Han Chinese clothing, also known as Han dressed, Han Chinese traditional clothing, also known as Chinese equipment, costumes, from the Yellow Emperor ascended the throne (about 2698 BC) to the Ming (17th century AD) This four thousand years, in order to China etiquette culture as the center, through the ancient Han Dynasty push Chongzhou Li, Heaven and Earth formed millennium change ceremonial attire system. Since the Yellow Emperor, Yao, Shun hanging clothes and world governance, Hanfu has a basic form, after Zhouchao Li inheritance law, to the Han Dynasty and the formation of a sound system of universal access to people dressed, but also through Confucianism and Chinese legal system affected the entire Chinese culture laps. Han, Han Chinese clothing, Chinese, Han vulgar hence the name. Japan, Korea, Vietnam had a history of enacting laws to follow Han dressed system.
Hanfu Overview
“Chinese clothing” is first seen in the record “Han”: “After the number of Asaga, Yue Han clothing system.” Here, “Han” refers to the Han Dynasty clothing etiquette system, namely, “Zhou” “Rituals” “Book” in the crown clothing system, because Han Han emperor of etiquette system too often Suntong by the Shang and Zhou ritual system based on enacted. Han Chinese clothing “began the Yellow Emperor, prepare for Yao and Shun”, from the Yellow Emperor system Mianfu. Finalized in the Zhou Dynasty and the Han Dynasty in accordance with the classics through the formation of a complete crown serving system has become part of Confucianism Sacred Way. “Take Yin chariot, serving week crown” is the essence of Confucian Ruling Ideology. So later dynasties were Zongzhou various China France to inherit the Han Chinese dressed as national affairs, so with Twenty-Four Histories of Yu Fu. Dress for the recognition of the Han Han has also become part of the national consciousness. Five random China when the original intellectuals in the Central Plains and various sectors of the population have fled to the south, the Central Plains civilization retained fire, and gradually developed into a bustling southern rich land, the event known as the ”
Dress crossed. “Song Guo Jing Han dressed rather reluctant to abandon suicide to the Yuan, Ming period, interracial explicitly with the” Chinese clothing “to refer to Han Chinese attire, such as” Liao Jin into the country since after Taizong Emperor Han Officials with the South Course with Chinese clothing; Empress with the North squad Khitan court officials with the national dress, the Han Chinese clothing namely Five Dynasties, Jin relics also. “Jinguo Xi Zong or even” through Chinese customs, clothing Han dressed, do not forget their own words. “Manchu draw a lesson on clothing Han dressed, hair who govern felony. hanfu Suiwang.
Han is China’s most important and distinguished dynasty, is one of China’s feudal dynasties to the concept of centralized state the earliest and most complete, most advanced, most powerful dynasty, Han appellation resulting. During this period, along with social progress, Han domain local culture flourished, reaching a high artistic and aesthetic achievement. In the economic, technological, cultural overall lead in the world for the sons and daughters of the Han Empire has left an everlasting pride. Today, the main ethnic groups occupy the vast majority of Chinese – Han nationality, was named to the Han Dynasty.
Han Chinese clothing shape and hairstyle jewelry (33)
Profound, system is complete, a long beautiful Chinese clothes, is China’s rare a great wealth, is well worth every Chinese people proud. Han people objectively certain transitional historical stage wearing costumes such as Chinese flag mounted / dress / jacket, etc. must not be called “Chinese clothing”, because they are the real evolution of Chinese clothing is not normal convergence process. Han Chinese clothing has not been known for its strong vitality extinct until modern Han people of faith Taoism, Buddhism and some remote mountain, there are many domestic ethnic Han Chinese clothing are also maintained the characteristics of some of the important ritual in modern society, celebrations, folk festivals still see hanfu figure. Chinese clothing far-reaching effects, some ethnic Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Mongolia, Bhutan, etc. all have clothing or draw hanfu features.
Basic Features
Hanfu is Han ethnic heritage of 4000 years of traditional national costume, best embodies the characteristics and beliefs Han clothing, is a necessary component of Chinese etiquette culture through classics, Twenty-Four Histories Yu Fu millennium change. Each one features Chinese clothing are available in classics, Twenty-Four Histories, histories based on a subset found. Every nation has their unique national costume, Han Chinese clothing reflects the ethnic characteristics. From Emperor to four thousand years time the Ming Dynasty, the Han nationality by virtue of their wisdom and faith, creating a colorful Chinese clothing culture, development formed its own unique characteristics Han Chinese clothing system – Chinese clothing system.
Structure
The basic characteristics of Chinese clothing collar pay, the right of junction with rope binding, also combined with hook and so on, he plate collar, straight collar, etc. for its beneficial supplement. Structurally, the Han Chinese clothing is divided into ten parts: the collar, lapel, hem, sleeve, eradicates, sleeves, Gum, ren, ribbons, Department.
A complete set of Chinese clothing usually has three layers: Xiaoyi (underwear), in clothing, coats.
Overcoat
Dark clothing, front of clothes Yu, round neck gowns, clothes, Gui clothing, hakama pleats, Liang crotch semi-arm, backing sub-
Outing, Eli clothing
In clothing
Jacket pants, skirt jacket, anti-closed, in a single, curved collar
Background, warm
Xiaoyi
Han Yi (singlets), drawers, Dubi drawers, apron
Underwear
Han Chinese clothing
Judging from the shape, coat mainly “shirt lower” system (Couture in ancient means hakama), “dark clothing” system (the shirt lower seam put together), “Slip Skirt” system (jacket, that jacket), hakama pleats, “cut through” system (gown, Waipi) and other types. Among them, the shirt lower part of Mianfu for the emperor Baiguan most solemn formal dress; robes (dark clothing) is Baiguan and scholars uniforms, dress jacket was wearing women’s favorite. Ordinary working people generally with caftan brown (upper jacket, down a long hakama). Han Chinese clothing is one of the oldest dynasties clothes change comes even skirts or dark clothing was originally worn Oscillation feudal lords, since the Han Dynasty has been installed as the first ceremony.
