Woodblock New Year pictures of zhuxianzhen Yangliuqing, Weifang, Shandong Province Jiangsu Taohuawu New Year and said the four Chinese New Year. New Year as a wonderful work of art unique to China, China’s ancient essence of folk art. Zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures, not only has high artistic value, but also highly ornamental value.
Zhuxianzhen in Kaifeng City, Henan Province, 10 km south, although it is a small town, next to the middle of the Qing Dynasty but Central Plains providers dock hub, commercial development and economic prosperity. Collectively referred to as China’s four famous towns and Hankou in Hubei Province town of Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province, the town of Foshan, Guangdong.
Origin Introduction
The Kaifeng zhuxianzhen, since ancient times, is China’s four major commercial port city. Recently, zhuxianzhen named “China’s most beautiful towns and villages, so we walked together into the zhuxianzhen appreciate its heavy cultural history and beautiful ancient weathering.
Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai’s masterpiece “valiant”, “Sunburn taste Zhu Hai, held a feast to persuade Hou Ying”. Warring States period warriors Zhu Hai chivalrous extraordinary, by Xinling trust. According to legend, Zhu Hai to live in a village called fairy village, it said Zhu Hai Zhu Xian, known as the hometown of Zhu Hai zhuxianzhen Town, which is the origin of a zhuxianzhen.
Tracing the historical origins of
Woodblock New Year pictures of zhuxianzhen dating back more than 800 years of history, was born in the Tang, Song Xing peak in the Ming, has a long history, has a long history, known as the originator of the Chinese woodblock New Year pictures.
Emperor Taizong life painters painted generals, Qin Qiong, Gunter portrait hanging palace gates to ward off evil spirits, to become the beginning of the goalkeeper, due to its use of a large quantity of hand-painted paintings alone is difficult to meet the demand, so folk artists woodblock engraving to mass production, which development nearly New Year customs in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, which brought summing up of former experience, promoting the sandwich world, the end of many years of turmoil, for the edification of his subjects, established artists from life the Art Gallery Daizhao painted engraved picture, posted on the marketplace restaurant thus creating the height of the situation of the woodblock New Year pictures, the Song Doudong Beijing is the political, economic, and cultural center, around a large number of businessmen flock to the capital. Artists around the painters gathered with this, Bao Jian Song “Mapping” CLASSICS to life Art Academy Daizhao Gao Keming, in’s Engraving “toward the training Kam map awarded with the royal clan and ministers,
On some good will effect a lot of the public sectors to promote the development of secular literature and art; provides a rich soil of active secular literary and gave creative New Year. Coupled with the invention of movable type, the Song Dynasty in woodblock carving almost unemployed, this woodblock workers are to find a way out, the heavily involved Diaoyin woodblock New Year pictures, woodblock New Year pictures in the Song Dynasty industry toward prosperity.
Its production woodblock engraving version combined watermark chromatic, a wide range of the main the various God Code, Zhong Kui, goalkeeper, pommel horse figures, dolls ladies, Gods Jubilee, the original pigment used for the mine plant processed drift color sequence: Danhong, Pseudomonas, as red, the Huai yellow, Kwai purple, red, ancient paper mainly white hemp paper, hemp paper focus on color, uniform color, colorful, solemn and profound themes and content mostly drawn from the historical drama, Romance novels, fairy tales and folklore. New Year strong local flavor, strong civil Sex, has a unique local color and simplicity of ancient ethnic style, is a wonderful work of folk art and craft.
Development of this end of Song, woodblock New Year pictures to become Kaifeng, Henan zhuxianzhen, the dominant industries According to the “Tokyo Menghualu ‘records, then Tokyo Kaifeng nearly year-old festival marketplace are printed to sell goalkeeper, Zhong Kui peach version, the Spring Festival and financial door blunt donkeys, deer turning horse the day trip postings can be seen, when the printing and sale of the woodblock New Year pictures in Tokyo and the surrounding area zhuxianzhen unprecedented. Not only private workshops all over the official printing Square in the capital, and even the the Song Shi officer Ting also hosted offering New Year workshop. Integration of government-run and private workshops, the development of woodblock New Year pictures become inevitable.
