Month: August 2013

Shakuhachi, bamboo, external incision, five-hole (the top four after a), is a vibration gas alarms edges wind instrument, eight inches to a foot long tube, named after its tone desolate expanse, but also the performance of ethereal, quiet mood.

Historical heritage

Sui and Tang, shakuhachi become a major instrument in court. “New Tang Lu before Biography”: “Dynasty (627-649), the loss of ancestral music SUN Zeng Xiao law, and tone of king long pass, white informed more difficult matter, can not decide. Taizong imperial courtiers who give good sound …… paternity in Wang Gui, Wei Wei Sheng said the only system shakuhachi, where twelve, different lengths, and the harmonic deed. ”
Todai-ji Temple in Nara, Japan’s positive position in the yard, still preserved in China’s Tang Dynasty Chuan Tang Dynasty went eight shakuhachi. Where an eagle carved bamboo shakuhachi, 43.7 cm long, tube top opening five holes in front of the tube body behind a hole. Each has a circular pattern at the edge of the sound hole. Production is very beautiful, the whole body carving patterns and ladies like. The first hole is engraved with two women, one who stoop and pick flowers, one by subsequent legislation for Zhang sleeve. Behind a hole under a female stand while holding a fan, another woman sitting pipa. The rest are decorated with flowers and birds pattern. There are also jade shakuhachi, dental shakuhachi, shakuhachi and birch carved stone tape measure eight and so on.
Song shakuhachi developed to form a five-hole shakuhachi and severance by the Japanese monk eastward Japan, has been preserved, and its complex skills, sound unique and ancient flavor. Shen Kuo, “which” contains: “Later Han Ma Rong conferred flute, empty bottomless, quiet on hole, five hole, a hole out of its back, just like today the shakuhachi.”
After the Song Dynasty, with the Chinese cultural gap, from the folk flute, flute and other instruments gradually replaced the music of the shakuhachi for Gong Ting Ya’s position that the country has not seen such an ancient musical instrument. China is now made of bamboo vertical spread

There flute wind instrument, South Sound Xiao (South flute), Guangdong Xiao and so on. The main difference is with the shakuhachi flute and Guangdong Xiao such as the internal dig u-type mouthpiece, often capped lid; South Sound xiao (South flute) as the internal dig v-mouthpiece, no cap cover. The shakuhachi is a half-moon shape of the mouthpiece exonuclease mouthpiece. Flute with South flute, shakuhachi mouthpiece are associated with a significant difference. Patterned openings in the flute is different to the one foot eight inch pipe Patterned example, the sound tube is D, the pitch of the holes F, G, A, C, D. Patterned with an inner diameter of the other flute, sound also has a significant difference.
With the popularity of the international shakuhachi and Japanese shakuhachi sector to China’s roots, all kinds of shakuhachi gradually returned to China. (From left to right right shakuhachi, South flute, flute).

Communication History

Shakuhachi in Japan 1,300 years ago had spread eastward, into the Japanese mainland. According to records shakuhachi is Jin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty (581-618), the equivalent of Japan’s Nara era of the Tang Dynasty as playing gagaku instruments pass by the Chinese to go. From Sui Gaozu Kaihuang 20 years (600 years) since the time of Prince Shotoku in Japan, the Japanese have repeatedly sent “Sui make” and “Tang Dynasty” Go China, shakuhachi flute and many other Chinese musical instruments such as the Long eastward to Japan. So far, Japan has also preserved Shosoin Tang system shakuhachi kinds. First introduced to Japan only for Gong Ting Ya shakuhachi music, tin, known as the “ancient shakuhachi” is often used as a plaything of dignitaries, it is also called “Gagaku shakuhachi.” According to legend, Prince Shotoku particularly fond of the Japanese shakuhachi, he was used by Chinese shakuhachi, now also treasured in Nara Horyuji temple.

Today in Japan, the popular five-hole “shakuhachi”, it is the Kamakura period (two to Song Chao Xi Shun Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty) by Japanese Zen monks were ordinary sense of the heart to protect the country Nio Temple in Hangzhou, China during Xuechan Lay sheets with reference to the study door playing shakuhachi, shakuhachi and returning back to the “virtual bell” and “void” and shakuhachi music. Later, heart felt were founded generalization, imparting
Skills, playing the shakuhachi into meditation, called blowing Zen. Therefore will he teach shakuhachi shakuhachi called generalization.
After 1871, generalization shakuhachi pass in society. Modern Japanese shakuhachi is from the Cape of shakuhachi evolved, more generally for three, five holes (after the first 4 1), no pore, with different length dimensions, both playing classical music, but also can play Modern music; often with koto and shamisen ensemble, but also with the Western orchestra, electronic organ, among others. Improved modern Japanese shakuhachi diameter changes, so more perfect sound, consistent temperament.
Todaiji in Nara positive positions yard, still preserved in China’s Tang Dynasty also pass to the eight shakuhachi. Where a carved eagle shakuhachi, 43.7 cm long, tube top opening, the tube body behind a hole in front of five holes. Each has a circular pattern at the edge of the sound hole. Production is very beautiful, the whole body carving patterns and ladies like. The first hole is engraved with two women, one who stoop and pick flowers, one by subsequent legislation for Zhang sleeve. Behind a hole under a female stand while holding a fan, another woman sitting pipa. The rest are decorated with flowers and birds pattern. There are also jade shakuhachi, dental shakuhachi, shakuhachi and birch carved stone tape measure eight and so on. Suzhou National Musical Instruments Factory has carved carving shakuhachi a copy.
In addition, by the Chinese brought to Japan as well as “a cut shakuhachi.” 1970s Americans seamount (kaizan) will be transmitted to the United States from Japan, shakuhachi. Today, the modern shakuhachi are more and more international attention. Although shakuhachi originated in China, but the Southern Song Dynasty has been the Japanese heritage and development of the 20th century, but also through Japan, spread to other countries and regions in the world, and in its hometown of China, has almost been forgotten, the international research also customary to shakuhachi called “shakuhachi” (Japanese “shakuhachi” transliteration), the shakuhachi classified as Japan’s national instrument.
July 2008, in Sydney, Australia at the World Conference on shakuhachi, Chinese artist Zhang Suzhou shakuhachi listen (frequency gamma Samadhi) as the sole representative of China attended the meeting, and in the nine countries and regions worldwide nearly a hundred players Get World Youth shakuhachi contest finals fourth. From the first time in the modern international arena with China shakuhachi human figure.

Manufacture

Shakuhachi flute is the predecessor to Zhugen production, in the pass no end, the tube foot eight inches, cut half-moon songs outside the mouth of the front by opening four holes at the back to open a hole.
Shakuhachi production is very complex.
Selection
Need to choose thick, bamboo fiber closely, the inner wall of thick bamboo, more suitable due to Makino, so 90% of the shakuhachi were selected Makino (Japan called true bamboo) for the material.
Bamboo is also very particular about the selection of projects, because the mouth must song on bamboo, cut each hole must be a certain distance away from the bamboo, so the choice of making shakuhachi bamboo pitch have very strict requirements. Plus generally must take root shakuhachi, a bamboo forest, only twelve suitable for making shakuhachi. So therefore shakuhachi prices increased a lot. Distance requirements for the festival, in addition to songs port must be in bamboo, the other a distance of aesthetic requirements, is not necessary.
Shakuhachi song port is circumscribed, and flute as endo, which is the difference between shakuhachi flute and one purchase, please note. Tang did not cut inside the mouth song. Song of the mouth cut method will result in different playing techniques different.
After digging through some bamboo handle, must be kept more than 3 years before they can produce shakuhachi.
After doing crude embryo, Modern Patterned bamboo conditions need to fill the inner wall, the inner wall of the design requirements in order to achieve a curve. This process is the production of shakuhachi hardest place, because the entire process is done by hand, in small space, using tools like abrasive rasp made in full compliance with the drawing of the curve is very much needed experience, a good curve can Let shakuhachi more perfect sound. Will be more good blow. Filler material commonly used internationally for the lacquer + whetstone powder mixture. Of course, the inner wall is also useful as a new method for plastics.
Outside
Do need to use the old lacquer thin layer of protection. The wall will need to use black, or Zhu Hongsheng do paint protection.

Playing

Shakuhachi sound can be high or low. Voices can be deafening, but also delicate as silk. This requires that those who play a considerable ability to grasp.
Shakuhachi Shakuhachi external incision song mouth makes an increase of ups and downs with the flute tips (angle airflow through the rise of bow making changes resulting pitch and timbre will change).
With only five classical shakuhachi holes. Making it part of the sound must be blown out with the ups and downs. So ups and downs is one of the greatest charm shakuhachi. Shakuhachi player is verified an important indicator of the level.

