Gong is a class belongs to percussion, made of metal, different places have different gong.
As a circular arc gong, the use of copper structures around it with its own fixed borders; gong flog as a wood hammer. There are a variety of specifications gong body size, small gong with his left hand while playing the gong to mention the body, right hand whip strike gongs; large gong gong shall be hung on the rack to play. Instrument Features: Naruto instruments belonging to the metal body, no fixed pitch. Its sound low, loud and strong, lingering a long lasting. Typically, the gong for the performance of a tense atmosphere and ominous, with a very unique artistic effect.
Structure and composition
Body by the gong gong, gong rack (gong rope), gongs flog three parts (Figure 6). Body brass gongs, because with the “ring of copper” is made, it is also a “ringers,” said. Structure is relatively simple, gongs takes the shape of a disc-shaped, surrounded by its own fixed borders, with the central part of the vibration gong flog percussion sounds.
Generally slightly convex central portion, called umbilical, light, or together, the main part of the pronunciation, umbilical size, thickness and area ratio of the gong, determines the level of the tone, there are no flat central portion umbilical or spherical protrusion semicircle, All these constitute the main features of the gong. Between the navel and the rim is called the platter, “two” or “inside and outside character” in the rim side of the drill holes with two gongs, gong rope line to wear, easy to tie-up or hanging gong stand. For a long time, people of all nationalities through continuous carefully created, due to the application areas and different occasions, in China formed a wide variety, each with splendor gong. According to the shape features can be divided into flat gongs, gong and emulsion-type umbilical gong three categories; press the pronunciation can be divided into high and low gong bass, midrange and treble gong gong three categories; press play forms and compositions can be divided into single gong gong categories.
Gong
In these gongs, the small diameter of only a few centimeters, larger than five meters in diameter. Not only were their different shapes and sounds and effects has its own characteristics. Now more commonly gong gong can be simply divided into large and small gongs, gong gongs four palm. Gong pronunciation lower rim drilling tether, brought his left hand or hang on the shelves, right hand execution whip strike outs; small gong pronunciation higher slope shape appear before the gong, gong umbilical divided into large, medium and small three, treble , midrange and bass of the points, rim without holes, not the Department of gongs rope to lift his left index finger joints inside edge gongs, gong right executive board strike outs; palm gong gong is the smallest one, gongs flat surface without umbilical , shaped like a disc, placed his left hand, the right executive board gong strike outs; gongs are gong melody instrument that can be played by ten small gong surface composition, with a rope tied to the gallows, left hand frame handle, right hand gong flog strike outs. Since the 1960s, this combination gong has developed rapidly, there has been set, row, knitting, piano, 29 tone gongs, XXXVI tone and thirty octaves gongs and other new varieties.
Gong is a traditional Chinese percussion instruments, gongs in China’s national orchestra occupies a very important position, but also very broad range of applications, it is not only in the national orchestra, folk instrumental ensemble, all kinds of drama, opera and dance accompaniment in use, and also celebrated assembly, dragon boat racing, lion dance, celebrate the harvest and labor competition indispensable instrument.
Simple classification
Chinese percussion instrument made according to the different materials, including metal, wood, and other three. Gongs are metal percussion. Gong is made of copper smelting, and its structure is relatively simple, the gong itself was a circular arc, four weeks is gong body frame fixed, the player with a wood hammer percussion gongs central part of the front body, vibration and pronunciation. The earliest use of gong is living in southwest China’s ethnic minorities.
To around the second century BC, with the various ethnic and cultural exchanges increasingly strengthened, gongs and gradually spread to the Chinese mainland. At that time, gong used widely in the war, the ancient military leaders often use gong to direct military operations. Chinese ancient military term “blow retreat” in the “gold” is another name for the ancient gong.
For a long time, due to the application of the regions and of different occasions, forming a type of gongs each with about 30 species, which are commonly used by large and small gong gong two kinds. Large gong gong instrument category is the largest volume among a diameter of 30 cm to 100 cm range.
