Chinese classical instruments generally based on “octave” category. There are Xun, pottery, building, pan flute, harp, zither, koto, harp and so on.
Chinese classical instruments – Chinese classical instruments generally based on Chinese classical instruments “octave” category.
“Octave” is the oldest method of manufacturing the material according to the instrument to classify the musical instruments, first seen in “Zhou? Erotic” into “gold, stone, earth, leather, silk, wood, gourd (pao), bamboo “Eight categories:
“Gold” category includes bell, bells, Bo (bo), Yong, cymbals (nao), Sheng Zhong, Chung bell;
“Stone” category include Yu Qing (qing) ,, Sheng Qing, Song Qing, Ming ball;
“Local” category includes Xun (xun), pottery (fou) and the like;
“Leather” category includes counties (xuan) drums, drum used by peddlers (tao), should drum stroke (bo) pat (fu) and the like;
“Silk” includes piano, harp, building, Zheng and so on;
“Wood” category includes imprison (yu), zhu (chu) and the like;
“Pao” category includes yu sheng, springs and the like;
“Bamboo” category includes flute, flute (yue), flute, chi (chi) and the like.
This “octave” in the musical instruments, and in the hereafter referred to as “old Chinese music” or “China old device”, meaning pure Han ethnic instruments, mainly to the foreign instruments differ.
After the opening of the Western Han Dynasty Silk Road, China is the emergence of a large number of “Hu Yi Music”, such as the pipa class, harp class, wicker horn, Jiegu, bamboo flute and so on, because these instruments can also be in accordance with the “octave” classification classification, without re-inventing the new classification.
At the time of the Tang Dynasty, “Piao” (now Myanmar) tribute a lot of “Puma instrument”, these instruments manufactured by week “octave” unclassifiable, therefore, under the continued use of “octave” of the name, make some changes. According to “The New Book of Tang? Nanban? Puma biography” records, Tang Dynasty “octave” the week system “octave” and “stone”, “earth”, “wood” three to “shell”, “teeth” , “horn”, so Tang system “octave” to “gold, shell, silk, bamboo, gourd, leather, teeth, angle”:
“Gold” category includes bell cymbals, iron;
“Tony” category includes shellfish;
“Silk” category includes a large gourd harp, piano single-stringed gourd, small gourd piano, lizard (tuo) first Zheng, Feng first harp, dragon head lute, harp cloud head;
“Bamboo” category includes flute, two flute;
“Pao” category includes a large gourd sheng, small Pao Sheng;
“Leather” category includes three drum, snare drum;
“Teeth” category includes dental Sheng;
“Angle” category including triangular Sheng, Sheng corners.
There are Xun ancient musical instruments, pottery, building, pan flute, harp, zither, koto, harp and so on. After the Han and Tang Dynasties, from foreign instruments such as flute, wicker horn, pipa, erhu, a large number of Chinese music adoption, development and improvement of Chinese people, the Chinese gradually replaced the original native instruments. In addition to the guqin has been loved writers, to spread musical instrument, an official in the “folk” public musical performances are almost always outside.
Chinese classical instruments – in addition to the bells
Bells occupies an extremely important role in ancient Chinese music. Diacritical percussion bells belong to the family, that sounded like bells, crisp and sweet, sustain lasting Suitable for playing Eastern pentatonic music.
However, there is always the musical entertainment features. In the Marquis Yi of Zeng’s “palace,” where there are some musical instruments, these instruments are probably used to playing soft music. Tomb unearthed a total of eight kinds of 128 instruments, some have statistics, if you want to play all the instruments in the tomb, at least 41 people.
In fact, the tomb had been waiting B, he buried the 20 young women, the youngest only 14 years old, the largest is only 26 years old. Speculation, these women are Marquis Yi of the band members.
(Figure) Chinese classical instruments Chinese classical instruments atlas was said that Marquis Yi of Zeng himself may also play a musical instrument, in a good mood when the melodious music of Guqin bounce. A vassal king has so many instruments, people speculate, Marquis Yi is a person proficient in temperament.