Species

Don shakuhachi shakuhachi can be divided, to no shakuhachi, a cut shakuhachi and modern shakuhachi of four. One, Don shakuhachi exo-type mouthpiece, tin, and according to the presence or absence of water hyacinth to choose. Fingering and Xiao same, and the same with Xiao distinguish different lengths with a tune, there are common Don shakuhachi G tune, F tone, E tone. For custom tin with eight holes fingering friends, only need to be familiar shakuhachi exo-type mouthpiece, music can play a very convenient. Second, to no shakuhachi exo-type mouthpiece, five-hole, the top four after one, no water hyacinth. To the classical genre generally used without shakuhachi solo in this song, so both require absolute pitch, but also requires only relative pitch. Commonly used as a foot eight inches, also can take some bamboo for production, do not deliberately required length. Ancient pipe production methods, more modern tube easier, the ancient tube pitch is the average distance, the inner wall are not altered, so to speak without shakuhachi no intonation, but by the artificially corrected through the ups and downs of the pitch.

Third, an exo-type cut shakuhachi mouthpiece, five-hole, a cut in the ancient monk shakuhachi is nothingness tube shakuhachi evolved on the basis that only a unified length. (Right picture shows a cut shakuhachi) four, also known as modern shakuhachi modern pipe, fill soil pipe. Exo-type mouthpiece, five-hole, modern shakuhachi is based on the Song shakuhachi evolved. Modern shakuhachi demand absolute pitch, and timbre has a very high demand, so the production is very high. Modern shakuhachi bamboo lumen must be what is called a “putty tuning” of the production process (fill the name of the resulting soil pipe), which is the human inner curve for shakuhachi effective control, so that the optimum performance of shakuhachi.

Shape of the structure

Song of the mouth
Shakuhachi part of a song port horn inlay, due shakuhachi song mouth for foreign incision, unlike the flute, shakuhachi bamboo sharp part of the softest part of the meat, while the flute because it is within the incision, so the most acute part of the hard epidermis. Therefore shakuhachi song is very easy to break something and mouth caused by infestation whole shakuhachi scrapped. Song of the mouth in order to protect the ancient people, the choice of song horn inlaid in the mouth, is to break something both can be replaced. Song mouth inlaid right shakuhachi timbre have a certain impact. Selected material has a certain elegant.
Horn: sound more moist, is currently the most commonly used material inlay.
Ivory: Ivory grade shakuhachi will use as inlays, sound more tough. Crisp.
Plastics: Voices ranged between horn and ivory. There is a trend to gradually replace the horn.
Genre Relations
Ancient Shakuhachi: Ming undercurrent generalization shakuhachi songs were generally inverted fan inlay mouth.
Qin ancient stream: similar inverted fan in the shape of inverted triangle (right picture piano Pavavalung inlay),
All mountain streams: the semicircle. Song of the mouth area is to protect the largest and most scientific one.

Modern five-hole shakuhachi through behavior, international teaching, competitions are five holes. Modern production house is also exploring a number of shakuhachi five-hole shakuhachi based porous shakuhachi, there are seven holes, abalone, etc., are based on the increase in the five-hole open holes to achieve. Enka ballads and performers usually use seven-hole shakuhachi. Abalone shakuhachi rarely used. Five-hole shakuhachi, through mastery of appropriate technology, you can easily blow out all chromatic, playing all the tunes of music, and be able to demonstrate the porous shakuhachi do not have results. Now pitch and pitch and size dimensions listed to facilitate understanding:
Size 10 11 12 13 14 15 1,617,181,920,212,223 2,425,262,728,293,031 32 (18 to 1 feet 8 inches)
Pitch Bb A Ab G Gb FE Eb D Db CB Bb A Ab G Gb FE Eb D Db C
The biggest difference with the flute and flute biggest difference, not just in the pitch, number of holes, the mouthpiece structure.
On the inner curve of modern shakuhachi has almost demanding, computational science perfect resonance structure. This makes the shakuhachi sound more crisp, bright and delicate.
Genre works

School
Shakuhachi spread to Japan since the Tang Dynasty, into the Japanese mainland shakuhachi, the first Buddhist instruments used for the transmission is. So, shakuhachi and Buddhist music is inseparable.
Japanese shakuhachi many schools, and its source is “generalization were shakuhachi.” Gradual emergence of “Ming undercurrent” such a big branch.
Edo period, with the generalization cases, the abolition of nothingness monk, shakuhachi gradually people. You can also learn shakuhachi is not a monk. In the aristocracy gradually formed as the representative of the ancient piano Blackpool “Qin ancient stream.”
“Qin ancient stream” is a classical court music of the shakuhachi and the combination product. Its characteristics are gorgeous, self-assured. Similar to the Chinese Painting.
In modern times, with the inflow of Western music Orient. Produced by Nakao are mountains of the “all mountain stream”, which is characterized absorbed Western scientific method of playing musical instruments, retaining classical shakuhachi features. Mostly for playing folk and modern music.
With the growing number of shakuhachi repertoire, for ease of learning and to distinguish the characteristics of each genre. Different schools will choose their repertoire as “the song.” Different schools can not learn other genres tracks. The modern boundaries of this martial art has been weak up.
In the medieval period, mainly koto music tracks and songs adapted from the ground, and more songs with koto and shamisen ensemble to become three ensemble. Generated after the creation of the track specifically for shakuhachi, becoming “the song.” In addition to solo, duet and other forms as well.
Representative track
Japanese shakuhachi most fundamental three tracks: “false bell”, “empty”, “Wu Hai Chi” (“chi” read chí)
Classical this song: “deer away tone”, “Crane’s Nest cage”, “bell Mu”, “123 bowl back,” etc.
Qin ancient streams: the song of 38, on behalf of tracks as “deer away tone”, “nest crane bell Mu”, “sixth”, etc.
All mountain stream: mostly ballads, only an ancient classical as “Crane’s Nest cage”, the other as “rock water”, “moon”, etc.
Modern Music: “far sound” (Newages), “paternity something bright” (Rock + POP), “Fortunately Soul”, “Sakura Sakura” (dance), “East Wind” (JPOP)

Place name

Jianli Jianli County, Hubei Province is located in the southern town of shakuhachi door, longitude 113 ° 03′-113 ° 05 ‘, latitude 29 ° 35′ – 29 ° 37’, east of Honghu Lake, west of the Yangtze River, Yueyang City, Hunan Province across the river, Version soil area of ​​152 square kilometers, 95,142 acres of arable land, with a total population of 70,433 people, is a strong comprehensive strength Jianli five major towns.