It is characterized pronunciation liberal, deep and strong, sound soft, lingering long; in big bands, the large gong and enhanced rendering the atmosphere often played the role of rhythm, while in the theater is to enhance the atmosphere and outstanding character, etc. . Small gong into treble, midrange and bass are three 21 to 22.5 cm in diameter, between small gong is a very versatile accompaniment of musical instruments, especially the Chinese opera drama, Peking Opera, Clapper Opera, local opera Flower Drum Opera, etc., as well as folk art, drama, percussion bands and folk dance widely adopted.
Historical development
Far away in the Spring and Autumn Period, China Southwest and southern Baipu Baiyue people, with regard to metal smelting known. Pu gong is an ancient Luo Yue Zhuang ancestors peoples and tribes earliest use of musical instruments. Yunnan is the birthplace of Chinese ancient bronze drums in Jinning Shizhaishan tomb unearthed drums in the middle by the strike at some drumhead hemispherical bulge, and today is very similar, which is a primitive shape of the gong, gong surface of a dancing figure, the edge has a brass ring. Flowers in a wide Xining Ming cliff mural, also holds a collection of many Luo Yue people prompting precious image data.
1978, from the County of Guangxi (cloth, said Han Shan County) Luo Tomb Bay Park, had also early Western Han Dynasty unearthed side Baiyue gong, the gong nearly round, platter diameter 32.1 cm, longitudinal diameter 33.4 cm, diameter 22 cm umbilical gong, gong lined one side cast arch, arch strings tied the three equidistant live ring the gong surface engraved inscription “cloth” word. This is the earliest known Chinese gong kind. Visible, gongs in China has two thousand years of history. Qin and Han dynasties, with the inter-ethnic relations, gongs and gradually spread to the mainland, in the 6th century pre-party to the Central Plains, but found records later. “Old Tang music Zhi” in “Copper pull” article in: “brass pull, too, said the copper coil, the West Xu and Nanban. …… Nanban NUS who circle several feet, ……” This is the number of round ruler of the “copper coil” is gong found in the text of the earliest records. Song Chen? “Raku book” gong mentioned appear in the Central Plains, said: “After Weizi Xuan Wu after the beginning of a good HU tone. JI to move the capital, …… play sand gong.” AD, 515 years after the time when the Tap a small-gong gong called play sand. Ancient, gongs commonly used in rituals and war, had called “golden.” Therefore, “paving the way” and “withdraw troops Ming Jin,” said. In the Song Dynasty, the gong in the form of folk music “Guban” was applied.
Yuan, in addition to various ethnic groups often prompting greet race shrine outside, it is a major drama musical accompaniment. “Lan mining and drama” in there: “holding a few …… gongs, plates and drums ……” sentence. In the “Yuan Shi-chi ritual” started out with clouds (Ji Jin gongs), and describes its shape and playing method, which in addition to the palace pleasures use, also in folk pop, sufficient proof that the manufacture and gongs play has a certain level. After the Yuan Dynasty, with the opera art development, for the use of the gong to open up a vast world. Ming and Qing been widely used in a variety of shapes gong opera music, dance music and traditional advocacy music, percussion music, percussion music in the.
In the opera gong accompaniment plays an important role, according to Qing Li Dou “Pleasure boats” contained, then dance that was used in opera gongs, small gong, gong and a large gong and other soups. China’s large gong also westward in Europe, in 1791, began the great French composer Gesai Ke gong for orchestral works. China’s vast rural and urban, gongs was also the shoulder all the burdens trade by street hawkers and monkey solicit business tools to the unique tone gong instead of selling, called “call first.” Since the 20th century, the gong has been widely used in the minority and Han folk entertainment, festivals, local opera and folk music, to participate in a variety of bands playing.
The earliest use of gong is living in southwest China’s ethnic minorities. To around the second century BC, with the various ethnic and cultural exchanges increasingly strengthened, gongs and gradually spread to the Chinese mainland. At that time, gong used widely in the war, the ancient military leaders often use gong to direct military operations. Chinese ancient military term “blow retreat” in the “gold” is another name for the ancient gong.
Extended connotation
The village gong piece together all the days of incomplete, makes up a circle, so that dream in it echoes. The gong is the most simple language village. Gong in a pure native rhyme, straightforward lyric. Sunrise, the sun is gong; sunset, the moon is gong. Gong farmers left wheel rut marks. Gone through life’s ups and downs, ups and downs that rugged melody and rhythm, the countless custom colors yesterday strung strong that strong Hakka folk songs. Across time, seasons, gong at country road roundabout, sometimes suddenly become a watchman pause, sometimes a warm tone infected distance. May is the most heroic rescue of a village.
