strings homonyms , and the remaining four strings tuned in : e1, f1, g1, a1. Range g-d2. Playing the original bit -oriented , often playing the melody on the treble strings resonate . Lord played chord deep timbre , rich, crisp sounds resonate chord , and bright. Both are intertwined, constitute sound sonorous , bold and unrestrained style. Can be used for solo, ensemble or accompaniment, but also sing . Folk play “multi Long Maqam ” one of the major musical accompaniment .
Hami hot wap , shells plucked Uyghur Ming instruments. Hami region to the popular name. With the development of convenient transportation and exchange of cultural reference , multi Long Hot wap gradually spread to eastern Xinjiang , Uighur people for the local favorite . Popular in Hami , Turpan and Shanshan other places. Long hot wap shapes and multi same piano made of mulberry , apricot or walnut wood , length 90 cm or so, was a scoop -shaped resonance box . Where there is a piano bar in the embedded copper fret fretboard . More sophisticated and meticulous craftsmanship . There are five main playing multiple strings ( there are two sets of double strings, tuning up e, a, d1), seven or eight string resonance ( tuned in g, a, c1, d1, e1, g1, a1), are steel stringed .
Beijing Chinese Art Institute of Chinese Academy of Music Instrument Museum Hami hot wap one . Walnut wood , piano and full-length 91.5 cm . Resonance box was a scoop -shaped , front mask with leather, surface diameter of 23.7 cm . After the headstock obtuse recurved, the home of the five T -shaped pegs ( left right) , Zhang played five main steel strings . Piano bar is long and wide, surface no taste, fretboard inlay with three coins and three copper for decoration , piano bar on the left set eight T -shaped pegs , Zhang eight steel strings resonate . Piano bar at the lower end of the connecting both sides of the piano box , equipped with two symmetrical rectangular wooden angle . Piano bar end Yamaguchi bone , bamboo Longbridge form the bridge , piano bottom has tied strings. Quintana carved out of the back ridge pattern ornamentation. This production of fine hot wap , folk artists from the hands of Hamilton , in 1963 , the Institute of Music ethnomusicologists Wah Kan when it went to Xinjiang folk songs, bring it back from the Hami . Has been loaded large album ” Chinese musical illustrations ” in the . Playing posture and methods are the same and multi Long hot wap , but lifted the headstock angle is small , about 30 ° angle . Five main playing strings, which has two sets of double strings homonym , is tuned : e, a, d1, seven string is tuned to resonate : g, a, c1, d1, e1, g1, a1. Range e-a1. Playing the original bit -oriented , generally do not change the position, often playing the melody on the treble strings resonate . Can be used for solo, ensemble or accompaniment, is also commonly used in thermal wap playin sing , and has become one of the ” Hami Muqam ” the main accompaniment of musical instruments.
Taijiang support the development of micro-enterprises, ethnic handicrafts Processing
“This pure hand-embroidered clothes, I was not willing to bid 50,000 yuan to sell .” Taijiang County town of 63 -year-old Shi -dong small and micro business owners Xiu sent forward to visits to research Guizhou Provincial Industrial and Commercial Bureau Party Secretary Convey embroidered clothing line introduced her said . According to Liu hair , this year she embroidered apparel sales amounted to more than 20 million , also opened a website selling , sold to Japan, Korea, France and other places .
In early 2012, Taiwan Jiang County, according to the provincial government issued “on vigorously support the development of micro-enterprises opinions” spirit, ethnic handicrafts processing industry as one of the six key support . With the strong support micro-enterprise development policy implementation , the county folk handicrafts glow with vitality , with ” 3 150,000 yuan ,” micro-enterprise support policies , handicrafts processing taijiang ushered in a new development opportunity , Miao silverware , embroidery these once “kept in purdah ,” the traditional ethnic arts and crafts , has now been unveiled .
Up to now , the county ‘s ethnic handicrafts processing support small and micro enterprises reached 60 , the registered capital of 5.5 million yuan , provincial cities and counties three financial subsidies 3.63 million yuan , driven more than 300 people at the gates of employment.
Xunyi nationwide popular women’s handicraft
In the recently concluded meeting Yangling Agricultural High, Xunyi women will embroidery, paper cutting and other works shows and live performances combine original new products, not only to attract a large number of visitors to visit us, but also won a large number of orders from around the country, women’s handicrafts again shine.