Zhilin

Title to migratory birds like the seeds of a different party,
Masted ship came a shakuhachi.
From the sunset from the Hercynian head,
Changan pill came out Hercynian passengers.
Middle of the night listening to drunk downstairs shakuhachi,
Like a stranger Fan passenger Guguan
Listened Yansheng, move nostalgia,
Got solace in my neighbor’s shakuhachi.
Times toward the bustling Chang’an City in
Take a visit alone desolate bamboo ……
(Why was the ten thousand red flowers,
Also inundated with a plume of desolate ancient incense? )
Also go back, go back too, go back too –
Title to migratory birds like the seeds of a different party,
Masted ship came a shakuhachi.
Shakuhachi became Mishima flowers.
(Why neon Wan flowers,
Also inundated with a plume of desolate ancient incense? )
Also go back, go back too, go back too –
Hercynian people want to bring back the sorrow of losing it?
Bian is a contemplative philosophy of life of the poet, but also a profound historical consciousness of the poet, he has paid attention to the phenomenon of life from a wide range of mining profound philosophy of life, given the universality of poetry to philosophy symbolic meaning, but also to extend tentacles to a deeper cultural complex historical phenomenon, trying to capital stock and foreign cultural and historical perspective of the development of rheological phenomena, the trajectory of its rise and fall of unspeakable law and complex multi-causal, so that his poems are full of a deep history feeling. On this latter point, “shakuhachi” a poem typical. “Shakuhachi” a poem in 1935, has been hailed as the best for Zhilin maturity. The so-called “shakuhachi” is a kind of ancient wind instrument, also known as “Xiao tube”, produced in India, according to legend, at the latest has been introduced between the Sui and Tang China, Tang Lu was customized to have one foot eight inches, so there is a name. Become a common instrument Han nationality. But after the song has not lost about seven or eight centuries brought to Japan, and now is still popular in Japan, called “Jin of the shakuhachi.” It can be said, a little shakuhachi symbolically reflects a nation’s culture and local transport of circulation and the rise and fall. The spring of 1935, when the Japanese imperialists stepped up China’s military invasion of the occasion, Bian guest in Japan because the incident. May one night, he heard spread to Japan, Chinese ancient musical instruments playing the shakuhachi worse Tang Yin Rhyme tunes, feel that this “simple shakuhachi as a key”, inadvertently for himself “opens up a forgotten hometown. ” There seems to be a culture of “symbolic” objects, side “of the history of eolian sounded the mirror” (Bian “vicissitudes set · shakuhachi Night”) caused by changes of the spread of human culture and ethnic ups and downs of deep thinking, and soon , then the idea created a “shakuhachi” This is the first with a profound sense of history and extensive symbolic meaning of the lyrics.
As always scouring Zhilin simple, heavy subtle hint, the pursuit of overtones, overtones style, plus the author has used this poem main modernist poetry layered, multi-voice chorus and omitting jumping skills, so “shakuhachi” is more abstruse. But its structure is still sense a pattern. Authors wrote in 1936, “shakuhachi Night” once evoke his experiences in Japan, after the poem with the idea of ​​creation, in which they talked about, he felt shakuhachi as a “key”, “mirror”, history and culture. ” symbolic, “and he created” shakuhachi “is” Imagine a night in listening shakuhachi natives in Mishima, Mishima and think how many years ago a passenger in Chang’an City Night Wen shakuhachi moving homesickness, like self-view history eolian sounded mirror “, therefore, the poem” Although called “shakuhachi” and is not intended to chanting, “but do not have sustenance, shakuhachi by writing to convey a” historical consciousness “(” vicissitudes set · shakuhachi night “). We refer to historical facts, background and readme Zhilin, again read “shakuhachi”, the poem’s internal structure is more reasonable came to light. Generally speaking, the “shakuhachi” a poetic sense structural clue is this: “Hercynian off” – a modern Chinese people (with Bian’s shadow) from Japan to the west of China take a Japanese ship “Chang pill” came to Tokyo, Japan, when Japanese imperialism stepped up its aggression against China, the Chinese crisis aggravated the day off so Hercynian midnight in Japan hear “shakuhachi”, not only from the nostalgia, but also lead to a more profound complex thoughts, and “Chang pill” named after the ancient capital of China, Japan Vessel also inspired his imagination. So he can not help but step back from the deeper origins in streaming shakuhachi history (shakuhachi spread of cultural history and the pros and cons associated with the rise and fall of national local transport), then the emergence of a mind this historical picture: probably in Datang Golden Age, when the Han Chinese cultural prosperity, the state power when the shakuhachi instruments such exotic flourish in Turkey. There were a flown from Japan’s “Fan off” in China Chang’an Guguan sojourn, accommodating both admirers Tang Empire culture developed, but also sad in their own homeland behind. When he heard Yansheng, moving nostalgia, the sound of shakuhachi Credit goes to the Pro family gave him solace. The next day in the bustling Chang’an Li then look for a shakuhachi, – this is the ancient civilizations developed cultural learning and the pursuit of symbolic expression, and finally in a three-masted ship east to return home with the shakuhachi Back Mishima settled. Hercynian off back chase remembered this scene, and then think of more than a thousand years after a few days he, as a Chinese, Han and Tang refuge, seen in Tokyo, Japan has been lost in his own country’s ancient culture was “healthy to live in the exotic.” , but also see the old backwardness “foreigners”, but now emerged as the modernization of the power, “Now their world, no matter how dry the outer comparison is always strong …… finally a world of peace and prosperity, at least a spirit of the world “(” vicissitudes set · shakuhachi Night “), while the back view of an ancient civilization itself has always lagged behind the country, culture, lose, people numb unconscious. (Brackets two line poem vaguely hinted Hercynian off in Japan between modern urban neon looking shakuhachi, which is looking for national culture has been lost, this layer by the author omitted.) Then, Here and now, history and display linked contrast, tension, heart Hercynian off the same as the old Fan filled with passengers, “Better go back,” the voice (but which emotion should be different), and further arouse his deep pain and bad history History Meditation: both sorrow behind the motherland and national culture spread loss, more sorrow in people for the backwardness and numbness of the crisis and unconsciously, so poets have “Hercynian customer wanted to bring back the sorrow of losing you,” the rhetorical question, to inspire people to ask thinking about how to inherit the national culture, revitalization of the ancient homeland of the problem. This is the “shakuhachi” a poetic sense structural clues. Of course, “shakuhachi” a poem inherent implication limited thereto, but very rich. The state in which both ancient town thinking, there are feelings of nostalgia read far, that’s good tan in the Japanese nation constantly motivated to learn, but also sad at the loss of national culture and the decline of the motherland, but also in the hands of the right people wake up, inheritance, and carry forward the national culture, the revitalization of the motherland machines shipped aspirations, I am afraid there is also a metaphor for all ethnic groups learn from each other, and promote, the prospects for peace thinking, so that from the vertical level, there is nostalgia, writing today and for the future suggests that from horizontal level, but also culture, history, customs, and psychological dimensions. These different levels are authors of “shakuhachi” as the core radiation or contact clues interwoven into one organic whole stack, and thus a higher broader sense, “shakuhachi” concrete and symbolically unite the poet of human civilization circulation changes and nations rise and fall of deep thinking machines shipped in expanding space-time poet and placed on the potential future hope of mankind, this is a profound meditation Zhilin history and breadth of the Department. Because the real “historical consciousness, although without sequestrum fascination” can not simply “look ahead” (“vicissitudes set · shakuhachi Night”), nor confined to one country one nation, but should be broad dialectical ground perspective through the ages, look foreign seas, can be achieved. From “shakuhachi” to see the author really “in a moment of ancient and modern concept, ask at the moment Cosmopolitan” (“Wen Fu”), or if Liu Xie said, “silenced condensate consider, think connected with the past, quietly moving, depending on Through Miles “(” Xie ‘), the idea of ​​the profound self-needless to say, but in artistic expression how much he has overcome the difficulties ah.

Panpipes are several branches of the same material sound tube, adhesive, tied, or frame in a fixed manner to combine them into one overall instrument sound tube in the interior with beeswax or cork block, playing, the airflow from the mouthpiece over the top, the inner wall side collision, the air vibrations in the sound tube lumen, resulting in a tone, as wax, cork different positions, air in the sound tube vibration period is different, so the vibration frequency different flow , thereby to produce a different tone.

Basics

Pan is constituted by a series of wind tube, the tube is press from long to short or long to short order, and they are coupled together side by side, at the bottom of the tube are plugged with a stopper, to form a separate blowpipe,
When playing, the airflow into the tube, can produce high and low tones.
Pure tone panpipes, soft and delicate, ethereal and elegant.
This instrument can either pan flute solo and can ensemble.
Reputation alias

Panpipes at different times, in different regions, its name is not the same. In ancient China, there are many panpipes reputation.
Xiao Ya, Song Xiao, Xiao Shun, Qin Xiao, Feng Xiao, phoenix wings, clouds flute.
We are not familiar with some panpipes alias: varies, than bamboo, Danso, bottom flute, Yue, scoundrel, etc.
Panpipes in the world has its own unique name.
Syrinx (Greece), Feisitula (Roman), Fry Apostle (medieval France);
Yves Nita (Romania), Antara (Peru), Long Da Duoer (Ecuador), the West Library (Bolivia)
Furthermore na Iraq, Mu Sika, Hao Iraq, almost pulled P are also panpipes name.
China has such legends: China first Huangdi Ling Lun had ordered official music musical instruments, he used bamboo to do the “mixed”, this instrument is composed by the different lengths of bamboo, so people say, “uneven.” “Uneven” is actually now called panpipes.
History