Shape
Service name
Category
Clothes / hakama
Mianfu, Bian suits, hakama pleated hakama jacket, brown caftan, dress jacket, dress sword
Shirt lower, under the hakama jacket, shirt under the skirt
Even Couture
Crimson Gauze gown, Zhai Yi, show clothing, Tuan clothing, dark clothing, Zhu dark clothing, Costumes, front of clothes Yu
Dark clothing, gowns Shirts
Even Couture (pass cut)
Round neck gowns, public service, Liang crotch, hoodies, Sichuan shirt, soap shirt, gown shirt
Waipi
Fabrics and heraldry
Han taking fabric: brocade, silk, damask, Romania, silk, cloth, cotton, linen, yarn and so on. Zhou Dian it provides for silk, dyed to engage in dyeing. Traditional dyeing materials include: safflower, ebony, Lo Wood, hematoxylin, yellow tillers, green vitriol, amaranth blue, SJ, galls, Young Meipi, Bluetooth, leaves, seeds shell, mung bean flour and so on. [9] classical fabric dyeing comply with the ancient system, reflects the Chinese belief of yin and yang. There are six colors like six, says that young so like oriental wood, fire red so like the South, so as western white gold, black water, so as the North, like the day so mysterious, so as to yellow. In addition to six Stern, there are corresponding inter-color: crimson red] [yellow, purple, red] [green, red white] [red, green, yellow] [green, misty [pale]. Song of public services between the color is a color system, the public service five other: Zhu, purple, scarlet, green, green. Another deep Gloria cyanosis [Red], [red] scarlet, crimson red 【Big】 【Dan Huang Ti], Zhu [deep crimson].
Chinese clothing heraldry and its rich, Zhou “with pattern for your” representative of the Han culture, beliefs and practices, eternal ideas of the clothing culture characterized Mian people to be good, in the full respect for days, Longzu, courtesy, SHANGYI meaning culvert. Fu Yellow Emperor was the first with a heraldic coat jacket, embroidery referring back two heraldic hue. “The Book of Songs,” says: “The gentleman to stop, embroidery clothes embroidered skirts, wear jade will be, Shoukao forget.” Yu Huang of the “moon and stars Hill Longhua fire worm cases Yi algae powder m embroidery embroidery” Twelve heraldry, the day, month, stars Zhao Ming, like all things happen, to develop things. Shan Xing cloud, able to adapt to stick things JIZHONG with days. Huo-ming and inflammation, emphasizing sensible Chongli spirit. Another example is the tiger, Yan Meng; Wei, wisdom, like the brilliant set chaotic. China rice grain flour. Embroidery like cut can vote. Kneepad Elephant Back whisk in non-righteousness, or monarch could with mercy. Secondly, the “New Tang car service” records civilian robes Zhang Wen, a long ribbon luan title, cranes title fungus, Seocho title magpie, geese title dignity, Jun falcon title flower, ground yellow cross sticks and other names.
Adequate clothing
Adequate clothing Chinese clothing is divided into: shoe, shoes, sandals, clogs, boots, shoes. Yao, Shun later before serving clogs. Yiyin shoe on grass in silk for the sandals. Zhou hemp as shoes. Skis are Mulv Beneath those teeth, also known as clogs. Jiangnan with Paulownia as the bottom, with Po as shoes, hemp wear their nose. Grass sandals is made Emperor of the minister, namely sandals. King Wuling of Zhao Hu Fu riding and shooting boots from.
First served
Dress is an important part of Han Chinese clothing. Adult men and women regard the ancient Han York hair into a bun on his head, with hairpin fixed.
Han Chinese clothing
Adult men often wear a crown of crown ceremony, towels, hats, etc. in many shapes.
Crown crown
Kat Ceremony (gods, only human ghost worship)
MG Benten
Kat ceremony; Rites three plus
Wei Bian
Bingshi
Leather Benten
Depending on the DPRK, buckskin whom; coupled with the crown crown ceremony
Crown Benten, Buddhists cloth crown, mysterious crown
Hunting A committee appearance crown; Rites plus early
Babel crown, crown excursion
The emperor’s crown kings, before the mountains, as described exhibition Dong
JinXian crown
Civil service of the crown, the public Hou Sanliang, in two thousand stone the following to Dr. Leung
Cage crown (Wu Bian), Wen Hui Guan
Military attache of the crown, decorated with pendant first. Shake before mink tail
Fu head, his post
Lords dressed in uniforms with the
Parcels towel
Song Mingshi doctor’s clothing
Women’s hair can be combed variety of styles, married women and hairpin and worn in a bun on Zhu Hua, step shake and other ornaments. Bo temples temples decorated on both sides, but also wearing a curtain cap, hijab.
Han also an important feature decorative ornaments hi jade jade. There are accessories such as cover the knee, draped silk, socks, cape, leather belt, jade, Kua, Teng snake and so on.
Culture
Han Chinese clothing is from the “Huangdi Yao Shun hanging clothes and world governance” clothes evolved. Ancient emperor six, queen six, Costumes, Hanfu sword service system in the center, followed four thousand years. Mianfu is the root of all Han Chinese clothing, but also best embodies the “bad days” between China faith, more Han Chinese ritual Sizu millennia, with the world transportation Kyrgyzstan clothing.
Huangdi system Mianfu
Meaning
Source
Clothes made
Huangdi Yao Shun hanging clothes and world governance, the cover is taken from heaven and earth.
“Book copulative”
Under the mysterious yellow
Dry, and the heavens. Kun, and the earth. Tianxuan and to yellow. Therefore jacket Xuan, lower part yellow.
“Ching said Gua”, “Book of Changes Kun”
XII
I want to like the concept of the ancients, the moon and stars for mountain Longhua worms will; Zong Yi algae fire powder m embroidery embroidery linen embroidered to five mining Chang Shi Yu colored for clothing.
“Shang Yu book”
Twelve tassel
Emperor Ma Mian Zhu green algae, those tassel hanging Shiyou Er, France four o’clock in December also. Princes nine tassel. Doctor seven tassel. Bian Shi Jue, no tassel.
“Book of Rites Ritual”
Number tassel
Twelve men! Is that the one end, a star end also.
“Spring Xianggong nine.”