This year, women’s handicraft experts were cultured Heritage Site 400 people, driven more than 2,000 rural women in handicrafts production, organizing special training courses more than 20 period, more than 3,000 women received embroidery, preparation, cloth, paper cutting, simulation flowers and other crafts skills training. Relying on this special industries, the county established Wanhong artificial flowers Manufacturing Co., Ltd. was established xunyi skills training base of rural women and promote women’s handmade goods made industrial development has taken a first step, the initial formation of a leading enterprise axis, radiating around the rural surplus labor force of women entrepreneurs employment, value-added products to enhance the direction of the Group development pattern.
European specialties 5 models can not miss the dessert
Europe What are the specialties ? What kind of tea can best lure your taste buds ? Princess cake ( Sweden ) , raisin cake ( London ) , creamy sweet filling pancake roll ( Italy ) , croissants ( Paris, France ), Medovnik cake ( Prague ) , this 5 European tasty snacks, you must not miss oh.
European specialties – Swedish Princess Cake (Prinsesstrta)
Very beautiful, a very lovely pastries, because the early twentieth century with three Swedish princess particularly fond of the name. Bright green marzipan and white in layers of sponge cake , jam , vanilla milk egg custard and whipped cream , a moreish . Recommended Nick Vaughan Taxinge Slott cafe.
European specialties – London raisin cake
This snack has an interesting nickname “dead flies pie” , it is because of this rich cream cake wrapped in many small raisins. Recommended Bakeries in St. John’s to London , where the raisin cake topped with a Lancashire cheese .
European specialties – Italian sweet cream filling pancake roll
When you’re tired of ice cream , try the creamy sweet filling pancakes . This dessert is a sweet Italian cheese crispy fried bread filled tube in and made. Recommended Taormina town Laboratorio Pasticceria Roberto restaurant.
European specialties – Isfahan croissants in Paris
Croissants quintessence of French cuisine , the French people are very traditional breakfast, when you bite, the whole dessert disintegration ; your clothes, plate and napkin on a useless piece are covered with a large piece of bread crumbs. Pierre Paris Hermes store Isfahan croissants worth recommending.
European specialties – Prague Medovnik cake
Alternating layers of honey cake with whipped cream and condensed milk . Russia and Ukraine is the birthplace of this cake , but you will find that every one of Prague ‘s bakery has sold. Cukrarna Hajek bakery and cafe Savoy is a good choice .
Swedish Princess Cake (Prinsesstrta), London raisin cake, Italian cream sweet filling pancake roll , Isfahan croissants in Paris , Prague Medovnik cake, these are European specialties , you eat it ?
Guangzhou Food Guide features delicious looking tongue
Many people know that ” Eating in Guangzhou” this sentence, but the Guangzhou What are the specialties but did not know , today’s Food Guide will take you to find the top ten characteristics of Guangzhou delicious morning tea, poached chicken , claypot , Tingzi Yu , porridge , rice rolls , radish offal , wonton noodles , ginger milk , Shuangpinai , everything enough tease your tongue .
Guangzhou specialties : tea
Speaking of Guangzhou ‘s most distinctive cuisine and food culture , I believe that no one will tea to forget. Indeed, Guangzhou tea but nationally renowned , nobody do not know , ah, look at a variety of dim sum are people appetite , shrimp dumplings, dry steamed dumplings, glutinous rice, chicken , rice rolls , spring rolls, carrot cake , chestnut cake , chicken legs , steamed pork ribs, pork buns , egg tarts ……
Guangzhou specialties : claypot
Claypot dishes in Guangzhou , a major feature in many places , by the Guangzhou people’s favorite, especially in cold weather when the claypot eat a warm , warm and happy . Claypot flavor there are many more common sausages , tempeh ribs, mushrooms, slippery chicken poached chicken , ducks and so on.
Guangzhou specialties : poached
Poached chicken dish is very famous in Guangzhou , skin cool Rouhua , light and delicious, in many feast , and ultimately, its presence. There are more famous poached poached Pan River Restaurant , Liwan District Qingping Qingping Road, the hotel system ” Qingping chicken” , Sunflower Garden Sunflower chicken ……
Guangzhou specialties : Tingzi Yu
Tingzi Yu Guangzhou is one of the characteristics of congee , almost all of congee shop are sold to fish , fried peanuts , fried fritters , and other ingredients added to the porridge made of raw materials rather than more complex, crisp and soft smooth, sweet Kami .
