Muyu, percussion. Originally a Buddhist “Vatican blowing” (religious songs) accompaniment of musical instruments. Yamashina fold “ternary graph”: “Muyu, carved wood for Fish, empty them, knocking the sound, …… today’s praise Sanskrit Buddhism blowing all used.” Popular since the Qing Dynasty folk.
The origin of the name Muyu, take cover “fish day and night substandard eye”, it carved wooden elephant fish, hit it, thinking day and night for the commandment Road. When at a Worship chanting, and copper chime with each other for control through song.
Buddhism, Taoism General of Muyu, copper chime with a pair of inseparable’s truly inspired musical instruments, instrument cases are based on the essential instruments. Its size, form, material vary but will be commensurate with the size of the copper chime.
Shape
Muyu form of pellets, fish-shaped, hollow belly, middle of the head opening, tail coiled, its like head tails, back (percussion parts) in a ramp-shaped, both sides of the triangle, the bottom of the oval; wooden whip, flog head olive.
Muyu sizes, different pitches. Large wooden fish used in the temple, the front circle diameter of about 40 cm, the maximum of 85 cm or more.
Small wooden fish only 4 cm diameter circle, only in the Buddhist ceremonies “around Lotus” (around the temple) is applied. Frequently used medium Muyu there are five, round diameter 7-16 cm. Multi mulberry or piles of wood production. In ethnic band, with different pitches, varying amounts of sets of wooden fish, according to the five sound, seven pentatonic or tempered permutations and combinations, commonly used in light and lively song, sometimes solo short phrases, or to mimic the clip-clop sound. Muyu region of Guangdong folk art “Muyu Song” hit section of musical instruments.
Resembling the shape of the head Muyu is a wood products, appeared very early in our country, but recorded history than later. This particular objects, not just in the temple to be able to see. Back in Ming and Qing Dynasties, wooden fish has been used for court music, opera and folk music performances. Usually large wooden fish with mulberry wood or piles of wood production, the largest surface diameter can reach 40 cm or more, the sound is relatively low. Small wooden fish generally with ebony or mahogany, pronunciation is higher. Muyu used in the temple, roughly divided into two types: one is round, the other is a long strip. Generally, round Muyu specifications varied, while the long strip of wooden fish mostly in the one meter or so.
Muyu legend
Monks in the spread of such a legend: far away in the Han Dynasty, the emperor sent Tsukuang masters and two monks to Buddhist sutras, arduous journey, learn from way back in the boat when crossing a sudden storm comes up, an evil gaped fish lunged toward the boat, the bow by the book was a big fish swallow, two monks awarded by the sea with fish fight, taking the fish lives and drag it on the bow. Instant, calm, sunny, fish body into a sewage into the sea, leaving only the head placed on the bow. Metta mentoring with a big head back Buddhist temple, in order to repay the scriptures every day, beating big head I read “Amitabha …….” Day after day, big head was knocked to pieces, and later had a large head shining appearance made a wood, every beat. In this way, Qiaomu Yu became a Buddhist chanting habits.
Muyu name
About “wooden fish” in the name, first seen in Zen monk Huai Hai relegated to “repair the Qing imperial rules” of: “Muyu, according to legend cloud, fish often wake up at night, carved wooden statue shaped hit it, so the police faint love is.” Accordingly, when the Buddhist monks Muyu creation, day and night, not forgetting a warning monks practice intended. Previously, according to legend, the predecessor of Muyu but called “wood-bashing”, in simple pieces of wood, carved after the fish like, known Muyu. Nothing because of court music, it did not contain ancient official history. Muyu in Buddhism often used to accompany “the Vatican blowing” (religious songs), with a strong religious overtones. Ming Wang Qi “ternary diagram will” set: “Muyu, carved wood for Fish, empty them, knocking the sound. …… Today’s praise Sanskrit Buddhism blowing are used.” Since the Ming Dynasty, popular folk for rap Muyu songs and opera accompaniment. Qing Li Dou “Pleasure boats” contained, the theater was used for musical instruments in there Muyu. Later, gradually dance accompaniment and instrumental ensemble applications. Currently, Muyu except in Buddhist, Taoist music use, but also widely used in various forms of instrumental ensembles and bands.
