Month: June 2015

Jade How to tell, how to identify the authenticity of the jade market, Qinghai jade yellow mouth accounted for the majority, its color Huang, Qinghai has a water permeable material characteristics, occasional precipitation waterline and white cotton, as long as the material can recognize Qinghai, it is not hard to distinguish Qinghai yellow mouth.

Northeast yellow mouth, also known as the old old yellow topaz or jade, Xiuyan County, Liaoning yellow mouth produced material for the Hongshan culture jade jade main raw material. Xiuyan County produce Xiuyu (serpentine) is known, but here’s Mill River jade, yellow jade is tremolite old structure, fine and smooth northeast Huangkou jade, white with yellow, also with yellow and Xinjiang mouth like candy colors.

And nephrite, red and yellow also common in colored sugar among sugar color is the cause of iron ions, the color varied, with brown sugar, brown sugar, shade sugar, brown sugar and so on in the form, the most important color is reddish-brown and yellow brown two kinds.

Montenegro is a place in the Yulong Kashgar River, which belongs to the city of Hotan, from the point of view of administrative divisions, Montenegro Huangkou wall materials and policy 勒戈 yellow mouth is what could be called “and tianhuang imported materials”, the Montenegrin port of yellow hue also brought Huang, relatively delicate material in the market also have a place on the raw materials market Shifosi Village occasional Montenegro Huangkou material appears.
Since the Qin material has a “seed jade” and “original chromophore” two labels in the market more have sought Friends jade, but it does not mean necessarily valuable material Qin, Qin material value depends on the color red, yellow and jade , we can say the vast majority of the material easy to wear stiff Qin, a pair of black, rough jade, stone and jade Heavy poor, in the case of jade is not good enough, either red or yellow, have no value, so good Qin expected to meet the following criteria:

1, the color is red Ye, Huang Hao, color correct, without black gas;
2, meat thin, delicate structure, good fats degrees, instead of crude stone bear the same;
3, no stiff, cotton, black and other illnesses.
Qin able to meet the above three points and the material less and, if there is such a material, the inevitable high value, as shown in the yellow ooze single seed Maitreya, fine meat, fat thick, yellow, Qin such material can be called ” Topaz. ”
And Tian inside the “ruby”, “Topaz,” Qin material is inevitable topic, Qin material is a type of seed material, is a long-term infection riverbed various elements into the seed material is formed inside colored material, mainly red and yellow Qin Qin. Hung Huang Qin Qin is something different from the Redskins yellow skin color is the color seed jade surface layer, while Qin material is the color Qinru deep inside, making the seed material has a color.

Collection and identification of Chinese jade, ancient jade tasting and appreciation, China has a long history of jade, about seven thousand years ago there was a very decent jade; about five thousand years ago using Yu climax.

Neolithic later dynasties, has a large number of jade production and use. Jade and ceramic filter with different metals, it is more durable, and can not melting the restructuring, which the ancients made of jade, partially buried in the ground, some disappear, and a large part of the spread in the world, become collectibles. In China, the collection of jade culture heyday, the collection of jade people very much.

A collection of jade, we must first understand its manufacturing era, then its material, technological level and use. One of the most difficult to understand jade manufacturing era.
Identification of jade mainly includes several aspects of knowledge, we must first understand the ancient jade decoration. This requires the museum to watch the jade exhibits, we often look at the relevant jade atlas to see more you will feel ancient jade characteristics are different, they are in a different era divided into different types. The more closely you look, the more control the characteristics of the times, your recognition will be.

If a type originally belonged to the Shang Dynasty jade, decoration decoration features but with some of the Warring States, then this piece of jade or jade belongs to Old change, or later antique products. If you determined that this piece of jade is doing fake antique jade, you can also determine its manufacturing era. Generally late Shang Dynasty jade imitation appeared, mostly in the late Qing works.

Second, we must understand the characteristics of ancient jade shape. This is because many jade shape is changing with the times and change. For example, he’ll Han Dynasty showed more fine Tall shape, and he’ll Tang Dynasty short and wide, and the different styles of the Han Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, the cup-shaped and changed. Often through a characteristic shape jade works which will be able to determine whether it is age. Jade shape characteristic understanding the deeper your jade recognition stronger.