Lack of full moon from the moon, gongs vicissitudes. Gong meaningful ups and downs, the villagers hands with cocooning bright plated through gong most auspicious day. Dark and honest face, shiny and unyielding back, farmers in the gongs after Gonggeng in straight backs, hard-working character in farming temper like a gong as shiny. Shocking sonorous gong, the village no longer hidden in the lunar calendar silence. Who hold the fate of the hammer, who can dream sounded loud and clear mind, a strong voice sounded live.
Chinese Percussion
Chinese percussion music, the traditional folk instrumental form, with its long history, Hong Zhuang ethnic style and unique oriental charm known world.
From ancient times, percussion music both as a social and cultural phenomenon, or as a musical category, it is always accompanied by the Chinese people of all nationalities living with thoughts and feelings constantly multiply, heritage and development, as the masses rejoiced at the news music played varieties of art and deeply rooted in the fertile soil of folk music, and it has always played an irreplaceable social spirit that effect.
Recent years. With the general improvement in people’s lives, the recovery of cultural life, as the masses of people’s lives, with percussion music, and more on an unprecedented scale active in the country, professional and amateur two teams and work together to create a Chinese percussion music prosperity. Special percussion musical performances at home and abroad to show the positive stage; percussion music competitions around the extensive development; percussion group of outstanding works have been produced, it can be said, Chinese percussion music since the 1980s, playing with the creative side in an unprecedented development in the musical life in the unique, can be described as a meteoric rise, impressive. And write a new chapter in Chinese percussion music to develop more depth and breadth, as well as rely on musicians who perform music, composers active participation, music theorist theoretical guidance, educators who teach culture.
On Chinese percussion music theory, music, and many older colleagues, in this regard have made considerable achievements, provides us with a valuable learning experience. Chinese percussion music feature on the subject, involving many aspects, this paper only for the band patterns and functional characteristics and performance practices two aspects, combined with my playing and teaching practice, to talk about their superficial experience for everyone questionable.
History
The earliest, gong is an ancient living in Dianchi region Pu Luo Yue Zhuang ancestors tribe and tribal musical instruments used. Guangxi Gui County Bay Tomb in Baiyue has also unearthed Han gong. Visible, gongs in China has 2,000 years of history.
Qin and Han dynasties, with the inter-ethnic relations, gongs and gradually spread to the mainland, was reached early 6th century Central Plains, but later found in the history books.
To the Yuan Dynasty, in addition to race shrine often greet folk gong, the gong or a drama major musical accompaniment.
After the Yuan Dynasty, the continuous development of the art of opera gong to open up the use of a vast world. Gong in the Ming and Qing opera accompaniment plays an important role, according to Qing Li Dou “Pleasure boats” contained, Opera uses gongs, small and large gongs and soup gongs. Over the past century, the gong at the local opera, folk music, folk entertainment and festivals are widely used, and even become hawkers and itinerant entertainers to solicit business tool.
According to incomplete statistics, at present there are about 30 kinds of gong around. In these gongs, the small diameter of only a few centimeters, and their shapes, sounds and effects have their own characteristics. Now more commonly gong gong can be simply divided into large and small gongs, gong gongs four palm.
Name gong Example
A wide variety of large gong
Percussion instruments. Copper, round, flat, about 3_0_ cm in diameter, there is gong door (_ that is gong heart 1_0_ cm diameter circle plane) _, gongs (_ gong heart connected peripherals with bevel) _ two parts. Left hand holding a rope when playing gongs, gong perpendicular to the surface so that the right hand holding hammer to hammer head (_ with Buguo into) _ struck gong gong side door or the pronunciation. Resounding gong sound. Opera used smaller body, said Jing gong. Used for generals or gown with figures on end, or war, and with mutations emotion. Play a critical hit, tap, muted sound, cover tone, hides gong, playing while waiting.