Guangzhou specialties : porridge
Porridge , congee very famous one in Guangzhou , with pork balls, liver slices , cooked pig Fen Chang porridge made . Bright white color , Mi water blend , delicious fragrant thick, can not taste .
Guangzhou specialties : rice rolls
Rice rolls , also known as “La gut “, ” chee cheong fun “, etc., are very popular in Guangzhou cuisine, many people like to eat it for breakfast . Good rice rolls another on the tender , crystal clear, eat delicious mouthful , delicate and smooth .
Guangzhou specialties : radish offal
Radish offal , Guangzhou, very unique street food , originating in Guangzhou and 13 rows off the West region , Guangdong has become part of the culture . Some people say that you have to know Guangzhou radish offal from beginning , it was said , did not eat radish offal Guangzhou people who are not real .
Guangzhou specialties : wonton noodles
Wonton noodles , also known as “small Rong ” , is commonly known as ravioli Guangzhou people are extremely popular specialties in Guangzhou , Guangzhou is also one of the most popular breakfast , playing crisp bamboo tooth surface plus thin filling up more than wonton , incredibly delicious .
Guangzhou specialties : ginger milk
Ginger milk , one of Guangzhou’s most famous dessert , ginger and milk it to the main raw material produced by processing , taste mellow and smooth, sweet, spicy, unique flavor and there Nuanwei Table thermal effect .
Guangzhou specialties : Pinai
In addition to ginger milk , Guangzhou, delicious desserts and Shuangpinai , Shuangpinai due first in Guangdong Shunde Daliang , so called great good Shuangpinai . With fresh milk and eggs after boiling, steaming from. Especially recommended Yan Shun Pinai , South letter Pinai .
What specialties in Guangzhou ? Guangzhou delicious cuisine of course far more than the Raiders described above these, there are a variety of fresh seafood, snacks , etc., are good in Guangzhou delicious oh.
Textile recycling industry started encounter difficulties
With batteries , plastic bags after use , like environmental pollution greatly used clothing , used clothes collection however current domestic industry is limping . Beijing Daily reporter learned that, a few days ago , although there are clothes store clothing brands to test the water recycling efforts , but overall speaking , clothing enterprises to participate in the enthusiasm is not high , and those who have already started work in recycling business, but suffer from gray industrial chain impact , reason , trade policy is unclear, high input costs , low public awareness of many problems to be solved seriously restricting the recycling industry .
Western textile recycling industry rainbow night
With brands such as H & M clothes in the country to promote recycling activities around the textile recycling explore the increasingly fierce . However, compared with some western countries , China ‘s textile recycling industry lags behind .
Shanghai Yuan Industrial Co., Ltd. , chairman of Yang Ying Hung told Beijing Chinese Commercial News reporters Zhuan Fangshi and Jie Shaoshuo , at present, in the United States, Europe and other places, from policy to its textile recycling and other aspects of the operation of enterprises have formed a more mature model. In China , even the first to open in Shanghai clothes recycling program , but now they have not been integrated .
Specifically, in a foreign country to France, for example , the Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development issued in 2007 on textiles and clothing, footwear and household linen draft product recovery and processing , the country also has a special organization for the financing of the waste clothing recycling technology innovation , market development . In addition, in the UK, it is recycled through a variety of channels, including charities take home recycling , establishing textile recycling, the charity set up points as well as downtown street bins . Can sell old clothes left in the store , and the rest to the professional bodies classification resale .
In China, due to legal gaps and a variety of taboos, the green industry unbearable hardship . As the China Textile Industry Association Deputy Secretary-General Sun Huaibin said: “At present, our recycling system is fragmented, only part of the district , recycling companies and a few other places during the recovery , the coverage is limited .” China Association of Resources Comprehensive Utilization statistics show that , at present, China’s textile recycling rate is less than 1%. In developed countries, the textile material recycling rate has reached 16%.