For example, the current flea market can often see imitation Shang Yu Ge, these Tamahoko in shape and works almost the Shang Dynasty, and was to do the old process, but these works are often thicker than the Shang Yu Ge, Ge nor on the ridge line Shang feature works, thus it can be identified as imitations.

Third, we must understand the characteristics of each era jade processing. These features are mainly in the opening piece, drilling, carved ornamentation and surface gloss treatment aspects. In the Neolithic Age, jade manufacture of wire cutting technology had appeared on cable cutting jade often leave traces. If cable cutting marks on a jade, jade which can be initially identified Neolithic era.

Ancient Jade in a hole by as much, drilling techniques and different and change with the times. Shang Dynasty jade before, aperture varies greatly, or both ends of the large-diameter, small middle or end of the large end of the small, these holes have appeared in the modern antique jade, but the shape of the hole, the inner wall of the ancient luster Different jade. After the Zhou Dynasty jade drilling also has some features, but the difference is subtle, subject to look closely to identify.

On the way jade crafts carving ornamentation and surface gloss treatment, ancient jade are different. For example, there are many jade Warring States, the Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty shiny glass, but Han Yun Warring States jade appear shiny; Ming Dynasty jade light and rigid; it appears the Qing Dynasty jade slip soft.

The fourth is to identify new and old jade jade. Recognition depends on the one hand, old jade knife (mound marks) when it creates, on the other hand depends on the surface by erosion situation jade, jade look.

In addition to an ancient jade jade color itself, but also may have other colors, which is the main dish color and impregnation. Plate color is the color change of jade in the hands of the plate mill produced, mainly in the color of jade handed down. After a number of jade made, without soil buried, in the process of long-term handed down by the people plate touch, the color will produce change, it was called “cooked”, “cooked pit” and so on. There are some jade produce discoloration and then buried by plate touch, it will become a “mature pit” jade.

Produced after impregnation buried jade color variation that is complex, on some Jade has, on some jade no; some jade all by Qin color, some jade then the local color; some we already know what kind of material it is subject to The resulting pale Qin, some very clear.

Qin ancient jade color has many names. Cao Zhao Ming Dynasty “Georgia Koyo theory”: “There are red as blood Called the blood jade, the ancients also said that the corpse had black ancient ancient …… with ancient canal, there are ancient lowest Zhen, Yu food chain Namemi as if a weight on loess, and do not wash, this ancient land also. ”

There are thirteen ancient jade color of said Qing Chen of “Yu Ji” remember jade patina cinnabar red, chicken blood red, brown hair purple, aubergine purple, green Songhua, ginkgo green, okra yellow, yellow wine, gray dawn, brown rice white, blue shrimp, snot green, everything is fine, chengtan beryl, etc. In addition, there are many claims about the jade’s.

We can see a lot of jade Qin color, mainly black, called mercury Qin; green, called copper Qin; reddish brown, rust called Qin; white fog, called water Qin; dark yellow, called soil Qin. The observation, copper Qin, Qin rust, water Qin, Qin soil indeed copper, iron, water, earth-related, is subject to the copper, iron, water, soil erosion caused.

Jade artificially colored long history, major ancient jade is dyed jade qualities make up for lack of so jade more glory. With the increase and expansion of markets jade jade collectors, dyed jade imitation jade has become an important method for the manufacture of fake antiques. Dyed jade each period to do the old methods, the dyed jade is different.
Jade dye to do the old before the Qing Dynasty, after three stages. Familiar with jade and stained stained jade often see on manufacturing’s work can have a general judgment. Currently before Qing Dynasty jade do the old stain, we know that is not complete, and antique works of the Qing Dynasty, Beijing Palace Museum and Taipei Palace Museum has a collection of some, as long as you can often see the exhibits understand their characteristics. Modern manufacturing is often the pursuit of jade jade effect, and sometimes do very similar, but there are always differences.
If you’ve got an old master, its colors with what we know works color is not the same standard, it would have to carefully analyze this color is unknown to us jade color bleeding, or manual to do the old, in order to determine old and new works.

Life, with a combination of some foods is already a long time, its wonderful taste is also accepted by the people, it is customary also think that these kind of match is logical. But from the perspective of health, or scientific, health experts, but people have a good reason to it. Here you are listed 12 kinds are listed as errors of dishes with health experts. However, do not eat, there is something really not good, I want to eat less so it might not be a problem. If you attach great importance to health, or listen to the experts’ advice, do not always eat silly, greedy.