All instruments in the tomb, the bells is the undisputed leader, its position in the band’s only modern orchestra violin can be comparable, like a majestic king, bronze bells had command of classical music border, at least as long as 1,000 years.
However, this privilege did not last forever.
A village in Shandong Los early Western Han Dynasty kings burial area, archaeologists in a Horses in, dig out a set of 19 bells, they are ordinary military instruments mixed in a pits where absolutely no Bianzhong identity and momentum, this chime bell mouth was frustrated at the scene, this is the year tuning method, that is the practical bell, although until the early Western Han Dynasty, still casting bells and used, but the status has shrunk a.
And bells, compared the musical pit biggest gain six sets Chimes, total 107, more than the sum of the Western Han practical Chimes previous discovery. Chimes original tomb unearthed has been broken, no sound, and Luo Zhuang found six sets of Chimes are relatively well preserved, gently tap, crisp sound can be heard. Qiao Jianzhong said that Chinese people say, “Jinsheng Yu Zhen,” Kim is the bell sounds, Yu Zhen means chime sound, which combined with two voices together, so mighty band.
(Figure) Chinese classical Chinese musical album with classical instruments made of natural stone with a small mallet percussion series they enjoy, sound crisp and bright, melodious, and bells act in harmony with each other. Since the Chinese ancients called the gold bronze, so people describe these two instruments is the “stone of sound”, a symbol of the most noble musical instruments and music.
Luo village from tomb to tomb, time is about 200 years apart, mix and Chimes of bells have been a qualitative change in the status and importance of the Chimes seems to have exceeded the bells, although today still not sure of the Han bells Chimes specific role, but once attached to the instrument has weakened sense of the sacred.
Today, still remaining tribes to show us the human earliest musical instruments and musical life.
Original music originated in the working life of mankind, and ancestors hunting, animal husbandry, farming lives: There is a musical instrument called whistle bone, may initially be used as tools for hunting in contact with the clay pottery made of swaying when the bell issued crisp sound, and the beast in the hollow clay pipes Piedmont hit, it would be a drum. They and Xun, are the ancestors of the Chinese nation created by ancient musical instruments.
(Figure) Chinese classical instruments Chinese classical album there is an ancient musical instrument called chime, experts speculate that it comes from the ancient tools of production.
East Musical Instrument Museum curator, he said due diligence, its shape with ancient stone plow, stone hoes very similar shape, the round hole is struck with a rope hanging up, in fact, in ancient times that is inserted inside a rod for hoeing fields, hoeing use, but then because of the shape of it, occasionally found knocked up “Dangdang when” there is a sense of beauty, gradually continue to tap to get a feel of the kind of wonderful.
Chinese classical instruments – Khon musical instrument
From the music theory that the general use of Chinese ancient music pentatonic, called “house, business, angle, Zheng, Yu,” the equivalent of “1,2,3,5,6”, less than seven pentatonic scale modern general. ” 4 “and” 7 “tone. Well, it is not China simply do not have an old musical instrument played seven scale functions?
(Figure) Chinese classical instruments Chinese classical instruments Atlas former music director of the China Academy of Art Qiao Jianzhong think, can not say that China does not have seven sound section, no such thing. Chinese people is pentatonic-based, with the yin and yang of the universe that the Chinese people do have a great relationship, and later the “Palace provider angle Zheng Yu” into the “Five Elements” into “East and West “In short with ideas about the five elements. He said that we do is based on five sound-based, with seven sound Bong five laws have a rule, with seven sound Bong five laws, which means that in order to serve seven pentatonic tone service, that is not the main two tone, Tone is the backbone of five sound, there is such a customary rule.
Perhaps this rule is in line with the Chinese culture advocates gentle, quiet spirit realm, it is precisely because in five scale based, traditional Chinese instrumental music lacks the dramatic ups and downs, but appeared calm and elegant.
However, the instrument itself but with changing times while gradually changing the face, when humans migrated out of the primitive society of equality and fraternity, the privileged 崇奉延 of power extends to all aspects of social life, such as bone flute, pottery Xun as simple instruments no longer can the humble.
Kind of instrument began to increase, and the quality is constantly improving.