Origin
Panpipes when the origin, it is difficult to examine. Archaeologists provides us with such a speculation:
Around 7000 years ago, one day, some primitive bamboo found after being blown off the one half of bamboo swaying in the wind, while giving a wonderful voice. One of them cut a bamboo, put it in his hands, one hand over his bamboo bottom, then blow Zhezhi bamboo, even sent a wonderful music. Then other people have to act, they cut different lengths, thickness ranging from bamboo, made a separate different sound tube, which is the earliest “single tube pan.”
This pan flute playing is not an easy thing, each player holds a separate sound tube and arranged in alphabetical order according to some, they have to play according to the instructions in the command, of course, each person can only play a fixed sound. Later it was found that if these sound tube lined up, tied up, will be able to form an independent instrument, one can independently play a complete song, which produced practical value of the panpipes.
Developing
Panpipes Han Chinese invented musical instruments used in the new century music can be considered conventional musical instruments
In China, from the unearthed relics test, pan should be a national instrument.
Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes in China have both hands in a person with a forehand straight panpipes of the “Musicians Buddha” mural.
Historically, it has many names, such as irregular, cloud flute, Feng Xiao, also previously known as flute, but in the Yuan Dynasty, the official is different from a single tube of flute pipe (vertical bamboo flute), so named it panpipes.
Panpipes a fat one tone, varying the number of tubes, the ancient pan from the 10-24 tube.
Ever found in the world’s first pan was 3,000 years ago, the early Western Zhou Dynasty Chinese bone flutes, panpipes this diminishing by the 13 poultry leg length is made, the longest tube 32.7, the shortest tube 11.8 cm. Zhezhi panpipes 1997 Luyi County mayor bead Taiqinggong tomb, unearthed beam tube tube body with tape marks. Zhezhi panpipes existing in the Henan Museum.
This deposit panpipes earliest stone temple unearthed in Henan Xichuan One Chu, carved from a single piece of limestone, a total of 13, dating back 2,500 years has been from its waist strapping carving see, when the bamboo panpipes imitation.
This deposit first two bamboo flutes unearthed in the Warring States tomb, dating back 2400 years has been their unique shape, like a phoenix wing 13 are made of thin bamboo tubes of different lengths in order of priority, with three Road cutaway thin bamboo tube Chanfu, surface decorated with black lacquer red triangle painted paperclip. This two pan though the same shape, but the corresponding tube length are different, are a pair of “male and female flute” longish male and female is slightly shorter, the ancient pan often for male and female ensemble, set off each other, like men and women acoustic duet.
Todaiji Temple in Nara, Japan’s ancient capital of Shosoin in Tang Dynasty China still treasured legacy is two panpipes. Was in the “Todai offer things off”, the then called “Gan bamboo law.”
One is 12, by the rafters and tied together with leather made high 30.5 cm; another seven high 23.5 cm. Two have been broken, the old pipe plug with paper block, so tuning, repair recover after its shape very strange.

Institute of Music in Beijing China, the treasure a Qing Emperor Qianlong (1736-1795) produced panpipes, a total of 16, each tube are engraved with musical alphabet, process is very delicate, beautiful shape, the system also sets the shelves painted with two Tengyun sky dragon, rich national style.
1981 Jilin Opera developed a double plus key panpipes. This panpipes wide range, can play melodious soothing music, but also play light and lively music.
Literature
“The Book of Songs Zhousong are blind”: “Xiao-pronged move, sobbing sobbing Jue sound, Xiao Ming Yonghe patriarch is to listen.”
“Mailyard music”: “Big flute that the words and the small that the divination blocks.”
Don Du You “Tongdian tetralogy”: “Yong said: flute, bamboo knitting, bottom. Greater twenty-three; smaller ones sixteen. Long as turbidity, short is cleared. To implement its beeswax increase or decrease of the bottom and. “Most of bamboo flutes, panpipes’s presentation was usually wing-shaped, usually from left to right, according to the pentatonic scale or seven pentatonic gradually. Wings were arranged, according to six law six Lu sub-exhibition. “Pan,” said, began in the Tang Dynasty Zhao Lin’s “Because then recorded.”
“ZHUAIYULE of Music”: “Today the flute tube, is the ancient flute, flute party is a cloud of ancient flute, panpipes cloud clarinettist too.”
Yuan official said the ancient flute as “pan.”
“Yuan Shi-chi ritual”: “play bamboo two times before the trip, panpipes four times, four times a flute tube, plate four times, four times a song and minutes or so.” Look from the tube body structure, historical records contained in the row flute with open tube and closed tube two kinds, closed tube mainstream, take the wax back cover, adjust the pitch of each tube.
“Qing Hui · MUSICAL”: “pan over bamboo tube sixteen, yin and yang of the eight. From left to right, the column twice law, six positive law; from right to left, column twice Lu, six are Lu, to co-yin are. sixteen diameter are two points qili 40 cents two wire, its length the different. ”
Shape

Panpipes phoenix wing shape, rich national style, history and the number of tubes of different lengths, but are single chicken wing, Sheung Fung Wing Qing Fang instead.
August 1978 with the county, Hubei tomb, unearthed two first pan. Their unique shape, like a phoenix wing 13 are made of thin bamboo tubes of different lengths in order of priority, with the three sectioned slender bamboo Chanfu, surface decorated with colorful lacquer painting. This two pan though the same shape, but the corresponding tube length are different, are a pair of “male and female flute” longish male and female is slightly shorter. Often panpipes ancient male ensemble, set off each other, like male and female vocal duet.
From spring to late Tang 1600 years, the number and length of the tube pan are different, after the spread of ages and musical instruments craftsmen improvements, until the Qing Dynasty were getting shorter by a single phoenix wings, instead symmetrical Shuangfeng wing shape, and press law compiles pipe, flute tube hoop Son also bamboo tied by a rope tied into a wooden frame set.
Institute of Music in Beijing China, the treasure a Qing Emperor Qianlong (1736 – 1795) made panpipes, a total of 16, each tube are engraved with musical alphabet, containing twelve law and quadruple law process is very delicate, Wooden shelves also painted two sets Tengyun sky dragon, Moutain national style.
Panpipes is compiled of ancient wind instrument, shape beautiful, rich ethnic style. August 1956, the First National Music Week held in Beijing when, after extensive solicitation of opinions, the Ministry of Culture and the Chinese Musicians Association, to determine the pattern of panpipes, as China’s musical symbol – music emblem to represent our country rich history and colorful ethnic music art. Since then, the music industry in our country to foreigners presented medals and gifts, and would often printed with panpipes pattern.
Manufacture

The material produced panpipes many, Pleioblastus, thin bamboo, ebony, ebony, mahogany, rosewood, cherry, serpentine, rosewood, ceramics, glass, carbon fiber, glass fiber, acrylic, ABS plastic, brass , steel and so on.
In ancient musical instrument octave classification, the pan is listed as bamboo instruments. It is the length ranging from bamboo in a row, with a rope, bamboo grate pieces together and work together or inlaid wood frame. If the bamboo length of the same, then plug in the tube taken December (different shades) to obtain high and low have another musical. Therefore panpipes bottomless, back two, namely called “Xiao” and “bottom flute.” From the initial 3 Yue onwards, the number of tubes have 10,13,16,20,21, until most 24 per tube only made a sound.
In 1981, Jilin Province Song and Dance Theatre stone house ring shape of the original panpipes, based on the successful development of double tube plus key panpipes. Only one original panpipes panpipes tube; New panpipes panpipes by the two tubes. The first row of 28 flute pipes, on equal temperament, range from the (d2 ~ g4), located on four transpose keys by key flute tube closure can be achieved by swapping some purpose, and play the D, G, A, F, C5 a transfer of seven pentatonic scale. The second row has 22 flute pipes, blow hole half open on the outside, on the inside half open, mutually staggered across the canal, lateral hole flute tube constitutes G Palace pentatonic, range from the (d2 ~ d4), where the side hole flute tube constitutes C Palace pentatonic, range from the (C2 ~ C4). Two rows of symmetrical and flute tube fixed on a cloud-shaped wooden enclosure, the front inlaid with two symmetrical dragon ornaments. New pan flute mouthpiece for the clarinet style whistle, playing extremely convenient. Can play lively, fast polyphony, can also play melodious, soothing lyrical music. [2]
Different panpipes due to material, different types of connection mode is not the same torch, some rope, bamboo grate piece fixed, some with inlaid wooden frame up some glued together, some with fixed base. Some plastic pan is one, is a molding processing. 2012 also introduced a lengthy pan detachable base pan.
Genre

China was the birthplace of panpipes, Chinese ancient poetry literature books and records for the pan flute unearthed in archaeological those age-old ancient pan, enough to prove this point, but China is a history of the development panpipes dynastic history, panpipes’s playing skills passed down without order, pan flute music in the late Qing Dynasty in music disappeared from China, which for the Chinese people, say that it is a pity.
From the production process and performance skills point of view, is now the world’s most influential types of panpipes: Romania panpipes, South American panpipes.
Romanian pan flute are curved surface modeling, mouthpiece smooth, exquisite workmanship, feeling flexible, able to play fast-paced music. Such are the base, the most strong and solid and elegant appearance. The vast majority of Western panpipes use this type of pan flute virtuoso, Romanian-style pan flute keen amateur domestic populations are also increasing year by year, the current domestic Romanian-style panpipes main push.
South American panpipes simple fabrication process, the material is mostly bamboo or thin bamboo, a plane, there are cambered, with a single row, there are double, but the mouthpiece is rough, performance style are mostly original ecosystem, is not recommended in early Scholars use.
From the exterior, there are two different Romanian pan flute, pan flutes and South America, they are Chinese and Korean panpipes panpipes. But two types of design are subject to Romanian pan flute, pan effects: cambered design, smooth mouthpiece processing.
Chinese panpipes, which is the Chinese-style pan flute, panpipes similar kind of Romanian pan flute, but no base, pipe and tubes glued together. Firmness is very low, you need to pay special attention to keep it. Du Cong is to use this pan. There are also a small number of enthusiasts such panpipes panpipes.
Korean panpipes, Korean-style pan flute, pan flute is kind of on the basis of the Chinese pan with a curved wooden fixed, compared to the Chinese panpipes more durable, this pan flute, also known as “direct band row flute “or” hoop panpipes. ” This pan is often used as an exercise panpipes.
Antique panpipes, such as Tang panpipes, clear imitation of panpipes, such panpipes and more used to reflect the ancient palace life video creation, in the usual performances, rarely used in practice.
Role of significance