Twelve kinds of toxic Deli

(1) Goulash:

Due to the different concentrations of potatoes and beef are digested in the stomach acid needed, it is bound to extend the residence time of food in the stomach, causing gastrointestinal digestion and absorption time prolonged, over time, will inevitably lead to gastrointestinal dysfunction.

(2) green onion tofu:

Tofu and green onions in the calcium oxalate, will be combined into a white precipitate —- calcium oxalate, also cause the body to absorb calcium difficult.

(3) red eggs, milk:

Mucus eggs and milk proteins will trypsin in combination, thereby losing the nutritional value of the two should be.

(4) tea boiled eggs:

Tea, in addition to alkaloids, there are acidic substances, these compounds combine with the iron in eggs, a stimulating effect on the stomach, and not conducive to digestion and absorption.

(5) scrambled eggs MSG:

Egg itself contains many of the same composition of glutamate MSG, MSG when it scrambled eggs, not only can not increase the flavor, but will destroy and cover up the natural flavor of eggs.

(6) red and white radish mixed with food:

 

White radish in the high vitamin c content, but it contains a carrot in the enzymes called ascorbic acid, it will destroy the white radish in the vitamin c. Once the red and white radish with white radish in the vitamin c will be lost. Moreover, when vegetables containing vitamin c with cooking, carrots have assumed the role of spoilers. There cucumber, pumpkin, also contains a similar carrot enzymes.

(7) radish fruit to eat:

In recent years, scientists have found after radish and other cruciferous vegetables into the human body, by the metabolism will soon produce an anti-thyroid substances —– thiocyanate. How much of the substance produced is proportional to the intake. In this case, if the intake of fruits containing a large number of plant pigments such as oranges, pears, apples, grapes, etc., these fruits of flavonoids in the intestine by bacteria, transformed into hydroxyl benzoic acid and ferulic acid, which can strengthen sulfur cyanate inhibit thyroid, which induce or cause goiter.

(8) with fresh seafood and fruit:

Seafood, fish, shrimp, algae, rich in protein and calcium nutrients, if the fruit contains tannin with food, not only will reduce the nutritional value of protein and easy to make seafood in calcium and tannin combined into one kind of new non-digestible substances, such substances will stimulate the stomach and cause discomfort, people there stomach pain, vomiting, nausea and other symptoms. More fruit and tannin persimmon, grape, pomegranate, hawthorn, fruit and so on. Therefore, these fruits and seafood dishes at the same time should not be consumed at intervals of two hours is appropriate.

(9) milk and orange with food:

On oranges just drinking milk, milk protein will be first solidified into blocks and Orange in the acid and vitamin c meet, affecting digestion and absorption, but also people of abdominal distention, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other symptoms.

(10) wine and carrots with food:

Recently, the US Food and experts caution people: wine and carrots with food is very dangerous. Experts point out that, because β-carotene-rich carrots and alcohol enter the body, they produce toxins in the liver, causing liver disease. Especially after drinking carrot juice, do not immediately go to drink.

(11) white wine and soft drinks with the drink:

Because the liquor, soft drinks will soon make the same drink after the alcohol evaporates in the body, and produce large amounts of carbon dioxide, on the stomach, intestines, liver, kidney and other organs of serious harm to the heart and cerebrovascular damage.

(12) meat tea:

Some people, after eating meat, seafood and other protein-rich foods, and soon tea, thought to help digestion. As everyone knows, a lot of tannic acid in tea with protein binding, it will generate a convergence of tannic acid protein, making bowel movements slow down, thus prolonging the residence time of feces in the intestine. Both easy to form constipation, but also increase the likelihood of toxic and carcinogenic substances are absorbed by the body.

Girls should eat celery, helps eliminate edema. Plus moist, cashew nutrition lily. That she is a classic low-fat vegetarian fresh too.
Ingredients
Celery (4)
Lily (1 total)
Wolfberry (several)
Cashew (to taste)

Seasoning
Oil (to taste)
Salt (a little)
Chicken (a little)

Cookware: Wok

1

Material ready.