Domestic textile recycling industry is imminent
In the current situation, petroleum reduction , overpopulation, shortage of raw materials, particularly prominent , more noteworthy is that improper handling of waste clothes , cause greater harm to the environment . It is reported that the traditional method of recycling of waste textiles mainly incineration and landfill , but polyester, acrylic and polypropylene fibers , represented by the decomposition process is very slow , buried in the soil would endanger the growth of plants , if incinerated , which may be released toxic substances. So, to speed up the development of the regular army has become a priority .
Recently, with the promotion of domestic environmental protection concepts , some clothing companies personally, opened the recycling efforts . However , last week , Beijing Chinese Commercial News reporters Cai Fangle and Mei Tesi ? Bonwe and many other apparel brands and found that they “do you have textile recycling program ,” the answer given is ” not yet .” Insiders analyzed that ” money is slow, high cost ” is the prohibitive important reasons.
In the industry view , the current problems facing the recycling industry is mainly unknown direction : policies, standards , norms , such as multiple blank severely reduced the enthusiasm of enterprises . ” Harmless disposal of waste textiles so far still in the exploratory workshop phase , recycling logistics costs, classified using the high labor costs , and the product is very long payback period , resulting in a lack of investment focus .” Yang Ying Hung expressed . It is worth noting that the street hawkers recycling old clothes , and then through the stall sales , so the circulation mode buried serious security risks , especially if flows abroad , may also cause diplomatic disputes .
Garment industry diversification new choice
In fact, the face of enormous pressure on the environment and resources , the Government has also actively promote the textile recycling industry. Recently, the State Development and Reform Commission Xie Zhenhua , deputy director , said the NDRC will work with relevant departments , industry associations , from the regulations, systems , policies, technologies , standards and other aspects of developing a government guidance and market operation , and sustainable waste textile recycling mechanism .
As the most important part of the industry chain , the company’s correct understanding are equally important. It is understood , textile recycling terminal processing not imagine that only a “re- made clothes .” Donghua University, Associate Professor Wang said that by cutting and tearing and other mechanical processing , you can put the final knitted and woven fabrics made with sound-absorbing , sound insulation, heat insulation, thermal features such as non-woven materials , used as filler , automotive sound-absorbing materials and carpets. In addition , you can also be made by chemical treatment of new fibers.
Also worth mentioning is that as technology improves , recycling textiles was a ” cost-effective business .” Yang Ying hung to reporters just such an account , raw wool prices 50,000 yuan per ton , recycling of raw wool prices by Category opener 20,000 yuan per ton , the old material prices 60% cheaper than new material .
Insiders estimate , waste textiles future applications will be more widely . “Because of textile waste recycling costs are lower, from a long-term perspective, the industry ‘s profit is very impressive .” And this is still in the cooling off period for the enterprise have added a new diversification strategy choices.
Source Industries chairman dialogue edge
Textile recycling mode pending the formation of a mature industry
Beijing Daily : At present, the development of the domestic textile recycling waste situation how ?
Yang Ying Hung: textile recycling industry is a government-led , at present, the domestic policies, standards , etc. have not yet developed , the industry is still in the development stage, pending the formation of a mature industry model .
Beijing Daily: What are the difficulties faced by textile recycling ?
Yang Ying Hung : The company has been in operation in the form of public recycling efforts , in order to obtain financial support, we will be able to reproduce some of the textiles sold the company since July has been profitable . But currently , the domestic textile recycling industry is also facing a lack of government support , business qualification is unknown, investment enthusiasm is not high multiple bottlenecks. Meanwhile, informal enterprises also suffered from the impact of gray industrial chain .
Beijing Daily: prospects for the development of the industry in the country how ? To promote the development of the industry in the country , which of these recommendations ?
Yang Ying Hung: as an important way of environmental protection , and its prospects are optimistic . In the development process, the government needs to do a good job leading the work , to give some financial support . In addition , we hope to achieve a breakthrough on the industrial layout , in the north, northeast and other regions to establish different processing zone in order to reduce transportation costs, accelerate industrial development . ( Beijing Daily )
Third Plenary Session of the “new formula” herald a new positive textile industry
Third Plenary Session of the Party’s eighteen successful conclusion , plenary communique on the comprehensive deepening the reform of a lot of ” new formula” , causing the textile people enthusiastic response , which means Plenum for the textile industry in the future development of a new hope and more positive .