Panpipes pure natural sound, like the sound of the wind, the sound, the more people like to be classified as classical instruments, pan, pan flute music as distinct from the noisy hustle and bustle of modern music, pan flute sounds like heaven flow clouds, vulgarity, people used to the sound of panpipes praised as “the sound of Heaven.”
Different materials have their own characteristics, pan sound: Ebony panpipes pitched bright, light ebony beauty sweet pan flute, panpipes Pleioblastus crisp and elegant, acrylic panpipes ancient natural ……
Workmanship, pan, either portable, or at home doing decorations are fun to watch ……
If the tambourine, snare drum, drum, wooden fish, triangle and other simple instruments excluded, then the pan should be regarded as the easiest musical instruments, and panpipes entry is easy, rapid progress, less investment.
Blowing panpipes have increased lung capacity utilization, improve lung ability to breathe.
Blowing, pan, pan music can also enjoy the treatment of neurasthenia, depression, irritable mood, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have some benefits. And appreciation of the long-term blow panpipes panpipes can achieve the role of spiritual cultivation.
Panpipes learning

Panpipes materials
Chinese ancient pan flute playing techniques not been handed down, the domestic panpipes materials are imported from the West in recent years.
At present, the following materials and panpipes panpipes video tutorials:
“Panpipes new techniques,” this material is residing Phillips Koyukuk Dutch Romanian pan flute educator preparation, Jiang Yong introduction, hang compiled, it is a system utility for panpipes materials. This textbook systematic exposition of the theory and all pan playing skills. “Panpipes new technique” is read music, musical notation typesetting mixed materials, the material easy to understand, detailed, starting from the zero-based, step by step, little difficulty jumping, comes with a demo song for Imitation and accompaniment . The combination of theory and practice of teaching materials for different levels of panpipes enthusiasts.
“Panpipes based tutorial”, this material is Zamfir prepared pan wind compilation of professional materials. This Zamfir 14 years considered the brainchild of the rigorous and teaching theory and practice scientific and reasonable. This material is sheet music, musical notation typesetting materials mixed with 3 CD, including 40 song demo song and accompaniment. This material suitable for intermediate and advanced levels, pan lovers.
“Big boat in the pan flute school video tutorials”, which is the Swiss production house of the Romanian pan flute, panpipes educator, pan flute player, big boat big boat in the schools and in the pan flute, pan Brand, founder of the old Mr. Mo Ke (Zhou li · Mock) supply Chinese panpipes lovers panpipes video tutorials. This tutorial is a total of 17 sub-sections, the old Mock personally demonstrate, in detail for beginners and Difficulties playing panpipes, and lists some pitfalls. This tutorial has a high learning research value. The video tutorials to explain in English by the old Moke with Chinese subtitles.
“Douglas panpipes video tutorial” pan flute virtuoso Douglas Beishao Pu (Douglas Bishop) playing panpipes concisely explain the basic techniques, a total of 12 sections throughout the tutorial, easy humor. This video tutorial from Douglas to explain in English with Chinese subtitles.
Panpipes buy
There panpipes panpipes forehand, backhand panpipes
Forehand panpipes, also called the right-hand pan, players need to use the right hand grip panpipes, this pan pipe at the right end of the longest and shortest pipe at the left, the highest tone at the left end of this pan flute, contrabass at the right end, This pan flute and piano keyboard sequencer sort the opposite. Europe, pan, pan enthusiasts and masters mostly use forehand panpipes, more than 80% of the pan flute player using forehand panpipes, because the average person more powerful right hand, his right hand a long tube can be better and more bass stability control, pan, when the learning skills faster.
Backhand, pan, pan flute, also known as left-handed, players need to use the left hand pan flute, panpipes most of this length at the left end, the shortest tube at the right end, this pan contrabass at the left, the highest sound at the right end, this pan flute and piano keyboard sequencer same sort, in general, left-handed backhand panpipes.
Taiwan and other Asian countries have also used some pan flute virtuoso backhand panpipes, such as Du Cong, Zhang Zhongli.
Pan is divided tune
A pan flute can not play all of the songs, like pan flute harmonica, flute, like sub-tone, tone panpipes of C, D tune panpipes, E tone panpipes, F and G tune tune panpipes panpipes.
But the domestic producers of primary production of C, pan, pan, and G tune tune, pan, pan usually requires other custom tune.
Key of C major for the usual playing pan flute, the sound range suitable for playing popular songs, or to accompany the singer.
G tune panpipes panpipes learning is mainly used for domestic panpipes materials are imported from abroad, panpipes teaching but also with international standards, widespread use of foreign key of G panpipes, in recent years, the widespread use of domestic panpipes teaching G tone panpipes.
Number of different tube pan, range, different prices are different
Pan pipe a few more, the wider the range, the higher the price. But not that the number of tubes, the better, the key is to apply. Beginners best to buy 20 or 22 of the pan flute, panpipes if buy for their children to buy at least 15 branch panpipes.
25 or 25 above, pan shape, it is not suitable for beginners to use, pan, or likely to influence interest in learning. When skilled after, according to the play need to buy later.
Buy what genre panpipes
If proficient in playing the pan flute, pan or pan flute virtuoso lovers, buy what you can pan, it all depends on personal interests and hobbies, but for people who want to learn to pay attention to select the pan. The best selection of Korean Romanian pan flute or pan flute, pan flute mouthpiece both smooth and durable.

Choose what material panpipes
1. Composites: to plastics and other organic based materials, has a unique sound, cheap, because pipes are customized by size, arranged in a uniform ratio, ideal for entry-level and collective learning in primary school, and easy to clean, long service life. High-grade carbon fiber, pan, pan also fall into this category. Such panpipes not need maintenance, ideal for northern use.
2. Thin bamboo: also known as reed bamboo, reed shape both deemed as bamboo, thin bamboo harder than reeds, slightly behind bamboo panpipes in South America, the main material. The sound quality is pure and natural style of the original ecosystem. However, due to relatively soft material and wall thickness, is not easy to maintain.
3. Pleioblastus: is the most suitable for the production of bamboo flutes, panpipes is the main material to create professional. Hard texture, natural longitudinal fibers, good air permeability, creating a bright and elegant high-pitched sound. After gradually open sound, careful maintenance, the use of the longer sound better, entry to practice and play are suitable.
4 Shichiku: Not suitable for making panpipes. Black bamboo pipe wall thickness, and length between bamboo and bamboo short, made of a tube pan will average 1-2 bamboo, seriously affecting the pan flute timbre; because of pipe wall thickness, with the breath Many, even more than the wooden panpipes also need a very deep breath basis to blow. Advantages: easy to crack pipe wall thickness in the north. Disadvantages: Difficult sounded, sound in general, not suitable for beginners. Recommendation: Buy Nigatake panpipes, the North can buy wooden panpipes.
5. Wood: high density, hardness of valuable timber is made of good material, pan, such as ebony, mahogany, ebony, snakewood, rosewood, etc., wood smooth and delicate, clear wood beauty. Where high hardness ebony, ebony with natural fragrance, beautiful serpentine road wood, rosewood rare, wooden panpipes sound warm and full, beautiful gorgeous, deep and transparent bass, treble bright and subtle, unique elegance . Is both a musical instrument, but also has a collection value of the precious gifts. Wooden panpipes requires a certain atmosphere, it is suggested in the entry before you buy wooden panpipes to play favorites.
Of course, we can not ignore the climate impact of this instrument on the pan, the northern dry climate, if pan left unused for long, so thin bamboo flutes, panpipes Pleioblastus sound tube may crack. Southern humid climate may cause damp walls both inside pan, pan affect the performance of the play.
Dry climate in northern regions is more appropriate wooden panpipes, carbon fiber pan flute, pan flute glass fiber, metal pan, plastic pan flute lovers of the Gospel in the north, almost independent of climate impact and does not require maintenance. Southern humid areas, the choice of broiled, pan (baking pan) is more suitable. Broiled, pan, pan also Nigatake, through a special process, this pan is not easy to damp.
What price to buy panpipes
The price depends on the blowpipe pan materials, production processes and materials that several factors. Price from a few dollars to several thousand dollars, to buy time to the user’s age, enthusiasm for learning, hobbies and spending power level select different grades of panpipes. There are several broad principles to be considered in advance to:
1. Step in place
Is to purchase a low-priced, over a period of time to practice, increased interest, playing more difficult, and back to a high-end professional panpipes.
Suitable for students and general enthusiasts. Recommended price :100 – 600 yuan
2. Step
Direct purchase of a professional performance level, pan, pan as Pleioblastus professional performance level, the advantage is to practice on the familiar process of the team by a tube pan position, the longer playing panpipes natural open sound, timbre blowing better listen. Because no longer replaced, after the entry difficult technology to improve very favorable.
Suitable enthusiast enthusiasts, panpipes teachers and professional performers. Recommended price :600 – 2000 yuan
3. Increasing the value of
If Pleioblastus master boutique panpipes, wooden panpipes’s appearance, fine craft, good sound quality, pleasing, then the learner will suddenly gain in interest, so not only can meet the performance, recording and other professional needs, but also a gifts, as a gift, and its cultural worth far more than the product itself.
Buy a few pieces of panpipes
This also according to their own conditions to determine if the condition is not good, the first to buy a G tune panpipes are also available.
Economic conditions are good, it is best to buy two flutes, a 22 G tune panpipes, a 25 C notes panpipes, two flutes can be blowing up the world.
This instrument is different from the metal pan flute wind instrument, mostly bamboo or wood processing, then the instrument will easily affected by humidity, a pan flute blowing twelve consecutive childhood, it is attached to the inner wall of a lot of saliva, the tube wall wet hair, tone down.