End of the Northern Song Dynasty, due to Kinbyo invasion, the fall of Kyoto, the prosperity of the people and culture gradually Depression. A large number of New Year artist living on the Yangtze River, Tokyo New Year artist or Jin go into captivity, or fled to the other party, loss lazy to do now Kaifeng paintings former glory can only be seen from the literature. Intergenerational transmission of only zhuxianzhen artist art of woodblock New Year pictures. The first Ming after the reunification of domestic economic development, the development of the mid-Ming handicraft industry to promote the development of the workshop, over a thousand when the Ming zhuxianzhen famous workshop Shanxi opened the Jintai Yong firm, to recruit workers, thousands of sets of engravings , Henan Xinshengrong, firm New Year are exported to all over the country far grain recanalization of the river, zhuxianzhen the river extending in all directions, then became the commercial center of the Central Plains. Woodblock New Year pictures rapid recovery in the prosperous commercial port, trading is booming, Barghouti’s reputation. It contains, zhuxianzhen was engaged in this industry more than 300. In the late Qing Dynasty, blocked river zhuxianzhen, waterway barrier, woodblock New Year pictures and other business are becoming increasingly depressed.
Mid-Qing Dynasty zhuxianzhen has more than 40 production workshops, more than 2,000 people in the New Year production, Shandong, Anhui, Hebei, Jiangsu and other places customer after another, business is Xing Yu SHENG Rong, Jin Taiyong, rope art shops, vibration Source Wing, German source, days Ede, Wan-Tong, MassMutual, the Tiancheng Germany, large Tiancheng Tiancheng, Cao, two-in-two-in-Yong, heavens, Tin Shing, and into Tin Shui Tian Yi, Wan and, Yongsheng Xiang, Tai Seng, three justification. Civil New Year more zhuxianzhen old engraved font For example, there “Kirin has ever been” Japan’s war of aggression against the outbreak of the refuge relocation of some of the foreign firm, some firms have moved into the development of Kaifeng, lithograph rise of woodblock New Year pictures industry has been depressed, art shops and more operators incense, candles, paper guns only when the goalkeeper will zhuxianzhen into some farmers printing New Year sales before the Spring Festival, maintain strong free. Kaifeng was the New Year more than 10 workshops, mainly concentrated in the East Main Street, West Street, Zhongshan Road and bookstores Street. Famous old “Kymmene” “vibration source Wing”, “Clouds”, “Hung Kee”, “day welfare”. November 15 of each year listed customers car shipment from Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu province set out, it is truly exciting.
1953, Kaifeng City, organized folk artists established woodblock New Year pictures Productions, dissolution of the Cultural Revolution, the reform and opening up, zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures Henan zhuxianzhen, social organizations or institutions established in 1983, woodblock New Year pictures of traditional crafts excavation and finishing.
Art Features
Woodblock New Year pictures of zhuxianzhen Taohuawu the reason and of Yangliuqing of, Jiangsu, Shandong Weifang, Sichuan Mianzhu and known as the famous New Year, is determined by its unique style. New Year pictures zhuxianzhen full composition, the line thickness expansion concise, exaggerated modeling simple, fresh and bright colors. Characters big head small body, both comedy and feel well-proportioned and comfortable. Some parts of the New Year the face of the person to play more red face ornaments, and New Year of zhuxianzhen does not hit the red face, looks very natural and harmonious. Chinese traditional arts and crafts, many made of tiger or painted yellow tiger or red tiger, and New Year of zhuxianzhen is purple tiger. This does not adhere to the traditional creative approach by the attention and praise of Chinese and foreign art world. [2]
Woodblock New Year pictures of zhuxianzhen very particular about the use of color, minerals, plants as raw material, their own hand-ground pigments, pigment grind add boiling water, filtered, and the use of color printing, color is very pure, crisp and bright printed New Year, eventually becoming faded full symmetry, composition, simple lines and rough, exaggerated modeling simple, unique artistic style.
New Year zhuxianzhen attaches great importance to traditional Chinese culture, with the color concept of the five elements, the use of black, patina, Cassia yellow, red, Zhang Dan, Kwai purple in color supplemented with hematoxylin red, gold, silver, up to the total number of colors 9 to 10. Folk used to say: “Huang see purple, ugly death.” The Kaifeng zhuxianzhen New Year yellow and purple color matching, color thick, strong contrast, not only unsightly suspected, but colorful, magnificent, the joy of the New Year with civil atmosphere coordinated.
New Year zhuxianzhen can be divided into three categories, one is the gods painting, such as Zao Jun God, the god of heaven and earth, goalkeeper, zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures, most of the goalkeeper, the goalkeeper Qin Qiong, Yuchi Jingde two generals Lord. The other is the painting of folk tales, folklore, Romance novels, drama story to characterize the object composition full, no background, character emotes to show the story, pure and contagious. The third category is: auspicious paintings, dolls, ladies.
Its main features are: 1, colorful: Door God zhuxianzhen, use of color, very particular about color formula is based on the traditional techniques of the nation, using the traditional process, refining the preparation, such as pigment printing New Year pictures , colorful, long time, does not wear, showing the contrast, color and vigorous style.