According to records, as early as 3,000 years ago in the Zhou Dynasty, there are about 70 different kinds of musical instruments.
Famous Confucian founder of Confucianism is a musician.
In his theoretical system, music and etiquette in equal importance, playing a musical instrument is an important way to cultivate noble virtues. Confucius is said I am very interested in playing the guqin, but also personally music.
Since then, the guqin was given a higher meaning of the instrument itself, its presence has been lingering in the ancient Chinese musical life.
(Figure) Chinese classical instruments Chinese classical instruments Atlas we can see, so far the oldest archaeological discoveries of the piano more than 2,000 years old, Guqin modeling simple generosity, whole body painted black.
In later historical vicissitude, guqin style gradually becomes complicated. Peng said that the piano is made to take into account the characteristics of its sound, it is reasonable, therefore there will be some of the many shapes, such as banana leaf, is designed in accordance with banana leaves, like falling clouds type, etc. A shape of things are based on a form of imagination.
Piano sound simple and calm, the ancient Chinese string instrument, one of the most important. Guqin is perhaps the most special person to play the ritual requirements. In ancient China, the piano is a scholar of special products, to shower before you play, it must With solemn tranquility of mind, the piano on the stage must also be a stick of incense burning when you play. Peng said, “Qin also ban” means playing time to forbid evil, in order to achieve a kind of self-cultivation effect.
At this wonderful instrument not only emit sounds of music, more importantly, with the musical instruments, people can yardsticks, even perception of life and the universe esoteric philosophy.
In the historic city of Wuhan, there is a musical instrument, there is a story circulating about the piano. A long time ago, where a man named Yu Boya musician Zhong Ziqi heard the music, when the piano interpretation of towering mountains, he laments: how high the mountain ah! When rivers surging piano performance, he loudly praise: more magnificent river ah! Zhong Ziqi could understand his own first encounter with music, very moved, and Yu Boya became Damon and Pythias, after the death of Yu Boya, Zhong Ziqi and broke the piano, not playing up. From the “Mountain and Flowing Water” became a bosom friend in lieu of that.
In a place not far away from the musical instrument has a musical hall 2,000 years ago.
Whistle, pottery drums, pottery bell
Archaeological excavations whistle, pottery drums, pottery bell Atlas in May 1978, in Suizhou, a great significance to the history of ancient Chinese music, Chinese music to bring enough surprises: the tombs of the 5th century BC, when the owner is king a vassal state of the Marquis Yi of Zeng, in the tombs of the room, a more than 60 square meters large house, symbolizing the tomb of life before the “temple court,” the south wall of the west wall of the chamber and was L-shaped stand up with a set of bronze bells that hang neatly in a wooden bell frame, as if had just been buried. The instrument is not only the world’s archaeological history of amazing achievements, but also unique in the history of a great music discovery. Volume set of bells huge, complex modeling fine, showing majestic atmosphere of the king. Bells tomb total weight up to 5 tons, a total of 65, three suspension points, the most important are 203.6 kg, 1.5 meters high, more commendable is that this is also causing people to hear the bells of ancient music.
Beautiful tone, a broad range, so that people can hardly believe it has been dormant for 2,000 years in the ground. In theory, the Marquis Yi of Zeng bells not only can play single melodic music, harmony and polyphony can play multiple parts of the song the way, can also be used to track, and, every bells could make the two different sound. When the bells played by three musicians took the mallet, percussion bells were middle three groups, there are two musicians, bass strike the lower Yong Chung, can with harmony, or heighten the atmosphere.
The bells also reflects the ancient Chinese people superb bronze casting skills. Chimes excellent sound quality, from the rational alloy configuration, tin bronze, lead content ratio has been very consistent with principles of modern metal.
Close to the north wall stood a group of series they enjoy, they are made of stone instruments. By the southeast corner stood a huge percussion build drum, while they enjoy the series between the bells and also placed a lot of ancient musical instruments, including Joseph, building, pan flute, bamboo flute and so on ……
Tomb also neatly placed into a group of ritual and numerous diet is, like nobles party scene. The scene in front of people think, and this is a king’s concert hall, show scenes of his lifetime when dinner guests, also described scenes of Chinese bands of that era.