Wipe the pan inside the wall, the pan dry, panpipes and can continue to play, which is its perfect sound ever.
If we do have two flutes, we can use the rotation, do not empty waiting, and waste our valuable time.
Summary
Beginners best buy branch 20 or 22 G or G-tune the Romanian pan flute tune Korean panpipes.
The best choice for high-quality Nigatake panpipes or wooden panpipes.
Poor economic conditions can buy low-priced exercise panpipes.
Economic conditions are good you can buy master or pan flute virtuoso level. Best buy at two panpipes.
Children can buy beautiful and cheap 15 or 22 G tune panpipes synthetic material (ABS plastic pan)
Select forehand or backhand, pan, pan, should be based on scientific and personal habits.

Supplement
Inferior panpipes poor appearance, diameter too thick or too thin, irregular arrangement. Mouthpiece is not smooth, poor sensitivity. Tone allowed, tone poor.
Inferior pan easily frayed lips, gas consumption, hurt gas, blowing one who will be able to make the play hypoxia, dizzy.
Where to buy panpipes
Panpipes this instrument in the domestic popularity is not high, in general, difficult to buy musical instruments, but Taobao provides us with a great convenience, we can choose our favorite Internet panpipes.
Beginners Guide
Panpipes is an ancient and beautiful musical instruments, sound ethereal and elegant, entry is easy to learn. Sought after by more and more fans. Panpipes one a natural seven pentatonic sound arrangement, ideal for zero-based, zero music theory music lovers of all ages. Learn panpipes, first a physical and mental pleasure thing, so when the mood is particularly important to practice, followed by technology. Theoretically blew a tube is equivalent to entry, combined teaching practice and improve.
Three basic skills
Beginner panpipes, one must master breath (breath), spit sound (tone) and mobile (interval) that three basic skills are indispensable when playing through repeated practice, in order to meet the high degree of understanding for future learning difficult skills , and lay a solid foundation.
1. Breathing
Use abdominal breathing. Inhale to maximize outward expansion abdomen, chest remain intact. Exhale, to maximize inward contraction of the abdomen, chest, remain intact.
2. Tonguing
First, to form a correct tone: Smile – mouth Bijin – to both sides of the mouth stretch – stretch the lower jaw slightly forward, do not expose the teeth. Tongue outstretched – lips pressed – quickly recover – while blowing. This action is repeated practice, and every blow a tone to be used for tonguing! Only mastered the correct way after tonguing before they can be played. Suggest a mirror to practice.
3. Mobile
Panpipes a one tone, moving accuracy has become a top priority! Moving, to keep the horizontal and vertical pan and the lower lip and the positional relationship of a mouthpiece, and each move the tube to be aligned. Suggested exercises to start looking for the second time when the pipe bit – three degrees – four degrees – five degrees – degrees.
In short, every practice should be repeated right and correct errors, when attention is difficult to juggle three starts slowly to act in harmony, forming a subconscious action, until “hand-to – mouth to – gas to.”

Pay attention to the issue
1. Just got panpipes friends, eager to put all the pipes are sounded, in fact, it is difficult to do. Panpipes most likely wind was Alto area, then bass and treble. Wind elastic to go through the mouth, spit and other integrated sound intensity exercises to complete.
2. No attention to basic skills exercises. Any kind of musical instrument practice, there is a gradual process, and the preparation of teaching materials are progressive approach. In accordance with the progress of teaching and presentation in order to practice is essential. Some friends from the first pick a few simple materials inside and thought, there is a direct blow their favorite music when Etudes, worse, basic training is not in place could not wait to pursue difficult track, the result can only be less effective.
3. Learn other instruments blindly techniques. Since there is no formal domestic long panpipes materials, many of my friends are practicing their own way, which is very easy to form some errors. In fact, the pan after the Romanians of research and development, has become an independent existence and has its own distinctive characteristics of musical instruments, practice also has its integrity and scientific. Reference is not a bad thing, but it should be based on full understanding and knowledge of the various techniques panpipes basis.

Panpipes maintenance
All pan require maintenance, because it is a relatively fragile precision instrument.
North-South regional problem can not be ignored, because the air humidity and temperature changes, pay attention to the phenomenon of custody is prone to cracking. First, do not set the pan in the air long bare, as far as possible into the bag after each use. Avoid exposure to high temperatures or sunlight, and do not put in the air, or from a heated house suddenly exposed to outdoors, bamboo is easy to crack.
1, if you in the north, be sure to note crack, especially bamboo panpipes materials, cold and dry climate in the north, especially in winter, no matter if the shelving, pan will crack. Northeast, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Tibet’s friends to pay attention to the crack panpipes maintenance.
Northern cracking method summarized as follows:
① attention to indoor and outdoor temperature, especially in the winter, when playing in the outdoor heated pan must take a similar temperature and body temperature to blow. You can use hot water bottle heating (warm), or as much as possible not to panpipes brought outdoors.
② must not be exposed to the air, not on the heating side, not the sun, avoid the wind. Often blow pan, to maintain the humidity of the tube. After blowing a steam pipe do not use hair dryer, let it dry and then put the package protected.
③ periodically wipe with a wet towel tube outside, you can keep humidity pan helps crack.
④ conditional friends can use a humidifier to keep indoor humidity, but also help their skin, oh.
2, if you are in the South, do not worry about the basic pan will crack problem, but should pay attention to mildew.
Southern mildew method summarized as follows:
① Indoor maintain proper ventilation, drying, but the same can not pan exposed to the air, not the sun, not the time to blow into the package.
② After blowing panpipes vapor will later attach, then the water vapor can be thrown out, and then invert the pan leaning against the wall on the desktop, so that the remaining moisture evaporates slowly out, so completely dry before into the package. Do not use hair dryer blowing, otherwise it will crack.
③ You can also use cleaning rod wrapped gauze or tissue paper, cotton and other energy-absorbent material back and forth gently wipe the tube wall, do not apply excessive force to poke cork or beeswax.
④ If improper maintenance, panpipes mildew has appeared, you can use this method to deal with mildew remedy: Put pan on a damp location about 40 to 50 degrees (not too hot) electric hot water bottle, and slowly get rid of the tube water vapor, the color of the tube to be restored. Gently rub moldy and lost. This approach particularly useful.
Also clean the inside and outside to keep the tube after each use wipe with a sponge brush evenly inside each tube. Easy washing, otherwise it will change the pitch; together with hard objects likely to cause or influence the sound tube rupture surface gloss.