Muyu Source
Generally, Muyu companion, which was created by Buddhism, then Ma Chengyu “Muyu originated from Taoism” that is indeed the true origin of Taoism.
Muyu Buddhism and Taoism are the most common instruments used wooden fish-shaped, with a long and round shape, elongated wooden fish used for convening believers, round wooden fish generally used in the Scriptures. Scholars believe that Muyu originally Buddhist instruments, and with the introduction of Buddhism into China from India while. However, this conventional wisdom literature and no clear basis. Mr. Huang Zhaohan in the “Muyu test,” an interpretation of the text, according to Jin significant “Buddha mind” about “three thousand monks of bullock mallet food” record, presumably if the “bullock hammer” is a wooden fish, then Muyu has appeared in the Jin Dynasty in Yutian, as local Chinese temple with wooden fish, Wong According to Tang Sikongtu (837-908) “on the street Thil nostalgia Monk” Poetry in Tang pointed out no later than one. Mr Wong believes that “even before the Tang Dynasty wooden fish are used before or police summoned the congregation of monks’ chanting as the latest in the Southern Song Dynasty Muyu use. Mr. Huang’s masterpiece, the author of the Muyu caused great interest, and Taoism use Muyu situation has attention. But I have found Muyu actually originated in Taoism, and Buddhism in India, without the slightest association, which is quite unexpected.
Song Jiashan Xiang “Utah Dragon” Kango says:
Ming Huang Kaiyuan years (715) set Kaiyuan imperial world view …… ten years both home Taiqinggong You Chi, Tai Wei Palace East are set to the north are God Yao old house set Ziwei Palace, Forbidden City Luzhou Qianlong set Qisheng Palace. And give Dagon crown, purple yarn, curtains, cross dragon, doors halberd, as the state palace. Puzhou dig for jade, shaped like a half months, the pound medicine complex like a fairy, knocking the sound, the more quite clear. Dili make real dollars hanging Taiyuan Temple Court, No. Yan Yue Qing. Zhang Qi Yu Chau played East are left behind due to repair Xianju Lushan ancient concept, was Yu Ying, knocking the Savaka a few years, so hanging Taiqinggong Holy Emperor Temple Chambers. Quzhou built to get a view of wear fish can grow three feet, which seemed to be iron, microstrip purple Bise, and if the bluestone carving light Ying Jun, power can also inhumane Scots, knocking the very loud, and its fish also can not name, sent tribute, Royal Order declaring Bailiao, nor discernible. Emperor is called for Swiss fish chime, still make hanging Tai Wei Gong, non-preaching Shezhai not hit it. So competing in various temples of wood and stone mold, in lieu set the public. (Three of the “Taoist” 18/30-31 page)
Emperor Wu, the Wu Jun Linping Coast collapse, the one Shek Kwu, playing the silent. To ask Zhang, huayun: “desirable Xiu paulownia wood, carved as a fish-shaped, hit it, then the Ming men.” So as words and sounds heard dozens 2.
Visible, Western Jin Dynasty, people have been using wood for fish-tung, as hitting the device.
Jiang Tao branch floating on the water side see a quince, take for the development, the image of the fish. There Taoist symbol prophecy and paper are within fish research, often self with, suddenly lost in twenty years. Dreamer who says: “I temporarily swim Xiang, Guo Xiang Jun temple was left by two concubines. This complex also can see the look on the occasion of the water also.” Road branch scold Dan, to the water side, see seine bidder a carp, buy sectional it, you must first break when prophecies and paper, square Wu is the dreamer who discarded. Eer thunderstorms, there are colored house gas, straight up into the clouds. Descendants had Xiangjun temple, Seeing fish research in two concubines side 4.
Five WANG Ding Bao (870 – about 955) “Picks of words,” says:
There is a question Tianzhu white elders says: “shag are hanging wooden fish, why?” The answer was: “to police the public.” White said: “What will result carved fish?” Elders can not answer, to ask Wu Bian division, division said: “Fish circadian co-head of a bad idea, forget Yiyu practitioner circadian sleep soundly, so that road.”