Emperor six
Week king, ritual objects on, but twelve, that day of Tarsus also.
“Spring and Autumn Duke Ai Zuo seven years”
Emperor and queen six six adding not only a symbol of Tarsus twelve days, but also represent heaven and earth heaven and earth, the five elements of Heaven Sunchime to represent the Chinese clothing two basic service system – clothes and dark clothing manufacturing system.
Clothes made
Emperor six
Days / dry
Three-chen (Sun Moon Star)
Qiu crown
Dagon crown
鷩 crown
Cui Mian
Linen crown
Mysterious crown
Dark clothing manufacturing
Queen six
Place / kun
The five elements (earth Muhuo Goldwater)
Groceries clothing
Draw out Zhai
Que Zhai
Ju Yi
Exhibition clothes
褖 clothing
Confucius surnamed Lu Yi Sun tuck the clothes, the clothes from the Duke of Oscillation, Nagai Song then crown Zhangfu crown. “Zhang Fu crown” refers to a Yin Guan, Zhou called Commission Maung cloth crown crown or Buddhists, governance affairs of state of the crown. Chuang Tzu is mentioned in the clothing samurai sword Costumes and clothing. Therefore Costumes robes later became. Costumes and sword therefore serve as the canonic Wenwubaiguan Chinese dynasty, literati and the samurai is Han Chinese clothing basic service system.
Property
Service name
His name
Uniforms
First served
Culture
Costumes (literati of the service)
Every gown tuck
Dark clothing
Buddhists cloth crown (mysterious crown)
Military
Sword clothing (samurai clothing)
After a short clothes
Hakama pleats (small sleeve jacket large hakama)
Wu Guan (Hui Wen crown), Man Ying Hu
Costumes: Zhu dark clothing
Hanfu is Han ethnic heritage of 4000 years of traditional national costumes, are classics in the crown clothing system to Confucianism Bible “Book of Songs”, “Book”, “Zhou”, “Book of Rites”, “Book of Changes”, ” Spring “, Datang” Kaiyuan ceremony, “Twenty-Four Histories Yu Fu and other classics, history, based on a subset of cultural etiquette inherited necessary component. Han Chinese clothing system demonstrates the level of Chinese civilization culture, family culture, political culture, re-entropy light cane, light weight long juvenile and Confucian Virtue. In ancient China patriarchal cultural background, clothing with Zhao birthright, and distinguish such prestige, not the role of equal status for Kyrgyzstan ceremony, Xiong Li, Bin Li, salute, Skyline dress. Remove the national affairs of etiquette, common courtesy, including Han’s home offering four crown weddings ceremony. Classics on Chinese clothing dresses are described in detail.
Han Chinese clothing and etiquette
Han Chinese clothing etiquette is a necessary part of China. China also known as “China”, the origin of the name on the Han Chinese clothing related. “Book of justice” Note: “Mianfu Hua Zhang said China, the major powers said Xia.” “Given the public Zuo justice Decade” Shu: “China has great manners, so called summer; there are chapters serving the United States, that of China. “China since ancient times was known as the” Dress for the country, ceremonies “, and” dressed “has become synonymous with civilization, but it is part of China etiquette. Dian Zhou ritual ceremony is divided into five eight classes, five ceremony include: Kat ceremony, Xiong Li, Bin Li, salute, Skyline; eight principles include: crown ceremony, weddings, funerals, rituals, rural ceremony, fire ceremony, towards the ceremony, the bride price. Skyline crown ceremony and wedding is the core. Rituals that Kyrgyzstan ceremony. “Zhu childish notes”, called “childish husband’s school, began in clothes Guanlv.” Dressed ceremonial beginning. Rites before, “clothing without silk jacket pants.” Have reached 21 years before silk fur clothing.
Rites ritual system is China’s first, also known as adult ceremony, the Canadian dollar suits, is a Han Chinese Confucianism start. Zhou Chaoshi doctor and 21 years Rites lines, and 15 years and crown princes. “Book of Rites crown righteousness” said: “The annals of the crown, to live by it.” Literati three crowning hanfu as follows:
Step
Significance
Service name
First served
Jacket
Lower part
Band
Cover the knee
Full service
Foot Apparel
Beginning crown
Court dress
Crown Benten
Mysterious crown (Buddhists cloth crown)
Mysterious end
Sergeant
Sang Hyun
Buddhists colored linen belt
Bird head color
Black sandals
Blue
Sergeant
Junonia
Corporal
Variegated skirts (three pieces black, after four yellow)
Plus
As the moon’s clothing
Leather Benten
Leather Benten crown
Buddhists Mai
White 素裳
Buddhists colored linen
Prime with
White sandals
Buddhists color
Three plus
Vestments
MG Benten
MG Benten crown
Xuanyi
Crimson skirts
Ziseshujuan
Leather color cooked bird head
Crimson sandals
Black
Excellencies princes and crown prince after the three-plus, but also coupled with mysterious crown. Hairpin rite rite of Han woman, that pull hair bun behind doing to the hairpin York. Xuan Note “Miriam Norris Rites” said: “The ceremony Jew crown hairpin female male also, the main women perform their ceremony guests.” Han had promised to marry at the age of 15 female hairpin rite, not promised to marry the two-year-old to hold. Press the “Song Li Zhi” contains the Song princess hairpin rite officiated by imitation Bastard crown crowned emperor three services: initial plus headgear, plus crown flowers, three plus nine Hui four coronet. Princess three plus hairpin Song Han Chinese clothing is as follows:
Step
Significance
Service name
First served
Uniforms
Accessories
Plus early
Mufti
Skirt back
Headgear
Qunrubeizi
Plus
Formal dress
Large sleeve dress
Crown flower
Skirt jacket
Three plus
Vestments
褕 Zhai
Nine Hui four Coronet
Dark clothing
IX Zhai, cover the knee
A wedding is one of Skyline. Song regime, the man more than four items to Mianfu marriage, Nine more to MG Benten dress married commoners to marry crimson public service. Woman to marry ceremony clothing or even skirts.