Best time to wipe the playing process produces attached to the inner wall of the saliva, pan, you can use the smallest tuning rods above the wound on his napkin, in the course of play, every 20 minutes – 30 minutes to wipe a damp within the wall.
When the pan flute playing time is too long, the inner wall of humidity is too large pan, pan flute sound will decrease, which is to stop playing the panpipes dried before further use.
Do not touch the pan flute sound tube stopper, stopper position for the accuracy of sound quality and sound will be greatly affected.
Can not wipe the pan with a textile fluff inside wall.
Bamboo panpipes, wooden panpipes within the wall, you can periodically wipe nut oil, so maintenance is very good for the pan flute.
Panpipes attachments
Panpipes attachment is panpipes users to carry, use, practice, used when playing panpipes necessities.
Panpipes Annex includes the following items:
Panpipes boxes, panpipes package, pan rack, tuner, music stand, tuning rods, tuning plugs, mouthpiece oil.
The most panpipes

The most expensive panpipes
Crystal panpipes carbon fiber, which is a gray carbon fiber, pan flutes decorated the front of more than 5,000 tablets of Swarovski crystals, this elegant, pan flute pan flute virtuoso Germany Daniela Santos (female ) owns. Since this Swarovski crystal flutes as advertisements, so it so expensive, are considered priceless. (Video see extended reading)
The largest bamboo panpipes
Solomon Republic demonstration team panpipes, this pan is constituted by a thick bamboo, the tones as Katyusha rockets barrel, the longest sound tube about 180cm, Zhezhi pan flute sound forceful rough .
Largest wooden panpipes
Ebony king panpipes, is produced in Yangzhou, China yo ebony panpipes, this pan with precious wood processing in South Africa, a total of 28, the longest sound tube up to 66.8cm. Zhezhi pan is designed for internationally renowned pan flute virtuoso Douglas Beishao Pu (Douglas Bishop) customized.
Largest glass pan
38 glass pan, this pan is a Swiss maker of glass making, this is the longest sound tube pan around 150cm.
Minimum panpipes
ABS lengthy eight sound tube pan, with the value of the smallest playing panpipes, the longest sound tube 17cm, the shortest sound tube 8.5 cm, beautiful sound, a loud noise.
Brand panpipes

Foreign brands
Big boat in the pan flute (DAJOERI)
Internationally renowned brands, is the panpipes production house, panpipes educator, pan flute virtuoso boat brand founded in Mock, big boat in the pan flute is based in Zurich, Switzerland’s big boat in the school-run factory pan flute production, a large boat in bamboo panpipes are invariably, of course, is the world’s most expensive brands panpipes. Superior quality and nearly four decades of production history (early seventies of last century plant), for the big boat in the pan flute won a high reputation, many international famous pan flute virtuoso is the brand’s followers.
preda panpipes
Internationally renowned brands, is a Romanian pan flute virtuoso Ion Preda brand founded in 1967 in Vulcan, Mr. Preda turner company to do with mathematics and law school approach to different materials to do the test, and ultimately found a bamboo, Brazilian mahogany, dogwood wood, ebony, yew several materials and created the first of the Preda panpipes. The famous Dutch Romanian pan flute virtuoso such as panpipes educator, pan flute virtuoso Phillips Koyukuk Sons (Costel Puscoiu & Mihai Puscoiu), Alex. Passage Linke (Alex Syrik), Ryan. Kebo Man (Leon Koppelman), George. Like Mayfair (Gheorghe Zamfir) are Preda panpipes of loyal users. Preda production in Romania, pan, pan flute sounds good beautiful appearance, Phillips Koyukuk son of Preda panpipes Dutch distributor.
Domestic brands
Yo panpipes
Domestic brands, long panpipes melodious music by Culture Communication Co., Ltd. of Yangzhou’s products. Yo pan is the only one professional to do panpipes instrument manufacturers. Learn from foreign experience in production, with a “renaissance Chinese panpipes” mission, seven years, and achieved good results.
From the style of the product point of view, there is a lengthy Romanian pan flute pan flute, panpipes South American, Chinese flutes, panpipes and Korean antique panpipes.
From the material point of view, long panpipes to Nigatake based materials, as well as high-grade wooden panpipes, students and beginners to use plastic flutes, international pop material of carbon fiber, glass fiber production, pan, metal pan, South thin bamboo raft flute and so on.
Yo Pleioblastus bamboo panpipes use more than five years of age Pleioblastus quality, piping before cracking the pipe by mildew treatment, piping in accordance with the EAC standard size, and try blowing each tube eleven ensure that the overall tone unity, then plus sophisticated stringent production, so lengthy panpipes panpipes in China and even in foreign production sector excel.
Yo most valuable timber wooden panpipes, such as: South Africa, ebony, sandalwood incense in India, Brazil, pear wood, as well as snakewood, flower sandalwood, cherry, mahogany and rosewood and other precious hard to find. Wooden pan flute is both a musical instrument, but also as an appreciation of arts and crafts collection.
Yo pan synthetic material with carbon fiber, glass fiber, ABS plastic, acrylic. Wherein the carbon fiber and glass fiber, pan, pan sound quality in the international community praised again and again, ABS plastic pan has been extended to more than one school, the school receives a fixed annual purchases.
Yo panpipes product variety, covering the low-middle-grade, eight yuan -8800 yuan in all price panpipes. Objectively speaking, long panpipes looks and sounds close to preda pan flute, panpipes and preda also have cooperation, but also by the international number panpipes and flutes production house master who frequently affirmed.
Yo panpipes panpipes entry also provides free teaching, has been held seven, during which constantly refined and improved, now approaching maturity. Teaching to stimulate students’ interest mainly through training to teach some of the basic skills and occasional song, so that students are more love panpipes, conscientiously study and more end awards. It can be said that the domestic fans greatly gospel, panpipes not high popularity in China, online teaching will undoubtedly provide a learning platform for the exchange. General Introduction to classes after graduation will blow some soothing tunes, and according to his will conduct in-depth study (advanced courses, master classes).

Accent panpipes
Domestic brands, accent panpipes by the Hangzhou bridge bells accent bamboo flute musical instrument production, the plant was originally flute manufacturers, now renamed as Hangzhou accent musical instrument, since 2007 began production panpipes, originally produced only Korea style panpipes, in 2009, began to design and produce the Romanian pan flute, the plant’s main products have been covered by high, medium and low grades of panpipes. Since the bridge is Nigatake Copper Ridge township, the accent has been pursuing and promoting pan Nigatake panpipes. This is also consistent with many international famous panpipes are keen on Pleioblastus panpipes. Since many years of production and technology innovation, appearance and tone accent panpipes made great progress.
Masters of Education

Fa Nika Luca, the Romanians, the world famous panpipes educator, panpipes player.
He has worked in the 1937 Paris World’s Fair and the 1939 New York World’s Fair by the line panpipes performances, also in France, England, Expo, Egypt, China and other places have made many touring musical performances.
In 1949, Fa Nika Luca Folk School in Bucharest pioneered the first modern panpipes course, has made great achievements, three years after his music school in the city leadership. Since 1949, he has presided over the pan flute teaching, until his death in 1968.
Although Fa Nika Luca has not been too much education, music theory did not quite know, but he has amazing teaching talent, he founded an experimental basis a set of panpipes teaching methods, after the creation of pan flute classes Within a few years, he organized a team with the true value of the band playing panpipes.
In his lifetime, he successfully panpipes promotion of culture spread out.
By Fani Ka Luca founded panpipes playing genre of education, after the 1970s, there have been a number of influential Western panpipes player, they are Gheorghe Zamfir, Damian Luca, Simon Stan repair, Nikolai Pier Fu, Constance · Duobo Lei, Valladolid Simon, Damien Sheila Naru and so on.
Ark Mock, Swiss, panpipes world famous educator, panpipes production house, pan flute virtuoso.
The early 1970s, Zhou li · Mock met the famous pan flute virtuoso Zamfir, Zamfir pan in four years to teach him the production process, after which he produced the world’s best quality panpipes – big boat in the pan flute, and soon he met Simon Stan repair, repair Simon Stan taught him playing panpipes, then, studious ark Mock and more than a dozen world-renowned home panpipes established contacts , to learn from them panpipes playing techniques, he found each has its own unique pan virtuoso playing techniques. So he will be playing their home record, pan down, carefully designed study, formed a system of pan flute teaching theory. In 1976, he was in Zurich, Switzerland created the world’s most influential pan school – big boat in the pan flute school and invited the famous pan flute virtuoso Zamfir preparation of teaching materials for the school, Zamfir will own 14 years of ideological summary written a thoughtful shake the world of work – “pan Essentials” from 1993 to 1998, should ark Mock invited Zamfir to Zurich’s big boat in panpipes school teaching. In the ark Mock and his big boat in the pan under the school’s culture, in Europe and a number of excellent pan flute virtuoso grow up.
Zhou Li Moke given for the development of Chinese panpipes selfless assistance and enthusiastic support.
2006 Miss Li Xin aimed at creating a “renaissance Chinese panpipes culture” melodious Culture Communication Co., Ltd. of Yangzhou, in the company was founded, she was sent to Switzerland’s big boat Yong panpipes School Meet in Old Mr. Mo Ke (boat li · Mock), by old Mr. Mo Ke Yong hospitality. Old Mr. Mo Ke order to support the development of Chinese panpipes, his own years of teaching summarize the “big boat in the pan flute school video tutorials” and the famous pan Zamfir’s famous “pan-based tutorial” gratuitously presented to China row flute career promoters – Culture Communication Co., Ltd. Yangzhou melodious creator of Miss Li Xin. Jiang Yong coexistence with the day, he led Yong visited the pan flute workshop, to teach Yong panpipes production technology.
It can be said, in the ark Mock help China’s education and the pan flute, pan production process has undergone considerable development.
October 2009, the first Chinese panpipes Seminar held in Yangzhou, prior to the convening of the seminar ark Mock sent a warm congratulatory message, he said in his message (translated finishing translation):
That way you love panpipes and flutes on paying a lot of time and effort, I am glad that I am also very fond of this instrument. I hope you will be successful and continue to spread the culture of panpipes. I am very sorry not to be able to celebrate with you this happened in China meaningful things. But I sincerely enjoy it with you. When the time is right, I will look for opportunities to go to China to visit you. Always love you.
Jeori Mürk (Zhou li · Mock)
Wind, Chinese panpipes educator.
Wind has compiled the history of education in China panpipes landmark textbook “panpipes Essentials” and “pan new techniques” for the Chinese, pan education has laid a theoretical foundation.
He has recorded a “dream Ying Lijun”, “Europe Gold”, “foreign style”, “folk songs”, “South America Special” and album, the album includes these scores, demonstration dish, accompaniment dish, both can be used in appreciation, but also can be used to learn panpipes.
Adventure is the Chinese panpipes pioneer in education, in 2007, he broke through the time and space constraints, the first in the implementation of the pan-learning, training a group of influential domestic panpipes rookie. Can say: “panpipes excellence half out of its doors.”
2008 – 2011, wind Yangzhou Yangtze Tianjin primary school, several schools were nearly a thousand students panpipes training, received good results, Yangzi Jin after a year of training in primary schools, to more than a dozen ensemble song. Yangzi Jin primary panpipes demonstration team performances abroad many times, and even across the ocean to Australia, the children excellent performance to win the honor for the country.
A Tao, Chinese panpipes performer, educator.
Formerly known as Lu Tao, worked at the Yellow Crane Tower cultural troupe, under the tutelage of Tang Deping flute player, flutist Mr. Hu Guoqing. Proficient, pan flute, flute, Hulusi and other musical instruments.
As long engaged in the excavation of ancient musical culture, sorting, reproduce the work, so the pan had a keen interest in learning since 1995 playing panpipes, drawing on his famous pan flute virtuoso Gheorghe Like Phil, Simon and others playing Stan repair techniques, combined with his own music school for many years, has formed its own unique playing style, his playing sounds Atsumi, playing fine. giving an otherworldly feel.
Since 2008, A Tao actively involved in teaching activities pan flute, pan flute school at (quack video of the “pan teaching exchange”), one can often see his shadow, every Friday there he presided teaching programs, He panpipes for lovers of senior level by the line-spot guidance.
Representative works: “Voyage”, “same table for you”, “off night”
Pan flute music