Muyu song
China Southern storytelling system Aspergillus species. Also known as the goof song. Popular in the Guangdong region. Originated in the Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty, flourished. Qu Dajun “Guangdong language” has been recorded in their grand performances. Muyu early songs are sung with the series with, and later recorded lyrics, after ChuanChao or engraved sung. This transcript or edition, named Muyu book.
Muyu song stage a storytelling system Aspergillus species, but different Suzhou storytelling, no opening, poetry, words, ploidy and White said. Later by the opera, song of the south sound boat, before insertion to put it plainly. Concert with the erhu, guzheng and pipa, sanxian accompaniment, also used bamboo hit section. Tune of “positive cavity” and “bitter throat” two. The former hearty and lively, joyous delight; latter gloomy sorrowful, sad lingering.
Muyu books have documented about 500 to be investigated, as many as 4,000 to 5,000 volumes. Content good and bad smells. There are precious scrolls from Buddhist stories and adaptations, such as “Hell to save the mother,” “Goddess born”; legendary for from the novel, such as “REN GUI to the East”, “White Snake Pagoda” and so on; also reflected social reality theme tracks, such as the description of anti-American laborers ban about “Gold Mountain guest sighed,” “laborers v. Hate”, exposing the imperialist aggression of the “state affairs v. roots” and so on. Traditional music with “Fancy Stationery mind,” “two lotus History” is the most known.
Playing
Playing, large corporations need to be placed on the ground fish-shaped wooden fish, small round fish-shaped wooden fish is the holding with his left hand, right hand execution flog head was olive wood flog percussion, pronounced short, crisp and loud sound is distinctive rhythm musical instruments. Commonly used in theater, opera accompaniment, instrumental ensemble, ethnic and religious music band. Muyu in the theater for opera, opera, JinJu (Shanxi Road clapper) and Tibetan opera opera accompaniment. Guangdong music using a long fish-shaped wooden fish, sometimes you want to use in the ensemble size of two wooden fish, a large wooden fish fat bass, treble small wooden fish fat. In the genre, blowing Ting southern, eastern Zhejiang percussion, Hebei blowing songs and other folk instrumental ensemble, a small group of fish-shaped wooden fish multiple applications, it is often used in conjunction with Guban to Guban hit remake, with a small wooden fish strike Pat. Drums in Juban, Juban Fuzhou, Fujian ten tones, Fujian and other southern music instrumental ensemble, the small wooden fish is an indispensable instrument, except for percussion pat, it will also send the sound of it, as the main tone a. In ethnic band, standing pitch different groups ranging from the number of fish-shaped wooden fish whole, they sound at five, seven or tempered pentatonic scale layout sets, used with light and lively tunes, sometimes to knock a brief solo phrase can also be used to imitate horses Benz acoustics. In Buddhism, Taoism music, Muyu both instruments, but also inseparable from the rhythm instruments.
Mission Fish Muyu Muyu folk song still apply. Muyu Muyu or sing songs known Muyu book is rhythmic chanting freedom body rap, in the past women used more by families in Guangzhou dialect performances, singing time do not blow, pull, playing musical accompaniment, with only wooden fish that hit the beat. Such folk forms began in the Ming Dynasty, is widely spread in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, Nanhai, Panyu, Shunde, etc.. Muyu song after singing opera absorbed as singing – kind. Lengthy tracks of “Fancy Stationery mind”, “Lotus history”, etc., short tracks of “pipa road”, “Rendezvous”, etc.
Instruments used were
Muyu Muyu, also known as the ancient drums, drum fish or fish version of its shape, usage and future generations are different. “Buddhism handbook” volume <Miscellany> bullock juveniles of cloud (Taisho 54.304 a) ︰ ‘Zhong Qing, slate, wood, wooden fish, anvil hammer, sound can set the public by key names bullock juveniles also. ‘”Edict repair Baizhang” Volume <adder Zhang> Muyu of cloud (Taisho 48.1156 a) ︰’ vegetarian porridge two o’clock hit a long two-pass, general please monks hit a long pass, S & P Please Walker two pass. ‘It can be seen, the ancient wooden fish is a plate (straight fish-shaped), mainly for the collection of monks.