Zhou system Weddings
Man wedding dress
Woman’s wedding dress
Emperor
Twelve tassel Mianfu
Flower hairpin twelve tree Zhai Yi
Princes
鷩 crown Mianfu
Flower hairpin ceremony clothes clothing or Ju
Sub male
MG Benten clothing
Even big sleeves skirts or show clothes
Shishu
Crimson public service
Green even Changhuotuanyi
Ritual is a ritual Sizu of etiquette, is China’s highest etiquette. Vestments including six coronal and MG Benten. Bian Shi Jue deacon clothing, vestments own mysterious ends. Tuan Yi Shi’s wife serving deacon.
Chinese clothing styles and characteristics
Han Chinese clothing style what is it? With a few words to describe that: solemn, atmospheric, elegant, agile.
If we compare the Han nationality in Europe, then we will find that in many ways, both are showing significantly different. Han Chinese clothing for thousands of years the overall style is light and easy-based. Han ancient robes can best embody the style, the main characteristics of this Kuanpao robes. Big sleeves, Bo clothing praise band shape is simple, but a person who will wear to every one of the same, look Distinct, highly adaptable.
Although we can not see such a mix of clothing prototype, but we still can from the Han dynasty and Tang Wei, the legacy of some of the portraits in the appearance of God glimpse of one of its two – simple shapes attached Han mounted coat different body figures who suddenly has a fresh vitality, soft lines and smooth, it is the imagination. Straightforward and simple and easy costume but adds to them a natural charm. Robes, fully embodies the Chinese nation ease and elegance soft tranquility detached, poised national character, as well as simple and natural, subtle and tactful, elegant and fresh aesthetic appeal.
(1) Historic
Dressed in fashion violent force has disappeared, Han Chinese clothing tends to renaissance.
(2) Inheritance
Han Chinese clothing History inheritance that has inheritance. During this long period of time, the historical development of Chinese clothing has followed from generation to generation, ages relative to the passage of the characteristics, which reflects the historical development of Chinese clothing inheritance.
(3) Diversity and Identity
Diversity and identity refers to the diversity of styles and Han Chinese clothing Chinese clothing type system (or style) identity. As a country with thousands of years of history of things, Han obedience is not a style, “shirt lower”, “dark clothing”, “dress jacket” and other variety of styles embodied as a long-standing ethnic diversity should dress . While Han Chinese clothing has always been rich in style, but the basic shape of Chinese clothing (or style), “the right of junction cross collar, no buttons, but with the rope binding” feature is unchanged through the ages, this is the identity of Chinese clothing. Identity and unity in diversity is a major feature of Chinese clothing.
(4) Completeness
Completeness refers to the Han Chinese clothing completeness own internal system. After years of development, the Chinese clothing is already a mature dress up, it is not only the internal variety, sophisticated technology, and Han Chinese clothing accessories are also very diverse and rich.
(5) blending
Blending refers to the Han Chinese clothing and blending traditional culture, Chinese clothing in a large
Extent it has been regarded as a symbol of authentic traditional culture and Chinese clothing itself everywhere embodies the traditional culture, Chinese clothing and traditional culture is a harmonious one.
Hanfu Movement purpose and specific practice
Hanfu Movement purposes include:
(A) in Han Chinese clothing as an opportunity to guide people to re-examine the Han culture, aesthetics and the corresponding pure renaissance thinking concept,
(2) as an opportunity to discriminate Chinese historical trajectory of development, focus on the Manchu and other foreign influence and even endanger national history
(3) based on this historical analysis, analyzing the development of traditional Chinese philosophy technological ideas and merits of the rheological
(4) enhance national self-determination, self-confidence, and enhance cohesion.
(5) correct social psychology, philosophy of education amendment, seeking to establish social knowledge, beliefs seeking justice
(6) the growth of China’s creativity to make a foreshadowing
(7) To make China into the development of world civilization on track to make a foreshadowing
(8) In order to contribute to the development of world civilization across the force
Specific practice
1, the research service system, promote Chinese clothing
2, to restore traditional festivals
3, the revival of traditional etiquette
4, worship martyrs
5, the promotion of traditional doctrine
6, the traditional instruments missionary
Historical development
Han Chinese clothing is profound, “Glory be traced down to the Song, the Han (when compared with the pre-Qin Huaxia) clothing worn by the people based and developed on the basis of a clear evolved a unique style of the series clothing collection. ”
So defined Hanfu – Chinese nation’s traditional costumes, mainly based on the nature of the following three considerations: First: Han Chinese clothing nationality, namely the Han ethnic Han Chinese clothing is clothing. The clothing worn by ancient Chinese barbarian can not be called Chinese clothes. Nation is a whole concept, so a barbarian worn by Han Chinese clothing, also can not be called Han Chinese traditional costumes.
Second: the development of traditional Chinese clothing, and traditional and must be divided into two aspects, namely, inheritance and unity. Chinese clothing inheritance in: Han Chinese clothing can be traced back to the origins of ancient Chinese Emperor period and style has been retained heritage and continuous evolution. Hanfu unity manifested in the period to the Song from the Yellow Emperor in China’s vast land, which lasted nearly five years in the time span, the breadth and millions of square kilometers of space, all Han Chinese clothing in its mainstream have common characteristics. That is, the right of junction, big sleeves, dark clothing as a typical representative.
Third: the natural development of Chinese clothing, namely non-external force, the Han Chinese in the case voluntarily, usually not easily perceived by people obviously a natural development, which is also the general things or conventional law of cultural development. The natural evolution of Chinese clothing, it is a national heritage of traditional costumes basis, that certain things or culture, in its own development path of normal legitimate under the direction of evolution. Its direction can be a general rule, forward trace its source, you can also predict the backward direction.
Under this definition, the ancient Chinese, in addition to clearing equipment, so long as the late Ming Han Chinese clothing worn before, no matter the style, geography, integration, differentiation, development, and can be called Han Chinese clothing, ancient and modern costumes, costume Chuqing outside, although the ancient differ, in accordance with traditional rational restructuring, so strictly speaking, can not be called Chinese clothes. The Han Chinese clothing is very easy with the naked eye it with other traditional costumes (including full, dress, modern fitted) separated, and now this Chinese clothing, and there are known as “costume (Chuqing mounted outside).”