According to Chinese ancient history books say, the royal and aristocratic band called “bells and drums music”, “bell” is the bells, “Drum” is to build a drum. This is in order to have a high nobility of the band, enjoy the wonderful music is the second, more important it is to show the power and majesty. As early as the Zhou Dynasty, with musical instruments is considered a symbol of identity and status. There is a musical instrument Shoumian Zhou bronze cymbals and big dragon Bo, through surface ornamentation, also reflected aristocrats Ling Ran inviolable status.
At that time, the use of the instrument has a very stringent requirements. Qiao Jianzhong said, first of all, to be surrounded by the emperor enjoy music called “Palace hanging”, second class, is to the princes, the princes enjoy “Xuan hanging”, that is to say he’s enjoying music on three sides, is not surrounded by his band, is surrounded by Confucius say the so-called “Ceremony Disintegration” the. We see musical instruments unearthed tomb surface, it belong to the nobility of this series is the music of the three sides. There are doctors, it is the music on both sides, the scholar is the lowest level, that is, intellectual kind, enjoy the music side.
When the Western Han dynasty was established in 202 BC, ancient ritual has become familiar, people playing musical instruments and musical life because of the new order and the concept becomes different. Mawangdui unearthed in Changsha, a music figurines, is a small chamber orchestra Western Han, they made five painted wooden figurines music symbol, of which three are lyres figurines, two blowing yu figurines, figurines lyres Kneeling, for the viol shape, harp cross on the knee, the player Stretch arms forward, both hands palm down. Blow yu figurines also kneeling, palms up, his hand is yu.
Yu wind instruments and string instruments ensemble Joseph, who swept the Warring States to the Qin and Han dynasties, called “yu se Music”, this music figurines unearthed in Changsha Mawangdui, their owners are early Western Han Dynasty a Ms. Hou Juede Xinzhui. Xinzhui’s tomb, unearthed yu and Joseph’s physical, Crimson yu, yu yu bucket and mouth are made of wood, 22 yu tube is made of bamboo with a skin scrape.
It also found Joseph, simple and elegant appearance, it did not seem wonderful place, but its strings researchers for scientific analysis, surprised to find that each of the 370 strings are used from silk kinks.
Mawangdui unearthed instruments, partly reflecting the early Western Han Dynasty musical situation.
Chinese classical instruments – yu
From the Warring States to the Han Dynasty, the type of instrument, although not too much change, but people’s attitude when playing a musical instrument is completely different, once the solemn been pleasant and enjoyable fashion instead. In fact, serious and rigid Le Marquis Yi Zhong Qing era that has been dissolved in the Han Dynasty, especially as the bells so bulky, inconvenient to move, but also more complex way of playing the instrument is no longer loved by the people, replaced by music and dance Such cheerful and lively acrobatics integrated arts, stringed and wind instruments of various light on stage in the band.
Instrument start close to the hearts of ordinary people, into people’s daily lives.
In the feature film “Hero”, director Zhang Yimou specially arranged a fight scene with a blind musician playing the piano as a contrast, and finally broken strings, symbolizing the fighting intensified. Indeed, the real playing the guqin very elegant, nimble fingers dancing on the strings without losing grace.
(Figure) Chinese classical instruments Chinese classical instruments atlas master violin Peng said, guqin music style pursuit slight Apprehension, CKS calm, it is co-positive Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism of light and practical on top as China a more spiritual meaning of things.
Deep cultural meaning is also reflected in the piano shape, we see these masterpieces Guqin decorated although not the same, but the design will reflect the views of the ancient Chinese tradition and respect for nature.
Guqin design is a respect for nature’s design, which from the shape and structure of the guqin can be reflected, for example, the highest point of the piano, is the Leshan, Leshan is the towering mountains meant, then the top of the mountain, is the origin of the water , so the strings can be seen as a long flowing water, which is mountains and streams, so guqin design which reflects the mood of water more, a drop of water dripping from the air, when will people a transparent , clear, mellow feeling.