Shape Source
As to why is for Fish, “Buddhism handbook” cloud (Taisho 54.304 a) ︰ ‘this monastery Muyu who can not cover the ancients Wood Park hit it, hit it like a fish too. And he will take the name of Zhang with fish, or take a whale blow Po prison whom Naruto also. ‘”Edict repair Baizhang” is the cloud (Taisho 48.1156 a) ︰’ legend cloud, fish often wake up at night, hit the pictographs carved wood, so the police faint lazy too. ‘
Origin
Song Xie Shou Hao “BI St. Clement” Volume written Luetong, end says: “There are temples Muyu from’re also the beginning.” (“Taoist” 17/861)
Seen in the Emperor Kaiyuan Taoist thirteen years (725) have started using Muyu than Sikongtu documented as early as a hundred years. From the foregoing, Muyu initially elongated, not only for convening Tao believers, but also for preaching. Ji Jin Zhejiang Quzhou Quzhou, Quzhou Taoist offered by a stone fish known, before this, Quzhou table Taoist or river stone fish has been used to gather disciples, or preaching. Why does the jade carved fish-shaped? Reason than there are two: First, the fish auspicious things; Second, superstition Fish artifacts can be issued even louder sound. This custom in fact have a Six. Southern Song Liu Jingshu “Yi Yuan” Volume II says:
Emperor Wu, the Wu Jun Linping Coast collapse, the one Shek Kwu, playing the silent. To ask Zhang, huayun: “desirable Xiu paulownia wood, carved as a fish-shaped, hit it, then the Ming men.” So as words and sounds heard dozens 2.
Visible, Western Jin Dynasty, people have been using wood for fish-tung, as hitting the device.
1988 Willow Township Jintang County in Sichuan Han Dynasty unearthed a sarcophagus Shuanma, fish, Tudor portraits, as Figure 3: No doubt, the same duo as hanging fish should be a buzzer, which means that the Han Dynasty folk has been used Fish buzzer customs. Sichuan Han Dynasty sarcophagus portraits mostly the immortal legend, Sichuan is the birthplace of Taoism, Taoist likely to have used the Sichuan Fish buzzer.
But you can be sure that, Jin and Song period, there have been a Taoist wooden fish-shaped objects. “Yi Yuan” VII says:
Xiangjun temple is located JunShan Dongting Lake, is famous because of Xiang Fei. Jiang Tao branch carved wood for fish, hollow, quite similar to the later round wooden fish, but for different purposes Bale. Visible, although Taoist Muyu began using the Tang Dynasty, but its origin was in the Han and Jin.
Five WANG Ding Bao (870 – about 955) “Picks of words,” says:
Tianzhu The elders do not know the origins of Muyu, and Bian Master’s explanation is nothing but self-deception. In fact, this time with a wooden fish hanging up shag but also one hundred year history. The strange thing is that in the very strong competition between Buddhism and Taoism in Tang Dynasty, the temple imitation with wooden fish, but did not lead to an attack priests, so that Buddhists will Muyu invention in the Buddha’s name.
Tang Taoist culture of using wooden fish, on the one hand of origins since, on the one hand and the Emperor’s preferences, whereas the monastery also gradually stained the wind, from one aspect of shock reflects the fact that Buddhism and Taoism.
Synonym
Also commonly known as a person with a stupid since! Muyu through wood stupid!
Significance
With wood fish, reciting verses in the percussion. It is said that fish often wake up at night do not sleep, henceforth woodcut Fish and tapping into the purpose of the alert to all non-drowsy laziness, should circadian ardently Dharma, until it succeeds.
True origin
Kee Chong Road, according to ancient records, wooden fish is from the Tang Dynasty, the Ming emperor period, is called Taoist congregation, preaching Shezhai use suitably device, from Taoism.
“Taoist” Chronicles Chongdao remember records, Quzhou built to get a view of wear fish can grow three feet, which seemed to be iron, microstrip purple Bise, and if the bluestone carving light Ying Jun, power can also inhumane Scots, The very loud knock, which the fish can not name, sent tribute, Emperor (Tang emperor Li Longji) Order declaring Bailiao, nor discernible. Emperor is called for Swiss fish chime, still make hanging Tai Wei Gong, non-preaching Shezhai not hit it. So competing in various temples of wood and stone mold, in lieu set the public. (Three of the “Taoist”)