The “new formula” indicates multidimensional positive
” Central Committee clearly stated overall goal of comprehensive deepening of reform is to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics , the first time to ‘ promote national governance systems and governance capacity modernization ‘, the overall design of the reform will be established governing body , which is conducive to industry the full range of policy development and coordination of the design industry . ” China textile Economy Research Center , Sun Huaibin representation .
Sun Huaibin analysis, Plenum ” new formulation ” the multiple dimensions of the textile industry to bring new positive. For example, the plenum stressed that the market in allocating resources to the decisive role , requiring improved mainly determined by the market price mechanism , which for textiles that full market competition , mainly produced consumer products industry is of great significance . Another example , the textile industry the dominant African -public economy , public ownership as the mainstay Plenary reiterated a variety of forms of ownership develop the basic economic system , proposes to encourage , support and guide non-public economic development , stimulate the non-public economic vitality and creativity, support the healthy development of non-public economy . This will help break some non-public economy textile industry monopoly threshold for the industry reinvigorate will help to consolidate the status of textile industry, people’s livelihood , and promote the healthy development of the industry . In addition, significant changes in the land system , accelerate the transfer of land , etc., will also promote the large-scale cultivation of cotton , deepening the cotton circulation system provides new opportunities.
Hope the new spirit of enterprise ills surgery
The industry is concerned, a lot of ” chronic” problem difficult to solve the long-term , could there be for lack of top-level design and market mechanisms are inadequate reasons . Many industry insiders reflect the textile industry since the reform and opening up 30 years, successfully opened a development path suited to the condition , but in the development process , the raw material problems , difficult issues such as loan financing has plagued the healthy development of textile enterprises .
For this, long plagued by the problem of cotton spinning enterprises emotionally. Dongying kete Cotton Company Mr. Zhang has talked about building experience ” cotton roller coaster ” is still a lingering fear : ” cotton prices rose , the market was filled with the atmosphere of speculation , some companies are busy hoarding of cotton, cotton yarn , resulting in orders in short supply. Requirements is magnified , crazy hype obscures the real supply and demand , and when cotton prices fall, to buy or not buy up the psychological effect , the market into watching the real market demand is suppressed, orders sudden decrease or even disappear . ”
In the textile industry, cotton spinning enterprises such as kete lot , they produce products in short supply , but the ups and downs of cotton , leading companies must take a lot of money saved cotton, and they often only raised the funds needed , invisible cause the loss of business efficiency and operations difficult. Third Plenary Session of the Party’s eighteen states: a comprehensive economic reform is the focus of deepening reform , the core issue is to handle the relationship between government and the market , the market in allocating resources play a decisive role , and better play the role of government . Zhang and build hope in this spiritual guidance , open market price of cotton , a fundamental solution to the cotton issue for many years , so that textile enterprises more calmly face market competition at home and abroad .
Under the new system, grasp the ” tube ” and ” release”
Policy and market environment favorable , but to avoid the ” one will die, and disorder ” phenomenon appears again. For this, the textile industry also expressed their own views .
Jingwei Textile Machinery Corporation , a department official said , thanks to the adjustment of national policies on cotton , the most recent period , cotton production has gone up, gradually increase business orders , making China’s cotton price was essentially flat with the international market , this not only improves the efficiency of enterprises , but also the domestic cotton spinning enterprises to further improve the competitive advantage . However, in order to avoid the herd should occur again , the state should actively improve and standardize the market access system , the establishment of a standardized competitive and orderly modern market system . To make the market “invisible hand” and the government only the “visible hand ” mutual weaknesses, combine , and promote the healthy development of Chinese textile enterprises , this is the spirit of the Third Plenary fully comprehend .
” Third Plenum pointed to innovation and social governance, improving social governance, stimulate the vitality of social organization , which means that some of the social management functions transferred from the government out of industry associations work suggests a new space and topics , industry organizations as the government and industry bridge and link between enterprises , and its role will be further play . ” as China textile industry Association Deputy Secretary-General of the Sun Huaibin says. He also thinking about this question: governance system in the country’s modernization , the government of what functions should be transferred ? Industry organizations which will undertake the role ? In short, ” industry organizations should strengthen self-construction, so that they have sufficient capacity for the industry to govern good service .”
In addition, the Third Plenary Session explicitly proposed to improve natural resource assets property rights system and use management system, delineation of ecological protection red line , the implementation system of paid use of resources and ecological compensation system reform ecological and environmental protection management system. This is also for the textile industry once again clear the necessary social responsibility.