People today in leisure time, often choose the restaurant for tea. Tea ceremony performance generally also have musical accompaniment, the accompaniment of musical instruments called Zheng, Zheng also said to have 2,000 years of history, but rarely found in Cheng’s modern archaeological objects, only some handed down zither. Koto and piano shape looks somewhat similar, in fact, completely different, there are seven piano strings, while the number of kite string was not fixed, but is usually 13 strings, and all the chords have frets support.
Qin generally suitable for the performance of quaint, relatively slow tempo work, and better performance of the passionate emotions zither music. Former music director of the China Academy of Art, said Qiao Jianzhong, guqin it, is a man burning a stick of incense, own bomb to yourself, so it never pursued the volume, not the pursuit of very fancy, very cheerful kind of sound. Zheng is not the case, as long as they let people kite after listening can be very exciting, Zheng is listening to the public, so the piano and the zither is not the same, not the same in function, one is amused, one is entertaining people.
Chinese classical instruments – the guqin
It is said, because Zheng issued a “Zheng, Zheng” sound when you play the name. Zheng beautiful sound and smooth, strong performance, and low ranges wild, uninhibited, treble impassioned, both good performance and beautiful lyrical melody, but also to express the magnificent emotions. Qin and Zheng, are produced in the ancient Chinese musical instrument native, in China the extension of time for thousands of years, who are still loved by the Chinese people. However, in today’s China and China accepted many instruments, but not the ancient Chinese invention.
(Figure) Old piano
Atlas has a guqin in the Tang Dynasty tombs unearthed murals, to show us when the band’s image: musicians who attentively manipulating a variety of musical instruments, orchestral symphony, Ku Qiming, the scene is very grand, various instruments retreat delivered, with a nice. Some are traditional Chinese musical instruments – Sheng, Zheng, clarinet and flutes, and some instruments like is relatively unfamiliar, the Han Dynasty found in archaeological and historical records are not seen. Perish from the Han to the Tang Dynasty established nearly 400 years, during which the ancient Chinese musical instruments appeared fundamental change. So, such a huge change in how the cause of it? As early as the Western Han Dynasty, explorer Zhang Qian went to Western countries, and promote the cultural exchange between different ethnic groups, some exotic musical instruments and therefore into the Central Plains region, so that the development of Chinese musical instruments there have been significant changes.
In the transformation, the evolution of flute and flute the most obvious.
A cultural relics unearthed in Henan in the flute, has 8,000 years of history, it is the scale of the earliest discovered there is the sound of the world. Qiao Jianzhong said that it is the people that make use of the eagle’s wings fairly thick bones, then put it into a lot of press dug holes, blow holes, to play music.
Chinese classical instruments – zither
Until the Han Dynasty, Chinese traditional vertical flute is blowing. Qiao Jianzhong said that in the past called Xiao flute, the flute is our early vertical blowing things, to the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian to the Western Regions is to bring back the first cross-blown flute.
Music and dance from the Tang Dynasty figurines gesture, we can clearly see the difference between flute and flute, flute appears after the original vertical wind instrument called a flute.
Flute is crisp, as if the morning cheerful birds, and the study on three is distant, as if an invisible breeze moonlight. Both instruments are deeply loved traditional Chinese musical instrument, in Chinese culture, they were already without distinction, and modern Chinese people have long forgotten, which in the end had come from exotic musical instruments.
In human history, it is the exchange between different cultures so that each nation maintains constantly creating and updating life. After the end of the Han Dynasty, into the disputed Southern and Northern Dynasties, the war era is the golden age of cultural exchange, a variety of foreign culture into ancient China, bringing innovation opportunities.
Major changes in the history of Chinese musical instruments produced. Via the Silk Road instruments from the Western Regions in the traditional musical life gradually occupy a significant position.
There was a time, whether in high society, or in the folk, musical instruments and dance from Western’s very popular. However, almost all foreign musical instrument into the hands of the Chinese people, will be the transformation of something.