Qing Dynasty costumes, move back, from the Manchu clothing, backward observation, but also non-traditional Chinese clothes. So while worn by Han Chinese, but do not meet the Han Chinese traditional costumes of the “traditional” elements, it is not included in the Han] service category; while the Han Chinese clothing worn today, and its origins are mainly from the West, “costume” jacket, dress other major (to distinguish between primary and secondary) origins from the Manchu traditional clothing, it is not known as: Han] family “traditional clothing.” That is, to distinguish, a Han Chinese clothing worn by the Han people as a whole and the distinction between traditional costumes. Han Chinese clothing is the world’s oldest national dress one.
Kind support in the absence of archaeological era before the emergence of the earliest Chinese clothing should be the Shang Dynasty (according to history records, the Chinese clothing to form a complete system should be the Shang Dynasty)
About 5,000 years ago, the Chinese in the Neolithic Yangshao period, gave rise to primitive agriculture and textiles and began to do with woven linen clothes, and later invented the feeding silkworms and silk spinning, people’s costumes getting more complete. Shang later Costume system initially established, the Western Zhou Dynasty, apparel system gradually formed. The late Zhou Dynasty, due to political, economic, ideological and cultural drastic changes have taken place, especially one hundred costumes perfect doctrine has a certain impact, vassal state between costumes and customs have begun on significantly different. And create dark clothing. Crown service system were included in the “Rites” range, became ceremonial manifestations, from China’s dressed more detailed preparation service system. “The clothes of the ancient passage up and down dark clothing, also on behalf of the times characterized by dark clothing clothing, dark clothing for the ancient service of the real characteristics of ancient clothes made, should first and the. What dark clothing,” Book of Rites deep clothing “Conn Justice said:” So who said dark clothing to I serve you, shirt lower not connected, this dark clothing clothes are connected by the body deep, so that the dark clothing. “The system as described in” The Book of Rites dark clothing. “The most important ones is” continued ren, crochet. To slit halfway down. Grid of heights, can be shipped elbow. The length of the sleeve, the anti humble and elbow …… sleeve round to meet regulations, such as the moment in music clip should be square, negative rope and ankle to be straight …… plain sleeve, edge, plain edge, each half inches wide. “In short, dark clothing of the system, in fact, ancient clothing of the first, dark clothing in the leaders group clothing, not just in its institutional form, and up and down through the clothes, in time, pop the longest. Danlin” Book of General · WANG Li exam · monarch crown dress, “says:” by three generations, the clothes of the system, which can test the seer, although one, then in addition to Mianfu addition, only mysterious end (end clothing) dark clothing both its most widely used. Mysterious end is from the emperor to disabilities, can be clothes, dark clothing is from the emperor to common people can be served the …… As for dark clothing, then tailoring seam ren, moving together etiquette, so cheap can be served, the Zheyi can be served, the court can be served, Yan also serve private, old-age service of the emperor, the princes to sacrifice serving meals, serving them with evening view Bureaucrats private, common people serving them with Bin Ji, also never had a level cap also. End clothing is not cut pieces, not evil to kill, not round sleeve, not following the cover, not extravagant sleeve. Eight feet eight inches long its balance of each piece are two feet two inches long wide, square Founder, so that the end. Their skirts, three pieces, after four, have accumulated numerous monarch, that the unique clothes. The ancients had a “side toward the mysterious, evening dark clothing.” (Reference Huang Xianfan the “classics its Interpretation”)
1644 Qingjunruguan to Manchuria to establish a semi-human-centered, semi-slavery. Manchu order to consolidate its rule, the ministers also organized learning “King Sejong of the century”, warned ministers not to learn Han Chinese customs, from the Northern Wei to Jin and Yuan “Where the Changing Han dressed who died …… Where are all the world once again method used in the original have their own way, this is also the so-called ritual forget it since the beginning of the Northern Wei Dynasty, says there are easy to service, to float Liao Yuan Mu dwellers good name. ” Once you from learning Chinese customs, like the left handed over to others, “and then eat flesh upon others.” To combat, enslaving the majority Han Chinese people, especially the upper class people (scholars) of the national spirit, in order to maintain Manchu dominance. Manchu rulers ordered the country Dressed in fashion, causing nationwide anger, resentment and armed resistance, followed by the Manchu rulers of force in the bloody crackdown and massacre, the Chinese clothing gradually disappearing
Dematerialisation period
In-kind support all existing archaeological era prior to some ancient view is that the Han (and their ancestors) has a unique clothing system.
For example, “Historical Records” that “China clothes for the Emperor by the system.” “Before the Yellow Emperor, no clothes houses., And the Yellow Emperor made houses made clothes, camp funeral, and the people kept it free
The difficulty of death. “(” Historical Records “Volume Wudi first)
Some people think (Note: without sufficient archaeological data support): About 5,000 years ago, China’s Yang Shao culture in the Neolithic period, it produced a primitive agriculture and textiles and began to do with woven linen clothes, after the invention of feeding silkworms and silk spinning, people’s costumes getting more complete. Yellow Emperor crown crown appeared, apparel system gradually formed. Xia and Shang later Costume system initially established, the Western Zhou Dynasty, and gradually complete. The late Zhou Dynasty, due to political, economic, ideological and cultural drastic changes have taken place, especially one hundred costumes perfect doctrine has a certain impact, vassal state between costumes and customs have begun on significantly different. And create dark clothing. Crown service system were included in the “Rites” range, became ceremonial manifestations, from China’s dressed more detailed preparation service system.
Real time
Han Chinese clothing
Han Chinese clothing system since the Zhou Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, three thousand years, the basic characteristics of the Han Chinese clothing is that there are no major changes. Until three hundred years ago, the early Qing Dynasty, was the collapse of the clothing system. In 1644 after the demise of the Ming and Qing Ming at war with the Qing rulers in order to weaken the Han Chinese ethnic identity, in order to achieve the purpose of unification of China, and vigorously promote the Manchu Manchu hairstyle and clothing, prohibiting people wearing Han costumes, history called “Dressed in fashion” (“Dressed” but also as “shaved”). This makes the Chinese clothing gradually disappearing. At that time the descendants of Confucius Duke Yansheng Kong Wen Biao Duoergun letter requesting save Confucian family apparel, said: “The first of the cases …… holy ceremony scheduled for the ceremony of the major and Mo in the Champion Hill home dressed clothes …… but, three years Easy to never change …… “was Duoergun rejected. Today’s dress, gown, jacket are based Manchu costumes as the main improvement and evolved.