2

Chamfered segment wok, blanch celery;

3

Lily washed into the pot boiled water reserve sheet;

4

Add celery and lily fry, add a small amount of Chinese wolfberry and cashew stir fry;

5

Salt and chicken seasoning.

Shengze is China’s leading silk, is one hundred billion textile market Shengze and its surrounding synthetic textile fabrics, accounting for 1/3; cotton, linen, yarn, wool fabric output, Shengze and surrounding the production of the accounting quarter. Recently, the reporter to interview Shengze, found the town’s textile industry has withstood the downward pressure on the economy, showing a trend of steadily forward. Town Party Secretary, Oriental Silk Market Management Committee Director Zhao Ju concept that the past three years, the total domestic and international market demand for fabrics declining, but in addition to Shengze fabric production in 2012 9.85 billion meters, the other stable at 10.6 billion years meters.
Since last October, Shengze textile industry to the good trend is obvious, and has continued into this year. January to April, Shengze textile enterprises run steadily, whether it is product sales or profitability, year on year, the chain is showing an upward trend. Shengze first quarter sales of 14.95 billion yuan, an increase of 7.14%; Shengze textile logistics center from January to April amounted to 659,000 tons of shipping, an increase of 8.3%. Even better tax increases, tax warehousing taxes shengze quarter rose 8.78%, up by 5.95% VAT, income tax up by 14.17%. Chemical fiber industry revenue is triumph, an increase of 70.77% in the first quarter. Authoritative data from the National Bureau of Statistics also showed full recovery Shengze textile industry, the first quarter of this year, textile enterprises above designated size industrial added value increased by 6.7%, the growth rate higher than the national average level of industrial 0.3 percentage points.
Behind the Shengze textile industry contrarian steady growth, there is its comprehensive reasons. One perfect Shengze textile industry chain support. After years of development, Shengze formed a perfect matching and information exchange platform for all kinds of spinning, weaving, dyeing, four major aspects of sales, making it a national textile lowest-cost areas. The second is a collection of world-class Shengze textile fabrics equipment, such as the most advanced air-jet looms and water-jet looms, spinning the most advanced equipment, as well as with the world advanced level from Italy, Japan, finishing and dyeing equipment, Shengze born Constant, Shenghong Group these two “China’s top 500 enterprises,” and hundreds rising star. Third, Shengze has become the world capital of fashion fabrics, fashion fabrics competitions over the years, China Shengze accounted for more than half of the country.
As we all know, in recent years, many small and medium textile enterprises survive difficult, some companies even difficult to support. In recent years, a total of 32 Shengze textile enterprises closed down. “Though it is the textile industry, but the cause of the collapse, not because textile brought out.” Shengze textile industry veteran who say for sure. How to understand? Depth interview that, mainly because these companies’ cross-stride, cross-regional, cross-industry “caused.
There are more than 2,500 Shengze textile enterprises, 32 enterprises closed down, although only 0.01%, but the panic caused by multiplied. On the one hand, from the liquidation of banks. Loans more than 30 companies, more than 200 enterprises around by mutual UNPROFOR, the pressure from the Bank of conduction away, and the formation of public opinion. On the other hand, these companies related to personnel security, which is more or less normal production by “implicated”, resulting in strained relationship between banks and part.
But through continuous transformation and upgrading of enterprises Shengze, which is gradually ease tensions. Not long ago, the Agricultural Bank of China, a senior Beijing Yi Group to Shengze modern vortex spinning workshop after the visit that the support of such enterprises are bank and win. “We have seen, through constant transformation and upgrading Shengze textile industry has ushered in a rising channel, is becoming an important leading this round of rally drivers, the community including the financial community should see this welcome the good situation, to share dividends development. “The financial executives said.