There is a musical instrument is a Central Plains took the name “Ruanxian.” In fact, “Ruanxian” handed down from the Western Han Dynasty pipa variant, called Qin pipa at Han, and later, in the Western Jin Dynasty in the third century AD, because celebrities Ruanxian good at playing this instrument, so we changed his name to his name “Ruanxian.”
Thereafter, the Chinese people but also to the Western lute was reformed, style, and “Ruanxian” is completely different.
Pipa’s name is actually fingering law, “lute” is pointing outside play chords, “Pa” is the point within the elastic string. A famous poet in the Tang Dynasty famous through the ages “Pipa”, the lute had been very vivid and the image description: string Cao Cao, such as acute and language, honestly, such as a small string murmur. Cao Cao honestly mixed shells, large pearl beads down ……
In fact, from the Tang Dynasty murals, we can see that, when the pipa lute playing also follow the Western way is sideways bomb, also use the plectrum, and today the prevailing Chinese pipa playing styles are very different . Qiao Jianzhong said that early lute sideways bomb, Hengbao partly concealed, then stand up to it, this is a gradual process took 1,000 years of time, the Tang Dynasty 600 years, then to the Ming Dynasty, really become what we see today on the professional stage lute. With products such pipa, played with the hands. The Tang Dynasty pipa spread to Japan, the Japanese are now also used a plectrum to play we go from the Chinese pipa.
After 1,000 years of reconstruction, Chinese pipa has been fully integrated into the Chinese mainland, has become one of the most famous Chinese musical instruments, musical instrument study Chinese history, the Tang period can not be ignored.
In the dynamic and open spirit of time, people have always had foreign culture and acceptance of new attitudes.
Chinese classical instruments – lute
After the introduction and integration of Southern and Northern Dynasties of Chinese ancient musical instruments in the form of the previous generation of the Tang dynasty never had a colorful situation. Unfortunately, preserved Tang musical kind very rare. However, the archaeologists unearthed pottery of the Tang Dynasty, but to show us the backing band: the band’s instruments are a hodgepodge of traditional Chinese musical instruments flutes, dulcimer, flute, lute also came from the Western Regions, harp, flute, clappers.
Pipa in the lead player status in the band, harp from the West, came to China from the Western Regions, green light passing from the Northwest, from the control beats role in the band. This fusion is a symbol of the Tang Dynasty culture inclusive. According to “Folk Miscellany” records, musical instruments during the Tang Dynasty about 300 species.
Today, Japan is still preserved in the few precious Tang musical heritage.
Shakuhachi, a musical instrument in the clarinet, because generally one foot eight inches long and named, later became traditional Japanese instruments. But in China, the shakuhachi has long disappeared figure. In fact, many of the Tang Dynasty in the subsequent history of musical instruments have been eliminated in the flow, and the standing of some exotic musical instruments are gradually evolve eventually become authentic Chinese People instruments.
907, in the Tang Dynasty capital of Chang’an City, the last emperor of the Tang Tang Ai was forced to abdicate, of the Tang Dynasty, a brilliant era is over. However, traces of history was permanently engraved in the ancient land.
A small town in the southwest suburbs of Xi’an, the legendary Tang Dynasty 1,000 years ago, after the Rebellion, the court of a musician living here, the creation of a Mandarin Music Club, dedicated to teaching his disciples civil court music played. Mandarin Music Club till today civic activities, members of the music community are farmers, farming usually at home, when there is activity on the music community together most of their instruments are handed down from grandparents, playing skill is ancestral , the score is said to have several hundred years of history, the silk made the score came from the Ming Dynasty.
Weekdays get used to fondle hand hoe scythe from ancient musical instrument still acceptable, people seem to have become graces. The music they play is called “Chang’an Ancient Music”, playing classical music in the form of sub-seat Lok Chang and Diem, seat sat playing music in general, play a major divertimento, pleasures is playing standing or playing in the road, often playing Some short and beautiful music. Instruments used in a dozen ancient music, the melody performance by the wind instruments, including flute, Sheng, wicker horn, etc., percussion drums, gongs, and drums band’s core.