Revolution overthrew the Manchu aristocracy, the people’s minds tend to westernized, wearing Western-style clothing, no recovery hanfu. But in the 21st century, with the development of China’s national strength, people began to look at ourselves in the best part of the traditional culture. Some people recover propaganda again and dressed in traditional Chinese clothing Chinese clothing to promote.
Style Changes
Han served as the center of the shape to classics by Yu Fu lineage, the Millennium to strictly follow the ritual dress has not changed much. People dressed in uniforms, along with the changing times more abundant. Spring and Autumn Period, roughly followed the Shang Dynasty costumes clothing is merely a slight change. Style of clothes a little loose than the Shang Dynasty, the size of the sleeves have two type, universal moments neck collar, no twist buckle, usually at the waist lace, some still hanging on the belt jade ornaments. There are two main belt at the time: a kind of silk fabric, called “big band” or called “gentry belt”; another belt made of leather, called “leather belt.” Then there Qu garment dark clothing, and other apparel, except that this characteristic shirt lower part is connected, there is an obvious difference, called “continued ren crochet.” “Ren” is the skirt, “continued ren” is to take a long skirts, “crochet” is to describe the style of skirt. It has changed more in the next styled panties over clothing tailoring method, the left front and rear skirts stitched piece and back piece skirts lengthened to form a triangular rear skirts to wear when Raozhi behind, and then tie belt line.
Qin is still dark, so dress Qin standard color is black. But the design is still the right of junction cross collar dajin this. Basically followed the Warring States period. Han men’s clothing styles, roughly divided into curved hem, straight hem two kinds. Qu garment, is a popular dark clothing Warring States Period, Han Dynasty are still used, but more common in the early Western Han Dynasty. To the Eastern Han Dynasty, the man wearing dark clothing who have rare, generally for direct garment of clothing, but not as a formal dress. Qin and Han Dynasties song garment not only men to wear dark clothing, but also the women’s wear is the most common form of costumes, this clothing Tongshen Jinzhai long can drag hem generally trumpet-shaped, the line does not reveal enough. There are two type width sleeves, cuffs mostly trim. Collar portion is quite distinctive, usually cross collar, neckline low, in order to expose the coat. Such as wearing few clothes, each collar will be exposed on the outside, most of three or more, was called “triple clothes.” In addition, Han tight sleeves tight around the lapel dark clothing. Clothes after several turns, Raozhi buttocks, and then use ribbons line bundle, clothing is also painted beautifully ornate patterns.
Han garment straight men and women wear. This dress had already appeared as early as the Western Han Dynasty, but not as a formal dress, because the ancient pants are crotchless, only two sets of legs to the knee, with a string tied around his waist. This non-crotch pants worn on the inside, if you do not cover your coat, pants will be exposed, which at the time was considered contemptuous disrespect thing, so curved outer garment to wear dark clothing. Later, with increasing completeness of clothing, pants improved forms, there are crotch pants (referred to as “Kun”). Because underwear improvements, Qu garment around the lapel dark clothing is redundant, so to the Eastern Han Dynasty, the increasing popularity of direct garment and replacing dark clothing.
Wei and Jin Dynasties, men’s clothing has period features, generally wear big sleeves elegant tunic. Until Southern Dynasties period, this tunic still men at all levels of the hobby has become a fad.
Han Wei and Jin Dynasties women’s clothing inherited the relic, an improvement on the traditional basis, usually wearing a shirt, jacket, jacket, wearing a skirt, style, under the upper frugal abundance, tight clothing and body parts fit, cuffs hypertrophy , dress for the multi-folds, skirt, skirt long drag, loose hem, so as to achieve handsome, chic effect.
Tang, officials Xiupao narrow round neck sweater to wear in addition to outside, in some important occasions, such as sacrificial ceremony is still wearing the dress. Dress style, multi-Sui Dynasty inherited the old system, wearing a turban or a referral cage crown, wearing a big breasted sleeved shirt, under a Wai Sang, jade ribbon group and so on. Tang jacket skirt is women’s primary costumes. In the Sui and early Tang period, women’s short sleeve jacket is a small, under a tight-fitting dress, skirt waist high lines, are generally above the waist, and some even lines in the armpit, and ribbon tied tie, giving a pretty slender feeling. Tang era dress jacket more spacious than some of the early Tang Dynasty, the other without much change.
Hanfu impact
Han served as Huaxia Ru teach benevolent cultural communication and far-reaching, around the nation, including many other Confucian cultural background (Chinese cultural circle) countries to emulate China through Chinese clothing etiquette system draws on some of the features, for good and bad military Jiawu Li Bin. In addition, the Huaxia Bin ceremony also provides Shii monarch must wear their own clothing to appear before the Chinese emperor, called “Fan master serving his national service.” Han and Tang vassal regime, leaders around the nation there regularly appear before the emperor’s so-called “North Korea set” system. Whether or foreign monarchs and their courtiers towards Ye Chinese envoy emperor to accept office, contributions to square things, or Chinese emperor entertain foreign monarch, foreign monarchs have to wear the national dress Bong ceremony. National service system around the nation to promote the formation of their national costumes. For example, the Khitan Taizong to Shanxi, contact the Central Plains dressed system, go north after service system developed with reference to the Central Plains toward national service with the Han Chinese clothing system. Dynasties of “Tribute map” depicting him of State to make costumes.
Xianbei
Emperor Xiaowen forbidden to wear Xianbei clothing, always change the Han clothing. 495 January 13 (Wo eighteen second day of December). Emperor Xiaowen vigorously implemented a series of Chinese policy, the main contents are:
Xianbei forbidden to wear clothing, all changed with the Han Chinese clothing;
Forbid Xianbei words with Chinese as the only common language;
Xianbei people who moved to Luoyang, all Luoyang as origin, was buried in Luoyang, not allowed to bury pyongsong;
But Xiaowen overcame many obstacles to implement “Assimilating Barbarians with” clothing reform, to the east, Western Wei and wantonly involution.