2, the image the exaggeration: Door God zhuxianzhen, from the layout point of view, to express more positive hero heroic image of the screen, Creating the Heroes, an order to righteousness, loyalty, simple, exaggeration, expressing the true image of the hero; people no obsequiousness: zhuxianzhen New Year figure painting, the expression is tall image of the hero, showing a justice, pure and selfless spirit gives a sense of justice to see.
3, rough lines: the layout of the pattern, the lines carved Yin, Yang, Yang thick, bold, strong thickness contrast, ancient portraits of iron line drawing techniques, especially in the drapery and other aspects, the most prominent lines thick solid Chunhou, rather break than bend with the simplicity of the Northern Peoples unique place, thick, robust style.
4 full composition: Door God zhuxianzhen, based on the inherited traditional techniques and composition. Useful distinctive endemic art. The entire screen is full, compact, tight, concise, blank fewer places. Space plus auspicious flowers, to increase the screen’s compact, easy to plate making, screen hierarchy, beauty and strong.
Heritage significance
The zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures, not only has high artistic value, and highly ornamental value, many celebrities have the collection zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures, Lu Xun has given high marks: “zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures, carved lines coarse and health strong, different and elsewhere, is not delicate carved these woodcut is very plain, not coated with powder, the characters nor obsequiousness, the color is very strong local flavor, with the independence of the northern woodblock New Year pictures characteristics. “This is a good summary of woodblock New Year pictures of zhuxianzhen artistic characteristics.
In the twelve existing Kaifeng zhuxianzhen old: 000 with the old, the Tiancheng old, Cao old, day Ede old, the German source Heng old, old Heng Yi Xiang, Clouds old, , is now mining, sorting out the New Year one thousand two hundred and twenty more than 10 blocks of the old version, re-printed history of the old version of the New Year sets, and published the “Chinese woodblock New Year pictures the integration zhuxianzhen volume zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year collection volume, hand-printed antique line is equipped with: the woodblock year zhuxianzhen Paintings> zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year Folk Tales “woodblock New Year pictures of zhuxianzhen scroll” designated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a country gift products, Zhu cents Town woodblock New Year pictures <Four Beauties> selected session of the National Farmers’ Painting Exhibition, Kaifeng zhuxianzhen, paintings artists for the protection of traditional woodblock New Year pictures have done a lot of useful work. However, entire zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures printed very small, basically stay in the cottage-style mode. Artists to master the engraved printing zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures have been few, especially traditional ore, plant Color grinding method has been little known, if not to protect, zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures making skills is likely to be completely dead.
Development prospects
Wood paintings of zhuxianzhen rescue excavation, sorting, it is imperative:
Several years ago, in Kaifeng, vice chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the Chinese Folk Literature and Art Association Chairman Feng Jicai held onto a the exquisite pieces zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures issue “does not step up mining, protection, development, the originator of this New Year is also the danger of extinction “sigh.
Today, through the efforts of all levels of government, zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures have been included in China’s cultural heritage list. Kaifeng engaged artists of woodblock New Year pictures are less and less, still in loss of precious engraving, particularly acute in the Chinese Folk Artists Association named “hometown of Chinese woodblock New Year pictures” zhuxianzhen know how to sculpture, plate The artists have been depleted.
Renhe Lin, vice chairman of the City Folk Artists Association, referring to the pictures, can not help but sigh: “if not timely rescue, excavation, sorting, what about the development of the industry, so what is the innovation and development?”
Of Guo Tai Win: Looking back at once brilliant
Zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures
Zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures (19)
Yun Guo too old people say, the Northern Song Dynasty, the leap in economic development, highly developed technology, woodblock printing industry extremely prosperous. Since the goalkeeper painting steering engraved printing. “The Tokyo Menghualu” such records: “nearly year-old festival marketplace are printed to sell goalkeeper, Zhong Kui, peach version of the Spring Festival and financial door blunt donkey, deer turning horse, Sky Posts.” A “is” word written to make the Tokyo woodblock New Year pictures printing, sale unprecedented. According to historical records, the New Year workshops throughout the capital, and even the the Song Shi court also do workshops. Government and the people competing to do the development and prosperity of woodblock New Year pictures. Developed Ming Dynasty zhuxianzhen Swimming, Kaifeng woodblock New Year pictures printed center be transferred to zhuxianzhen. Ming and Qing Dynasties, zhuxianzhen water and land transportation is developed, merchants, business is booming. Literature: Qing Sheng in the New Year industry nearly 300 more than the late Qing Dynasty still exist more than 70, was written in the early Republican “Yue Fei zhuxianzhen,” it reads: “(woodblock New Year pictures) is the town’s most famous specialty, old Sheng, industry by more than 300 products are sold well in the adjacent provinces, a great exclusive market trend. “the Yellow River near the Pan, zhuxianzhen, the gradual loss of water transport advantages, the town during the war” natural “and its branches have gradually moved to Kaifeng and Zhenyuan Wing, Yasumori source, cloud mind Yuen Cheong more than 60 art shops scattered in the city’s West Street, in the mountain and bookstores Street area, lifting the New Year again printed selling climax. New Year old artist Guo Tai Wan said: “Every year, the Lunar New Year in February production, to Lunar November 15, the customer car shipment set out from Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu and throughout the province, it is truly exciting.”