Chinese classical instruments – Ruanxian Although this ancient musical instruments on behalf of the ancient palace of classical music, but as time goes on, once the elegant gradually toward the people, ordinary people become the usual entertainment. People today in Peking Opera, the general can not see the backing band, but the actor’s singing, people have been able to feel rich and expressive musical accompaniment, whether tragic or tender feelings sonorous sad mood, the band are You can give a good contrast.
Opera orchestra accompaniment team is not complicated, usually only seven or eight people, the band from the pull strings, percussion and wind instruments composition, which is the result of long-term exploration of a reasonable match. Bowed instrument with a melodious sentimental singing and sonorous, rhythmic percussion performance and heighten the atmosphere of good wind instrument, fitted together, you can play a variety of styles of music accompaniment.
Song and Yuan Dynasties from the Chinese opera art began to develop, to the Ming and Qing dynasties gradually become more mature, deeply affected the development path of China’s traditional instruments. Many famous Chinese people are gradually instruments appear after the Song and Yuan and molding.
Today, the Chinese music scene, a branched blend of modern and traditional charm of the band has caused a minor sensation in China, women were the traditional musical instruments of modern melody, holding their instruments in fact, most do not produced in mainland China, but eventually became the most representative Chinese instruments.
However, in such a way to play the erhu, for some older people, it may be somewhat difficult to accept.
Erhu status in the eyes of Chinese people like the violin importance for Europeans, however, a lot of Chinese people do not understand is actually not the product of the Central Plains of the erhu, erhu formerly called “haegeum”, the first is the Sui and Tang dynasties one called “Xi” tribe inventive instrument. Qiao Jianzhong said that Xi is a minority in the north, is a tribe, said to us earlier that there is no such kind of stringed instrument, until the Tang Dynasty, Song That official records, this is the two-stringed erhu, from the Song Dynasty With the official records, it should be said to be a product of a fusion of Chinese and foreign cultures.
After several transformation, to the Yuan Dynasty, these instruments matured, a new type of Chinese musical instruments – stringed musical instruments was born, and their main function is to opera, rap, dance accompaniment and participation in some of the small, traditional band ensemble.
Ming and Qing dynasties, the erhu family gradually expanded, there has been high Hu, banhu, etc. jinghu varieties, erhu instrument China and China finally got the top spot.
When the Ming and Qing dynasties, Chinese folk instrument team basically mature.
After absorption of the millennium, create, eliminate and replace several musical instruments become China’s most important role the music scene, and later played in accordance with the method, they are divided into four types, erhu, Jinghu, Gaohu as the representatives of pull stringed instrument; with piano, lute, dulcimer and other stringed instruments represented; with flute, flute, sheng, suona as the representative of wind instrument; with percussions, drums, ranked drums, cymbals and other percussion instruments represented.
Chinese classical instruments – Tang Dynasty pipa
In medieval Europe it is another scene. Magnificent symphony orchestra is gradually taking shape, a variety of musical interpretation of the increasingly complex and harmonious music, symphonies originated in religious music, from the bottom of human admiration of God, and therefore full of passion and drama.
The Chinese traditional instruments still moving forward along its orbit:
An ancient Xun can put people back to the distant past, lute play the phrases painted on the river spring moonlight rippling beautiful scene, the erhu is best at expressing the sad and melancholy heart …… different materials, different sounds of musical instruments common interpretation of Chinese traditional culture and subtle, gentle unique temperament.
In ancient Chinese literati were always retains the old as unique aesthetic, has a thousand years of history of piano music, is still a symbol of elegance of life, from the Song and Yuan Ming and Qing dynasties until the kings court officials, men of letters, all involved in the piano recreational activities, or arty, or sustenance feelings.
There are a guqin is a personal collection, said to be the famous Song Dynasty poet Li Qingzhao used, simple piano modeling simple, vigorous round, three in the back is also engraved the words “Jing Bin iron”, but what is the meaning, people still not clear.
Chinese classical instruments – harp playing
Guqin variety handed down some family Zuchuan Zhen Bao, while others are holding the palace, they are no longer an ordinary musical instrument, and become valuable handicrafts. Until today, still continues to play guqin ancient tones. It implies the ancient Chinese literati culture of elegance and deep, melancholy exudes a unique and noble qualities, to live in a noisy brought rare among modern meditation and serenity.