Japan
Kimono, known in Japan as “the thing” or “Gofuku”, meaning from China’s Wu (now Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces) came clothing. Nara era in Japan, that China’s Tang Dynasty, Japan sent a large number of QianTangShi so that Chinese learning Chinese culture and arts, precepts system, which also includes dressed system. At that time they also imitate the Tang system promulgated the “clothes make”, “pension order” system is used to mimic the Tang Dynasty court dress ceremony throne, crown ceremony, wedding ceremonies and other Rites. Yuan emperor ordered the whole of Japan is to switch to the right of junction. Late Heian samurai forces to grow, to follow public hunting clothes dress costume making, uniforms water dry. There are also Zhichui, shoulder clothing, Ka. Mid to late Edo period, the Tokugawa shogunate Chong Shangru school, carried out Fuli Tempo retro “attire Imperial resurgence” movement, renaissance official doctrine, Japan has a real job so the family began to dress the research, and the revival of the emperor’s yellow robe staining techniques. Tokugawa Ieyasu “the ban and public dharmas degree” provides for the Emperor and Zhu Chen of the service system, leading Fuli retro. Tokugawa Tsunayoshi also promulgated the “Service bogey order” to emulate China’s system of mourning. Meanwhile, the Japanese also follow Central Plains Han Chinese clothing scholar research methods, through the system of official doctrine Ming longitude Road, Ji Transfer Road on the Confucian classic research and post it has inherited Actual home for attire, forming a unique service system in Japan. Optical lattice emperor, Emperor Komei even restored Mianfu for enthronement.
Research recover twelve Unit of the Japanese Edo period “costume essentials copy” admitted: “barn door prince began scheduled coronal twelve bands great treasure dynasties, along Tang clothing and its system similar interests in this state through China also began in the Han, Tang Sheng Shi-time . court ordered he eventually follow in Wang ancient attire and compromise of the system in the Han and Tang Dynasties, the good person who grass along Yan Yan and for the poor of this state’s heritage His Highness the established formula is also easy as Song Jing Lian mistakenly said: “Thousands to Utah efficiency, Han dressed dollar is. “the state of the ancient Qi Chuan effect also made it almost to the Han and Tang Dynasties. Gufu San Sai dressed and America began to customs, etiquette to being down, then any man who, without etiquette? almost imperative it not?” Tokugawa Ieyasu established the official school Ogasawara stream since the school taught through the Ogasawara clan flow etiquette widely disseminated. 1632 “Ogasawara family ritual book” was published. Edo was adopted by the Zhu family ritual affected by small arms as well as Kasahara Ise flow stream etiquette etiquette, this is a modern Japanese etiquette and modern kimono foundation. Qing also consider Japanese clothes with the Han system. 1938 (Showa 13) ~ 1939 “The Complete Works of ritual practice” 9 Volume and publish, in 1941 the Japanese Ministry of Education develop “rites key elements”, popularized Ogasawara etiquette, including clothing, etiquette (Ceremonial). “Rites key elements” Chapter IX provides civilian men winter dress pattern pay Haori Hakama, summer bathrobe and women dress, visit clothing.
Korea
Tang period, Silla request Emperor gave Han dressed, get rid of Silla costumes, with the same in China. Lee Korea absorbed after the mid-Ming Dynasty court dress clothing style, noted compliance Chinese system. Especially female clothes towards waist jacket skirt development, and robes, court dress, palace important dress has been retained hanfu system, and with the Han Chinese clothing changes, such as the Tang Dynasty official black yarn Fu head back lacing to droop with style, the new Officials Lo Fu head with this style, while the abduction angle changed after the Ming Dynasty style, the Li abduction angle was changed to short; such as Joseon queen sized dress has been for the Chinese Empress Zhai clothing styles. The modern court dress and hanfu main differences: Han Chinese clothing is generally cross collar right of junction, there breasted (V-neck), while the DPRK clothing cross collar obvious, approximate small v-neck; women wear skirts beam is particularly high, And the hem is very large, fluffy.
Vietnam
Vietnam ancient Cochin (China called “Annan”), AD 968, Part D collar (D ring) towards the establishment of small (large Quyue Guo), became an independent feudal dynasty, two years later (1970) declared himself emperor. In clothing, especially court dress, emperor, ministers robes, almost Chinese Han dynasty court dress, the emperor, ministers court dress replica, tried to Vietnam last emperor Bao Dai as the crown of Benten, Yan service point of view, and Ming North vassal clothing exactly the same, but the ratio of the Ming emperors, its shape becomes a smaller size only. The Han emperor formal dress – crown tassel Yan served as an example, the Ming emperor’s crown tassel tassel is twelve, and Vietnam is six tassel of. Manchu occupied China after two hundred years, the mountains and rivers of southern Vietnam and China, are still preserved intact Ming style of dress, from the turn of the century French colonists survived in Vietnam and a large number of precious photos Historical data can be clearly reflect this, there is a typical example of this is 1898 in Yunnan Province (now Kunming) of the French consul Fang Suya (AugusteFrancois, 1857 年 8 月 20 日 4 July 1935) The photos of the robes, by many people mistakenly believe that the ancient emperor’s robes or Chinese opera costume, in fact, are forward Fang Suya’s clothing, but the Vietnamese emperor’s court dress, from the modeling perspective, and Ming Zong Phan, ministers robes generally goes.
Han Chinese clothing catastrophe
Manqingruguan, the official order issued Dressed time Junji years Lunar June 15, converted to the Gregorian calendar compared to the Gregorian calendar July 8, 1645, that is, 1645 to July 8, Manchu tear Dressed in a mask does not force thoroughly tough to execute orders from tonsure, thus launched Jiangyin and other people around the struggle against Dressed to suffer from intense, difficult to pen exhausted. Deaths uncounted.