Renhe Lin: industrialization article essay
City Folk Literature and Art Association, vice chairman of Renhe Lin Chiai New Year Art Research, more than 20 years has been committed to the New Year Survey Research and New Year industrialization explore. In recent years has campaigned for the New Year industrialization development. He told reporters that New Year industrialization of the essay, it is urgent to proceed from the following aspects:
New Year industrialization must first rise to by the height of the government authorities, the establishment of specialized organizations and institutions, to explore the zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures, improvement and development, partial, fragmented, spontaneous state change for the full , standardized and orderly track. Renhe Lin said in earnest, zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures is a valuable cultural heritage of the Chinese nation to stay. These valuable heritage are shared by the whole nation, of course also belong to the people of Kaifeng, belong to the zhuxianzhen people. Kaifeng New Year experts and zhuxianzhen the artist should have opened great culture, the concept of the New Year, stop unnecessary controversy, bury the hatchet, work together, learn from each other, improve the quality of New Year, the industrialization article of the New Year well.
Second, as soon as possible to fund some of the rescue funds to the scattered folk and in the field of historical engraving found, even if it is copied back to the old artists the opportunity to teach the craft down. Renhe Lin said, many of the New Year are solitary, such as Lu Xun’s lifetime collection of New Year. He said: “Over the years, I have sorted out 300 kinds of New Year, as soon as possible, these solitary paintings carved on the picture printed out, and then research, printing, issue.” Renhe Lin particular emphasis on aging veteran artists, certain to find a way to let their skills passed down. He said: “can do some training courses, training some of the young people who love the paintings art, the baton pass down the centuries paintings art.”
Third, the Chinese woodblock New Year pictures originated in Kaifeng, its historical position is self-evident, Kaifeng as soon as possible to build the New Year Art Museum. Renhe Lin told reporters, Yangliuqing wuqiang, Weifang, Yangjiabu, Mianzhu, Taohuawu has a special New Year Art Museum, but in “the hometown of Chinese woodblock New Year pictures and birthplace, now was not designed to display the paintings art museum it a shame, what a pity.
Fourth, the New Year in order to truly achieve industrialization, careful protection of the premise, innovation is essential. Zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year theme, techniques have to advance with the times, should be promoted scientific innovation. Goalkeeper painted by hand-painted woodblock rubbing itself is an innovative product. New Year zhuxianzhen also innovation while inheriting the tradition, only innovation can develop. In the interview, the reporter learned that the New Year grass-roots it in a variety of artistic interpretation of the last century “public” as an excuse to become a darling. But in the 1920s and 1930s, Yangliuqing, Taohuawu, and other places have begun to market segmentation, the traditional New Year off rural areas, innovative New Year off towns. In Tianjin, Shanghai, the New Year “variant” pray for the good folk myths image with commercial meaning of fashion beauty image replaced, or the same with the blessing, pray for the United States, Keyfull meaning of fashion beauty has become a public new idol. The theme of these fashion beauty city New Year popular city. Advertising New Year, the Calendar Year paintings became popular. The public theme emerged in the New Year, New Year fashion beauty, advertising bundled, picture composition and symbol system changes, these new New Year to keep up with the times, full of new vigor and vitality. Renhe Lin said at last: now the province is no longer professional publishing, the Spring Festival New Year market has been occupied by the provinces publications. According to incomplete statistics, in 1996, Henan, there are 100 million door, an essential for a painting. And now more than 10 years, Henan probably well over 100 million door. Door 2 dollars, 3 million to 5 million, Henan New Year Publishing considerable benefits. This should not be pessimistic about the development of promising New Year. Can learn from this experience, zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures industrialization.
There is a market there tomorrow
Marketing Alvin Toffler said it best: “there is a market there tomorrow.” An in-depth rural folk songs writer once wrote: “there is no lack of spiritual nourishment New Year, New Year festive farmers feel posted on Heart of the New Year, it is not the New Year. “In fact, members of the public, so, too, do not put New Year scrolls can count the New Year? New Year paintings, become a social problem. It can be said, has a vast market in China, the New Year. Inexhaustible demand of the masses of the people, the New Year is not going to disappear, then the industrialization of New Year there will be a brighter tomorrow.