Panpipes more expressive charm that wonderful music, pan flute music called “soothing”, pan flute music intoxicated, people aftertaste ……
Here are some virtuoso works, video, audio, see extended reading.
Zamfir works
Zamfir played a lot of work, there are some 50 album CD, representative of “the lonely shepherd.”
World-famous works of James Last Orchestra Easy Listening
“A morning in Cornwall” (“Ken Erwo Morning”) [3]
Du Cong works
“Across the Water”, “alone on the West”, “olive tree”
Zhang Zhongli works
“Goodbye Lilan Xiang”
A Tao (Lu Tao) works
“Same table for you,” “Lonely Shepherd”, “glass of wine”, “off night”, “voyage”, “plateau”
Wind works
“Best not see”, “taste”, “look at me”, “The Moon Represents My Heart”
Qingtong works
“Through the cafe”, “Hong Mei Love”
Greek musician Yanni
“And orchids together.”
Inadequacies

Each instrument has its own advantages, there are also its own deficiencies, for example, if sax to play “Traditional”, then it is difficult to play the saxophone on the beautiful tone, the effect is not playing nicely, should Almost like funerals less. So panpipes This instrument is not perfect, this instrument is not suitable for playing fast-paced song large intervals, such as “rush to go Kyushu” This song, pan flute player often refuse to play this song, intervals span, That sound and tone span, large distance through the tube, the fast-paced song, the player must find a good pipe precise position, and requires adjust breathing, rapid ventilation. Of course, not to say that all of the pan flute players are not playing a large interval fast paced song, and some pan flute virtuoso is done.
Beginner panpipes best practice some small interval, soothing music.
Pan flute playing, with the accompaniment of music played can better play panpipes beautiful tone, playing hide and breathing during intermittent defects.
If playing in the open field, that panpipes sound is significantly impaired, excessive moisture environment will affect bamboo panpipes and wooden panpipes tone.
So you want to be playing panpipes weaknesses, panpipes this instrument suitable for use in concert halls, interior corridors, stairs and other places there are echoes play, it is more suitable for the performance of the network of its own charm.
Development Status

Since the 1970s, such as panpipes in Zamfir driven home, panpipes to flourish, especially in the past two decades, the worldwide emergence of a large number of panpipes player.
Of course, the development of pan leaving television promotion, film and television works to promote the development and dissemination of pan flute music, and pan flute music to improve the visibility of the film. Zamfir’s “Lonely Shepherd” Making the movie “Kill Bill” leaving a legacy, the film “American past” people in mind, it is also inseparable from pan flute music rendering and contrast.
In the 1990s, Du Cong pan flute music in the field have high achievements, but he did not teach the pan flute playing techniques to the nation, since 2007, in Li Xin, wind, A Tao, who led under training panpipes is gradually increasing.
Domestic film and television work for the development of pan without a profound impact and substantive role in promoting, although manufacturers have produced video, pan, pan, pan and antique, but those few people who understand the film and television creative panpipes and flutes in history the important role of the ancient court music, few of them understand now panpipes music. Only recently a new version of “My Fair Princess” and “harem Zhen Huan Biography”, and occasionally can see the shadow of panpipes.
Pan flute lovers in the country since the limited number of pan virtuoso few, so the domestic far (November 2011) has not yet panpipes Association. Grading agency has not established panpipes, nor baked pan Grading system.
From the point of view of the production process, pan, pan increasingly perfect, there are many panpipes foreign producers, domestic lengthy panpipes sound quality and appearance of the proximity of foreign brands, pan, pan size categories and the development of new production speeds are beyond foreign manufacturers.
In China, production and development of pan to pan producers did not bring much in return, panpipes benefits and profits are not and flutes, Hulusi compared because all sales are subject to the constraints of panpipes.
If a pan producers, not playing pan flute, pan flute playing without training capacity, then the outlook is not optimistic about his business ……
As pan flute music panpipes own charm and the growing influence of the past two years, the number of domestic science panpipes also doubled.
Domestic panpipes sector exchanges with foreign counterparts are getting closer. American pan flute virtuoso Douglas Beishao Pu often panpipes forum in English with domestic peers, and give a warm pan beginners guide; September 2011, South Korea, pan virtuoso week visit Yangzhou buy large root panpipes, and played with their Chinese counterparts. Netherlands panpipes home, preda Netherlands Mikhail Phillips Koyukuk agents also went to Yangzhou, with their Chinese counterparts and learn panpipes gathering skills, and the establishment of business cooperation ……
Pan flute band

Many schools have set up their own western band, and now, the formation of a small western bands need to invest at least 300,000 – 500,000, when the band completed, school leaders will find out the results difficult band, because the band is the western kind of a combination of instruments, this band need to master all kinds of musical instruments music teacher, and a music teacher is often powerless. In the process, so that all kinds of musical instruments to achieve the perfect match performer, teacher training takes a lot of effort.
If the school set up pan band, very different, as panpipes band less investment and quick, two months to six months on the results. Speaking of input costs, the formation of a 20-man band, the choice of high-grade panpipes 1680 yuan, the investment cost of 33,600 yuan, 680 yuan if the choice of mid-range panpipes, investment costs only 13,600 yuan, pan flute band formed costs only Western band fraction.
Of course, the pan flute band sorely lacking is the professional training of teachers, the problem difficult to solve, and now advanced communications, panpipes producers can provide off-site online training school, training tutors pan band.
Yangzhou Yangtze Tianjin Elementary School Band is a successful example of pan flute band, this band performances abroad on several occasions, and even travel across the ocean to Australia, 17 September 2011, in the Great Hall to participate in the theme of “loyalty Xiangyang,” the Li Danyang solo concert scene for Li Danyang panpipes accompaniment. General schools western band rarely have this honor ……
Symbolism

August 1956, the First National Music Week held in Beijing when, after extensive solicitation of opinions, the Ministry of Culture and the Chinese Musicians Association, to determine the pattern of panpipes, as China’s musical symbol – music emblem to represent China rich history and colorful ethnic music art. Thereafter, the Chinese music industry to foreign medals and gifts donated by friends, and would often printed with panpipes pattern.