China Light Industry Information Center and the China Leather Industry Association recently released mid-March 2015 Leather sentiment. In March Leather climate index 89.00, compared with 91.62 in February 2015 fell 2.62 percentage points. Wherein: the main business income sentiment index was 89.54, export sentiment index was 94.8, assets climate index was 95.43, profit climate index was 80.79.
February 2014 – February 2015, in light leather climate index stable at 90 to 100 fluctuated slightly in the bottom half of stable operation prompt area. 3 months Leather climate index fall 89 first annealing prompt area, indicating the leather industry will face difficulties.
Business facing greater difficulties
February 2014 – February 2015, the main business income sentiment index leather in a stable state. March leather main business income of 89.54 for the first time sentiment index fell into the annealing prompt area, leather business will face greater difficulties.
2015 January to March, the national leather industry the main business income totaled 2,840.61 billion yuan, up 6.38 percent. Where: March to complete the main business income of 109.025 billion yuan, an increase of 3.65%.
January to March 2015, a total of leather shoes manufactured 100.977 billion yuan main business income (accounting for 35.55%), an increase of 5.4%; leather tanning process to complete a total of main business income of 36.164 billion yuan (12.73%), an increase of 4.66 %; luggage, bags (bags) manufactured a total of main business income of 32.361 billion yuan (accounting for 11.39%), an increase of 6.07%; textile and fabric shoes manufactured a total of main business income of 18.935 billion yuan (6.67%), representing an growth of 7.51%; other leather products manufactured a total of main business income of 18.042 billion yuan (accounting for 6.35%), an increase of 11.2%; leather garments manufactured a total of main business income of 17.037 billion yuan (6%), an increase of 7.16% ; rubber shoes manufactured a total of main business income of 16.332 billion yuan (5.75%), an increase of 12.52%; plastic shoes manufactured a total of main business income of 14.689 billion yuan (accounting for 5.17%), an increase of 2.31%; located in the main industry eight former business revenue. Decorative leather gloves and leather products manufacturing, rubber shoe manufacturer, and other leather products manufacturing industry the main business income rose more than 10%, ahead of other sub-sectors.
Profit month by month
September 2013 – February 2014 Leather profits getting cold climate index in the region prompted to run from March to July 2014 return to stability prompt area, Aug. appear repeatedly leather climate index dropped to 89.1 profit, into a downward spiral, until Leather profit climate index in March 2015 plunged to 80.79 supercooled prompt area is about to enter, to be cause for concern.
2015 January to March, the national leather industry accumulated a total profit of 17.262 billion yuan, an increase of 3.06%. Where: March completed a total profit of 6.43 billion yuan, an increase of -8.96%.
2015 January to March, shoes manufactured cumulative total profit 6.835 billion yuan (39.6%), an increase of -0.7%; leather tanning process to complete total profit of 2.243 billion yuan (13%), an increase of 7.84%; other leather products manufactured cumulative total profit 1.376 billion yuan (accounting for 7.97%), an increase of 13.43%; luggage, bags (bags) manufactured total profit of 1.333 billion yuan (accounting for 7.72%), an increase of 7.32%; Leather Clothing Manufacturing complete the total profit of 1.3 billion yuan (accounting for 7.53%), an increase of -4.06%; textile fabric shoes manufacturing complete total profit of 1.12 billion yuan (accounting for 6.49%), an increase of 10%; over the leather and footwear industry ranking industry profits six forehead. Decorative leather gloves and leather products manufacturing industry in total gross profit increased rapidly, an increase of 36.7%.
Comprehensive analysis, since August 2014, the leather and footwear industry profits and export growth declined month by month, until March 2015 leather profit climate index plunged to 80.79 supercooled prompt area is about to enter, at the same time, March leather the main business income sentiment index 89.54 for the first time fell into the annealing prompt area, indicating the leather business will face greater difficulties, need attention.