Large gong, gong class instrument body is larger, about 30 cm in diameter. Pronunciation generous, deep, soft tone, rich, lingering very long. It is often instrumental ensemble of folk and opera, dance accompaniment adopted. Some countries in Europe, America and Southeast Asia, irrespective of ship into the water, warships set sail, or bullfighting horse racing, boxing elephant, too, often large gong ming fun. In Western countries, a gong is also used for religious ceremonies or dance accompaniment. In some Southeast Asian ethnic minority areas, large gong with a mysterious, get rid of the devil or as heaven and pray for rain of the Holy Spirit, sometimes passing messages tool.
World famous copy gong
Copy gong, also known as mountain gongs, because they do not scrape sides and gong gong heart and coated with black flags and black gong said. It follows the longest, the most widely used. Far away in ancient times, from the emperor in court, the court party, until the phase patrol in festive folk people, are ultimately used copy gong.
Modern copy gong, different specifications, different purposes. Weight of 1.5 to 44 kg, divided into large, medium and small three: gong surface diameter of 30 to 45 cm for the Cheat Sheet gong for opera and other theater, it is also often clear the way for civil marriage plays a role, it is also known to clear the way gong. Gong surface diameter of 50 to 70 cm for the copy gong, often in small musical groups, orchestras or procession celebration adopted; 80 cm or more large copy gong for large musical groups and orchestras are using. Since the founding of New China, China’s central Orchestra has copied the large gong as a precious gift, a gift to come to our show, the former Soviet Union for cultural exchange, Germany, North Korea, Poland, and the United States some of the leading orchestras, music pass by foreign for friendship with the elephants.
Hoi gong material is copper, especially macro thick sound and echo long, handmade. Weight of 30 kilograms. Ancient official trip, the officers knocked on the front are gong to clear the way. Making way for the very particular: Naruto 7 magistrate under travel time, which means “military and civilian, who have everyone out of the way,” the government official trip, Naruto 9, the meaning is: “official Shi Junmin, etc. Qi out of the way.” Admiral prompting officials when traveling under 11, meaning “the civil and military officials, military and civilian persons out of the way.” If all EC officials when traveling more than 13 bars will have gong gong, meaning “size soldiers and other civil and military officials out of the way.”
Voices diverse small gong
Small gong, gong folk called boring, the northern area called hand gong, Wuhan, said Ban Ban gong gong or echo, said in Beijing opera small gong, gong in the body is smaller, small gong of treble, midrange and bass are three Peking opera , Peking Opera, clapper, Flower Drum Opera as well as other local folk opera, drama, percussion bands and folk dance with musical accompaniment. Past Beijing street hawkers selling pea cakes and playing puppet who used to solicit business small gong as a wake-up head. Also is a gong, gong is smaller because of the name. Copper, round, diameter of about 22 cm, the center slightly raised, not tether. Playing with his left hand finger inside edge gongs given branch, right hand holding a veneer percussion sound. It is bright and crisp sound. Small gong, also known as the Beijing Opera in Beijing, small gong, gong it with the big action in Peking Opera performances with the rhythm of percussion, plays the role of foil and enhance the effect. It percussion music, except sometimes highlighting its characteristic timbre, but also spend percussion plays a rich ensemble effect.
Shaped like a small cap palm gong
Palm gongs, gong in the body is the smallest, only palm-sized, about 10 cm in diameter, gongs flat surface without umbilical, shaped like a disc. Varieties month gongs, gong and horse gong soup variety, very popular in the folk, widely used in local opera, folk music and percussion team.
Gongs art development
Gongs, the ancient name cloud nine folk called gong sound is gong can play tunes in the musical instrument commonly used in folk music, local opera and temple music. After continuous reform, gongs extended range, improved sound quality and beautify the tone, becoming rich expressive solo instrument, used for the national orchestra.
Our early ancestors will pitch up different small gong choreography for music. 600 years ago in the Yuan Dynasty, gongs not only in folklore, and in the use of the court’s pleasures, then called the cloud “Genshi pleasures of the device,” said: “cloud made of copper, small gong thirteen, the same wooden frame, under a long handle, left hand, while the right hand of a small hammer blow. ” Outlines the gongs of shape and playing method. Ancient gongs number varies from the Yuan Dynasty historical records and murals of view, there are 10 tones, 13 tones 14 tones gongs, Qing Dynasty had grown to 24 tone gongs.