Manchu Han Chinese clothing so that the face produces a significant change, the continuation of the three years of the Han nationality crown clothes taken to the grave. Junji years, the Qing capture southern provinces, from the Qing government ordered the barber to change clothes in the national implementation of the system. Qing government order, from the date of the document, within 10 days of all men to shave all the hair, comb braids change, if there is “still the prescribed system, not with the system of the DPRK by Unforgiven.” With this Han was forced to change with the clothes style. At that time, wear Han clothes countless people have been killed.
Han Qing government order on strongly resisted opposition activity after another. Long-term struggle to resist the Qing government also considers some concessions in order to stabilize the situation. So the so-called “ten from ten not from”, namely: clothing men from the women refused, and refuses from students from the male from the female not from, not from the official from the scribe, from not less from the old, Confucian monk is not so from, thus Actors do not advocate from; well: Officialdom so marriage is not from, the country from which the official numbers do not, labor taxes which language not from. This limited concessions, and finally retained some of the features of the Han clothes.
Why should compel the Manchu established braided Yi Han Dressed hanging clothes?
Normally, what clothes to wear, what hairstyle and the ruling does not leave much, but the Manchus crossed the border and establishing clear after giving them a new meaning. Han Chinese can not accept foreign domination because Han contempt brutal, barbaric rule to accept an insult against Han Chinese terms. Han civilization for thousands of years, there are splendid culture, compared to the alien, Han Chinese have a strong sense of cultural superiority, compared Manchu culture is really superficial, really humbled. This kind of national inferiority complex on the one hand to promote Manchu nobles desperately to learn Chinese culture, on the other hand the fear of Han Chinese Manchu nobles looked down on them, so in order to rule the best way is to make Han Han Xi alien customs, ways to make personal insults Han spiritual atrophy, Han lost self-esteem, self-confidence, destroy Han bones of ethnocentrism.
After the founding of the country because of the Qing clothing, hair style and killed no less than several million Han Chinese, when Western missionaries in China, one see these scenarios wrote: “The world as a result of such Han clothing, hair style who were massacred nation unique. ”
How to treat “Hu Fu riding and shooting,” and “Dressed in fashion”?
Han should accept alien advanced things – but retained the basic judgments Han premise. The so-called “middle way” is too! – Refuse, it is complacent; but lose yourself, that is a departure from their ancestors! Hu Fu, including Tang Hu Fu, all dressed in traditional Han reserved under the premise conducted.
HU-style clothing, just as easy labors professional clothing, and a specific period in a specific area fads. And as a national ceremony ritual, appear before, Concierge – it always is to use a standard traditional Chinese clothes. Han Chinese clothing has been a solemn, ceremonial system representatives; Hu Fu, but stylish, popular pragmatism.
Hu Fu riding and shooting – is China’s official uniform service system reform, mainly refers to the examples of improvements in military uniforms. Han also applied flexibly accommodate foreign cultures useful for typical;
Dressed in fashion – is a fool, barbaric rulers caused by cultural disaster in the history of Chinese civilization, the dirt, but also the Han people’s humiliation, enslaved logo.
Phoenix Nirvana, from the ashes.
Modern Chinese clothing
Modern Hanfu ———- refers to aspire to volunteer renaissance of Chinese civilization, the ancient Han people respected apparel features the same strain, the number of years of cultural heritage of Chinese clothing genes, thereby recovering China traditional costumes.
Modern Hanfu main principles to be followed: First, you must have a distinctive modern Chinese clothing Han ethnic characteristics. Second, modern Chinese clothing must be a few thousand years China (Chinese) ethnic costumes genetic line of succession. Third, the modern Chinese clothing have strict dress code consciousness, reflecting Han Honesty and Honor’s cultural requirements.
Modern Chinese clothing basic orientation: Han Chinese clothing is Han Chinese dress.
The practical requirements of modern Chinese clothing Chinese clothing Renaissance that modern Chinese clothing generally useful in ritual ceremonies, weddings and marriage, traditional festivals, celebrations, crown ceremony hairpin rite (rite), the traditional style racer projects.
Renaissance that modern Chinese clothing Chinese clothing should pay attention to several questions:
First, the modern Chinese clothing should be careful not to put all those who wear costumes of ancient Han Chinese are used for modern, do not wear the ancients how modern it must be how Chinese clothes to wear. Particular attention to the ancient Han Chinese popular fashion or decoration Do not force a particular era for the modern. As Don lapel Hu Fu, underwear and so on.
Second, the ancient Han Chinese official has feudal class clothing, such as: uniforms, robes, clothing, etc. imperial clothing and other features should not be used in modern Chinese clothing.
Third, the Chinese clothing for thousands of years, Chinese clothing in the long history of years would naturally have the characteristics of many dynasties and modern Chinese clothing with inappropriate dynasty imprint. Course of thousands of years of Chinese clothing Chinese clothing with the same strain in the same element. Promote the use of the right of junction cross collar jacket skirt of dark clothing and heritage as a modern Chinese clothing styles.
Fourth, the Chinese clothing Han people since ancient times as the national dress, with its usefulness, but need to pay attention to Chinese clothing worn on different occasions. For example, in official activities appropriate to wear dark clothing, wearing a caftan in daily life to brown (shù hè), jacket skirt uniforms appropriate.
Modern Hanfu Status:
Han Chinese clothing industry is developing rapidly, Chinese clothing businesses are made according to the different needs of different styles, quality and price of Chinese clothing and related accessories. In the process of revival of Chinese clothing, costumes for different levels of quality, style choices are in perfect condition.
(1) Every person is not the same like the style is right, but because of the deepening understanding of Chinese clothing and daily needs, colleague who will be on the understanding of Chinese clothing from purely from the experience a “gorgeous, beautiful, eye-catching” to ” adapt to daily life, environment and climate “and other ideological shift.
(2) Chinese clothing styles Source: synthesis of existing artifacts and historical records. Dress style is relatively stable, uniforms style choices are more diverse.
(3) Hanfu movement was initiated by the private voluntary, with its unique vitality, while the existing Chinese clothing style is the subject of revival – the spontaneous choice of ordinary colleague, but also enable them to better integrate into modern society.