2015 will be more than half the time, China’s foreign trade “running low” for several months cast a hint of warmth.
Latest China Customs data released on 8th May, China import and export value 1.97 trillion yuan (RMB), down (up, below) of 9.7%. Among this, exports 1.17 trillion yuan, down 2.8%, a decline continued to decline by 3.4 percentage points compared with April.
In this regard, HSBC Greater China chief economist Qu Hongbin analysis, May export growth slightly higher than expected and the decline has narrowed, which, China to the United States, Europe, Japan and other countries and regions, especially the United States exports slightly warmer or main cause.
However, exports continued to show warmth, while May imports still down 18.1%; trade surplus of 366.8 billion yuan, expanding 65%.
Qu Hongbin believes that external demand is no obvious signs of overall recovery, coupled with a stronger exchange rate, China’s export outlook remains optimistic.
As a reference index of Chinese exports leading indicators, to May for the third consecutive month of decline, but also indicates that China’s exports this year the pressure is still large.
Jing Ulrich, JP Morgan Chase vice chairman of the Asia-Pacific region to China news agency reporter Zhi Chu, China’s current total import and export are not satisfactory, largely because of international commodity prices are still low.
According to customs statistics, the first five months, the average import price of Chinese imports of iron ore, crude oil, coal fell by an average of four percent or so.
“Now the monthly import figures have dropped so badly, because commodity prices and low compared to last year.” In short, China with cheaper prices for the same goods. Ulrich said that as Chinese imports of raw materials, oil, copper and other commodity prices compared to last year prices dropped, causing a substantial increase in China’s trade surplus.
In the world we have bid farewell to the latest round of commodity super-cycle context, how to treat China’s foreign trade in this year’s “second half” trend?
“China’s size is already large enough to bring a new super cycle.” Vale CEO fee Moray recently told reporters, whether it is “along the way” or the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank, are very good project, can bring benefits to the people of the region.
Fees Mu Li pointed out that China has fully prepared for the farewell super-cycle under the new norm, while “along the way” and Asian Infrastructure Investment banking vision will help to maintain the continued prosperity of China and the global economy.
Experts believe that with China vigorously advocated “along the way” the gradual deepening (Silk Road economic belt and the Maritime Silk Road of the 21st century) construction, China’s foreign trade in goods, as well as personnel, financial flows or to usher in a new round of the peak .
China’s State Council on May 12 announced the “Opinions on accelerating the development of new competitive advantages in foreign trade”, first proposed to enhance and “along the way” along the national economic and trade cooperation, and for Central Asia, Russia and Mongolia, to accelerate the formation of new Eurasia International Channel Bridge, Southeast Asia, South Asia and other regions.
May 27, China Customs and the Customs and countries along the Eurasian Economic Union in Xi’an to promote “along the way” country clearance facilitation cooperation and other issues to reach a consensus on a number of cooperation.
” Along the way ‘certainly will lead China’s overall imports and exports and trade with neighboring countries, many. “Ulrich said, over the past 10 years, China and the” area all the way “along the national trade average annual growth of 19%. The next five years, China will import $ 10 trillion of goods, foreign investment will more than 500 billion US dollars, the number of outbound tourists about 500 million people, “This is among China’s neighboring countries as well as ‘the area all the way’ along the country will no doubt be the first to benefit.”
” Along the way ‘began to implement the first step is the construction of infrastructure, including roads, bridges, railways, ports, etc., which in the next five or six years, China will vigorously promote trade with neighboring countries. “Ulrich said, depth “along the way” Construction will continue to promote trade development between China and relevant countries, is expected to lead China’s foreign trade in the second half.

Fine Bili: Korean called “grass splitting power”, civil commonly known as “the tube.” From the ancient wicker horn. Sui and Tang dynasties Nine, ten music music in Korea, has been used in small Bili Bili and peach skin, is the Korean people love the vertical air blowing double reed musical instruments. Pronunciation loud, high-pitched tone vigorous. Adapted to play Qin Korean styles of music, full of rich local flavor. You can solo, ensemble or accompaniment. Popular in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture and Korean-populated areas.

Is composed of fine wicker horn pipe and tube body post two parts. Whistle about 4 centimeters, with a reed making, remove the crust, repair thinning thick uniform, smooth appearance, branded flat end whistle, whistle seat at one end with a fine copper Sizha live insertion tube body end. Tube body with no section of thin bamboo tube production, 20 to 25 centimeters long, about 1 cm diameter tube body front has opened seven sound holes on the back to open a treble hole. To prevent cracks in the bamboo tube, the first tube, tail ends inlaid with copper hoop.

While playing, the tube body vertical position, the mouthpiece tube whistle, his left hand on top of the back hole and 3-hole, right hand on the following four holes. Treble fine wicker horn, each can play a tune. After the reform, the sixth hole at the top right of the original, plus key to open a small hole (ie hole overtones), which range from the d1 extended to g3, up to two and a half octaves. Multi-key fine wicker horn reforms, a wider range, and to transpose.

In addition to the fine treble Bili Bili, there alto Bili Bili and double (twin tube). Alto Bili one octave lower than the treble Bili. Bili is double the size of the two, the same pitch treble Bili join together side by side, each tube is equipped with a tubular body whistle. While playing, can play a single tube, issued tone, but also tasty containing two pipe whistle, blowing the same degree of two-tone, and can play the three degrees, four degrees or five degrees and tone, volume increased significantly compared with single-tube, melodious tone Elegant, playing techniques difficult.