Amount of wind instruments Sibu Si
Sibu Si amount is Kazakh edges gas alarms instruments. Also translated Si Buzi amount Team mate Spies places. Popular in Xinjiang Altay , Burqin , Tacheng , a new source , Usu , Urumqi and other places.
History
Long history, a book in the 11th century AD, ancient ” Turkic Dictionary” , which was carrying ” Si Buzi amount ” as “a flute .” Be seen as early as 11 centuries ago, Sibu Si amount had already appeared and spread in the community , and also from generation to generation , has spread. Kazakh people to livestock for a living, Sibu Si amount is the old shepherds often play a clarinet .
Shape structure
Original tube body with a shady cove on the prairie or a thick growth of reed making, now more poplar, pine or yurt Punta rod production. Generally 50 cm long tube body , diameter 1.5 cm , hollow tube , no reed whistle devices. Open the body to have three or four by the sound hole , the top tube wall thinning as the mouthpiece ( Figure ) , the tube bundle catgut or cord , to prevent cracking of the tube body dry climate , the protective effect .
Playing method
Playing Sibu Si forehead before wet washed with water wall tube body to make pronunciation mellow. When playing , vertical tube body holding to his left index finger on the hole ( four-hole who left by the last two holes ) , right thumb and forefinger pressed end two holes. Mouthpiece mouthpiece, and a bit more on the left side of the lips , tongue blocked nozzle majority , leaving a small opening for the blow holes. First by the throat made a long tone ( continuous bass ) , while the gas flow into the tube, shock tube emit air column vibration tube tone finish one before blowing ventilation . Guttural sound tube with the amount of pitch Sibu Si same as C tone , coordination and integration between the two . As the amount of sound -hole Sibu Si : c1, e1, g1, c2, play treble entirely on breath control , and can play the following overtone : d2, e2, f2, g2, a 2, b2, c3. Playing skills have portamento , vibrato , Yi Yin and so on. Range c1-c3, there are two octaves . Commonly used in the solo , suitable for remote listening . Good at playing lyrical music.
Traditional music
The famous traditional songs are: ” miss “, ” Monkey jujube tied horse “, ” Irtysh waves “, ” camel race “, ” white cursory ” and so on . Song describes Kazakh herdsmen labor , life and beautiful natural scenery.
Wind instrument spit good
Brief introduction
Jingpo private sector a wind instrument . Popular in Yunnan Jingpo people . Bamboo , the length of the tube body shape and size vary. Useful thickness or less, of equal length two bamboo phase formed ; also useful for a long bamboo, the middle to open a blow hole . Tube body without finger holes , with overtones tube ends with the opening and closing nozzle issued high and low tone , range of up to two octaves. Can accompaniment or solo folk music. “Happy Village ” is a good spit solo .
No whistle reed wind instrument “spit good” also known as ” properly either ,” popular in Yunnan Dehong . It is a about The 45- cm thin bamboo tube , the middle one type blow open holes made , also useful for two , three sockets made of bamboo .
Playing, left thumb Left nozzle, nozzle rear right hand palm , hands do all kinds of boring , put mix and match to blow the intensity changes can be more than two octaves to play the sound . It is used for solo or folk dance accompaniment . Songs such as “Harvest ,” “The mountain birds .” Mostly Jingpo use .
Jingpo say , music and their instruments “spit good” was supported by divine revelation , is to express grief and created ; while “spit good” low plaintive voice exact listener’s mind. Therefore, to love the music into force , Youyi love moving .
This instrument after making the improvements and playing techniques on the increase, has started to become a professional solo instrument . 1981 brought by the Yunnan Nationalities Song and Dance Troupe Myanmar, Thailand, Singapore and Hong Kong and other places to play , by the Hong Kong and Macao compatriots, overseas visitors a warm welcome .
Shape
“Spit good” for the Jingpo language transliteration. This instrument usually consists of two parts made of bamboo plug , there were only a length of bamboo . Throughout the whole length of bamboo only three-fifths of office blow open a hole , playing thanks to changes in the mouth and breath control both ends of the cylinder bore opening and closing his hands constantly adjusted to alter the length of the air column inside the tube and get a different pitch. Range no more than two 8 degrees, bright and pastel tones , especially rich in wild flavor.