The ancients instruments into gold, stone, earth, leather, silk, wood, gourd, bamboo eight categories, called “octave.” Bells chime sound emitted by these two instruments crisp and bright, known as the “stone of sound”, is officially recognized, “the most elegant voice.”
(Figure) Chinese classical instruments Chinese classical instruments Atlas ancient musical instruments are mainly Xun, pottery, building, pan flute, harp, zither, koto, harp and so on. After the Han and Tang Dynasties, from foreign instruments such as flute, wicker horn, pipa, erhu, a large number of Chinese music adoption, development and improvement of Chinese people, the Chinese gradually replaced the original native instruments. In addition to the guqin has been loved writers, to spread musical instrument, an official in the “folk” public musical performances are almost always outside.
Chimes by a number of different sized “bell” form, are decorated with simple Shoumian, the cavity is empty every body clock. There are many types of preparation bells, chimes with the majority of the Eastern Zhou period a group of nine pieces; large establishment with Bianzhong (tomb unearthed bells), represented a total sixty-four, three-tier suspension .
History dates back to the late Neolithic bells, when clocks are mostly clay; bells after Shang mostly copper.
Diacritical percussion bells belong to the family, that sounded like bells, crisp and sweet, with oriental sustain lasting color, suitable for playing Eastern pentatonic music.
Bells in ancient Chinese music
(Figure) Chinese classical instruments Chinese classical instruments Atlas occupies an extremely important position.
Chinese classical instruments – guzheng zither is a kind of awesome and rich expressive fan string plucked instrument. It has a long history, as early as two thousand five hundred years ago, the Qin Dynasty prevailed earlier this Shaanxi area, so called “Qin Zheng.”
Zheng through the ages, the more clear timbre, noble, elegant, pleasant euphemism, color gorgeous, rich charm. Like a graceful flick, sweep potential if heavy landslides Xiao Tao. It is rich in both delicate and subtle, expressive portrayal of people’s inner feelings, but also depict moving spectacle; whether Ruqirusu, or impassioned, or it can be singing and singing performance of the head. Yin left hand, knead, press, slide, points the way to fully reflect the characteristics of Zheng Yun. Zheng is both a solo instrument has a unique charm, but also participate in the ensemble and accompaniment, in a foreign country is hailed as the “Oriental piano.” Guzheng master Mr. Lou Shuhua monumental works – zither music “Boats” with its beautiful melodies and quaint phonology, have enjoyed a high reputation at home and abroad, make guzheng art world art of the forest stand, gain a great honor .
Zheng not only melodious, tastes, and learn to play easy, and the effect is obvious, it is a very easy acceptance of outstanding instruments. We can say that it has broad prospects. We should play its unique advantages, to further meet the needs of the people and the rich spiritual life, carry forward the fine national cultural traditions, make this the ancient art of flower sticks prosperity.
Because of a long history and extensive spread, zither-type system and other aspects in the formation of many species. There are sounds simple, subtle, rich flavor of thirteen strings stringed zither Tang; there phonology fresh, smooth, pronunciation sensitive steel strings zither; there is room to string zither nylon wire between the former two; and in the majority of music …… research efforts to change workers appeared at the trial of turn × Zheng, butterfly kite, kite and other seven scale. Today’s most commonly used type of the twenty-first chord zither S.
According to the news: Taiwan about thirty million people play the zither. Some primary and secondary schools also provides play the zither is a required course. Girls get married piano dowry outdated, and fashionable is to accompany an antique zither, to show quiet, elegant. In saying this, he said China has already become one of the guzheng traditional instruments of the people, the existing five people playing the zither, six hundred thousand. Hong Kong and Macao has been playing the zither rise boom, and the establishment of a specialized art professor Zheng Zheng Zheng colleges and specialized performance groups. Singapore, a lot while working Performers zither player, they do not count fame, carry forward Zheng arts, revitalize China’s sound. Some Western countries have also set off a school zither heat, continue to invite our zither performer, theorist lectures, teach skills.