Hmong double-barreled: Seedlings cluster gas alarms vertical wind double reed instrument consisting of two parallel tube body composition. Hmong called “long product” (meaning two instruments). Can solo, ensemble or accompaniment. Popular in western Guangxi Miao minority areas of Longlin County.

Double tube is the same size as the two bamboo tubes tied together side by side from the body, into the left tube and right pipe, tube folk called “public” and “mother”, length of 30 centimeters. Each tube is equipped with a core body and pipe whistle, and have a common gas card.

Tube body with a length of about 28 cm, an inner diameter of 0.7 cm of slender bamboo production, left tube opened eight (n 7 back 1) the sound hole, the right tube opened six sound holes, back holes Chuzuo tube (open at Sixth, between seven holes), the pitch of each sound hole equal, and the same one to six holes left and right position of the tube.

The first end of each tube are left bamboo, section separated small hole drilled in the center. For inserting the core. It plays the role of the core body and the tube connecting pipe whistle, multi-length 2.5 cm, diameter 0.6 cm more slender bamboo or goose tube production. Mounted to the upper end of the tube whistle, the lower end of the insertion tube of a small hole in the first. About two cores on a common set of gas cards.

Gas cards gourd shell made of 4 cm diameter circular sheet, boosting the lips when playing for help luck, and make a lasting opening force. Whistle with a reed pipe tubing, 1.5 cm long, without any processing, mouth to mouth with flat whistle to blow.

When playing the double pipe, tube vertical position. On the left hand, according to the fifth hole and back to seven holes; right in the next, according to the first through four holes. Mouth with two pipe whistle, press two fingers with the sound hole. Pronunciation pitched bright, melodious tone, with rich flavor Township, range from the (c2 ~ d3). In addition to play the same degree of two-tone, but also blown simple alliteration and sound, and playing two-part melody, a more extensive expression.

Double tube commonly used in the solo, but also with other instruments ensemble or folk accompaniment. Miao people every traditional festivals or marriage festive occasions, often blowing double-barreled add to the fun. Often ensemble with gongs, drums and other musical instruments. Add to the festive atmosphere.

Small stuffy flute: commonly known as “skin whistle.” Yi vertical wind double reed instrument. Yi said, “Ye Halu” or “black wheat miles Ben”, “Ben wheat black” that insect shells, “the mile” for the flute, which means “insect shells flute.” Stuffy flute making simple, easy to carry, mellow and bright, strong performance capabilities. Rich bucolic, suitable for the performance style of folk tunes, can be used for solo, ensemble or accompaniment. Popular in Yunnan, the Yi minority areas, especially in Chuxiong and Dali Prefecture Sheng.

Traditional small stuffy flute single tube and twin-tube two kinds, size large and small. Flute body are made bitter Zhushao or other bamboo production, rising tube body has 4 or 7 vents (Jieyou a back hole). Folk more popular single-pipe four-hole flute and a little stuffy little stuffy seven-hole flute double tube. Single Guandi full length of 8 to 10 cm, double Guandi length of 10 to 13 cm, an inner diameter of 0.7 to 0.8 cm are. Flute upper set of useful cocoon production whistle to adopt a valley of Mino moth subtropical regions Artemisia wild olive tree or vine bladder better. Double tube bored flute pitch with two identical seven-hole flute nausea, flattened side wall, tied bundling, the lower end of the flute also tied with silk tassels as decoration.

Single tube 4 small holes bored flute, range d2 ~ f3, suitable for playing A, bB and C tone music. While playing, buccal insect whistle, blowing the breath using moderate to press the right hand holding the flute sound holes, combined with his left hand, nausea, put, fans, and other co-operation, to control the tone, volume change. Double tube bored playing flute, buccal double whistle, flute holding hands by two holes, but can not play boring, put, fans, and other co-playing skills.

Tony Lu at: bamboo vertical wind instrument. Rough shape simple structure unique. Popular in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Jinghong county and other places.

According to legend, keno tribe men and women fall in love with a pair of the same surname, Yan Li’s family rules so that they can not partnering. Depressed girl died, the young man is also very ill. One day, the young man leaning on a bamboo stick to flower girl grave mourning, and before leaving the bamboo sticks inserted in the grave for the girl companion. Soon after, the grave of flowers and bamboo actually grew into a dense cluster of bamboo, for sustenance of the missing girl, boy cut some flowers and bamboo made musical instruments, wind up pleasantly, as if his heart and girl. Tony said that this instrument is at Faro.

Tony Lu Department, with the production of bamboo with a bamboo tube length of 35 to 40 cm, diameter about 2.5 cm above the opening has a pronunciation hole and two by finger holes. Both ends of the through-hole bamboo, bamboo stay at a distance of 10 cm at the upper end of the mouthpiece, in the wall at the start of a bamboo pronounce oval hole, so bamboo bamboo up and down slightly connected. In pronunciation hole just below the wall section, the first bamboo skin is removed and a little scraping, then press out two square finger holes. Pronunciation hole and press the finger hole to open in a straight line. Repair finger holes cut by around a section of the wall is smooth, increase finger and wall friction, so that by the hole their fair share. This refers to the production method of scraping the wall around the hole, not only has the ancient, but also very popular in other minorities in bamboo wind instrument.

When playing at Tony Lu, tube body stick, left, right index finger are controlled by two finger holes, the lower lip to cover most of the mouthpiece, leaving only a small slit to let air into the tube. When the flow reaches the natural bamboo pronunciation hole gap, it constitutes a sound hole edges pronunciation airflow impulse leaving the tube air Du vibration. Deep and mellow tone. While Tony Lu at only two finger holes press, but intelligent Jino people, through long-term performance practice, was able to combine the use of junior fingering changes, play the pentatonic scale used, as well as changes in tone and portamento, with its range by the (e ~ c3), up to two and a half octaves, described as a miracle. Generally Before playing, people often pronounce the hole at the top of a small piece of beeswax paste, used to adjust the size of the hole pronunciation, pronunciation sensitive and landscaping to make it sound.

Chinese music as a branch of Chinese culture, and gradually develop more perfect, especially those with Chinese characteristics, musical instruments, is to let the world see China’s unique beauty of the Orient.

Wind instrument: Yu said that in the period four thousand years ago, there is a presentation made by reed wind instrument called the “key.” In 1931, Wanquan County, Shanxi Jing village unearthed three oldest “Xun.” Later, the rise of military music, also known as drum, horizontal blowing, riding a blower, etc., based on panpipes, wars, horn, flute as the main instrument, often playing in the army to travel, there are also played at the banquet and other recreational purposes.
Depending on the articulation can be divided into three categories: First breath blowing through the hole, causing vibration of the air column and pronunciation, such as flute, flute, Xun, panpipes; two is the breath through the whistle, and the vibration caused by air column pronunciation, such as suona, tubes and the like; third is the atmosphere via a reed, caused by vibration of the air column and pronunciation, such as Sheng, Lusheng, the Ukraine and so on.
Plucked instruments: three thousand years ago, Zhou far, it has been lyre, harp and other instruments. Then, in succession to produce building weekend Warring States period, Zheng Qin Dynasty chord soy, harp Han Dynasty, Nguyen, Sui and Tang pipa, sanxian Yuan, Ming Dynasty dulcimer.
According to musical differences shape, performance and playing method can be broadly divided into three categories: First, the lyre of representatives, including piano, zither and other instruments; the second is represented pipa, including Liuqin, banjo, Nguyen, three-string musical instrument; Third, the dulcimer.
Percussion: Traditionally, into drums, gongs, cymbals, boards and clock five, according to the manufacturing materials to points, can be divided into metal, wood and leather categories. Rhythmic strong, and has a very deep appeal, especially with a strong national colors.
Depending on their pronunciation can be divided into three categories: First, copper ring, such as a gong, small gong, gongs, cymbals, bells touch; Second, sound wood, such as panels, clapper, wooden fish; three, leather, such as the size of the drum , Ban Gu, ranked drums, elephant-foot drums.
Bowed Instruments: Due to excellent pronunciation, a very rich expressive power, high performance skills and artistic level, bowed instrument is widely used in solo, trio, ensemble and accompaniment.
Typical instruments: erhu, Banhu, gehu, dances and music, Ai Jieke, Pipa, Zhonghu, gaohu.

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