Kiba, a musical instrument popular in many peoples in ancient China, the Miao rich natural colors archaic instrument, blowing Konoha, is a Hmong people of ancient folk art.
1 Introduction
Kiba, Miao, Yao, Dong, Yi, Zhuang, Buyi, Li, Tujia, Lisu, Achang, white, Dai, water, Hani, Gelo, Mulao, Mao Nan, Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan, Han and other ethnic Shan reed instrument gas alarms. Long known as Black Hmong not promote Ge brain. Dong language called Pakistan eyebrow, not Los Ga. Yi said Siqie, Siqie ugly woman. Zhuang said that thanks to America. Widely popular in Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan, Inner Mongolia and northeast around.
In China and South Africa, southwest clear rivers on both sides of the mountain road in Yunnan, Guizhou plateau, often you can hear the waves of high-pitched, melodious music, which is the intelligent minority peoples, using a glossy, with toughness oval leaves, crisp, bright tone playing through a variety of techniques and issued the mountain like a versatile singer in the joy of singing. Kiba is a natural human nature has given instrument, loved by Chinese people of many ethnic minorities. Leaves are small, awesome, music and moving, unique style.
2 Related legend
Version of a
On the origin of blowing Konoha in Southeast Miao village in circulating such a story: a long time ago, there was a young guy called ginger brother Hmong nine, there is a girl called Hom brother nine, their home was a mountain barrier the year round shall meet. Once, when they “swim party” (ie, young men and women to romance with antiphonal singing) at first sight. Not long after the girl went to Jiang brother nine came, but the guy does not like the girl’s mother, always wanted to call her. In order to retain the girl, ginger brother nine on malingering bedridden girl will always Liuzaishenbian serve. I do not know Hom brother nine meter, serving three load but not recovered, he held up the burden unhappy to leave. Jiang brother nine out of hot pursuit, he pulled off the front of the pepper leaves, blow on the mouth spit the truth. Konoha sound beautiful and sincere flying fields, hills, blown hillside, while the girl heard back, the guy’s mother to see such an affectionate girl, then do not drive her away. They form a happy marriage, since then, they had a happy life on harmony.
Buyi circulating in an old folk songs: Alpine Konoha from piles, unfortunately princes will not blow, which when blown Kiba called, not only the media with Kiba.
Version two
Legend orphan Dan Ye, industrious and simple to collect firewood to sell grass for a living, yet years to 25 years old wife. One day, he was on the way back rest firewood, firewood saw a close call leaves rolled up close, the micro wind blows, even given the melodious “whining” sound, he tried to pick off a blow, and the leaf ringing the music. Since then, he cut firewood mountain every day, should pick a few leaves blowing, blowing a seven twenty consecutive day, skillful playing, he can own joys and sorrows of life and suffering mood, with twenty-one kinds of hi angry dirge tunes expression. Surprisingly, this beautiful sounds of music, actually struck a chord with the sky fairies, despite her heavenly taboos, resolutely down to earth and Dan Ye “Langshao” (Buyi language for romance meaning). Dan leaves on the south Yongsan, fairies slope in north Phoenix, each with Kiba sound waves transmit the song after song whistle, blowing you a song, a song I answer you, two more to go with the more recent blow when Dan leaves walked between two mountains, saw fairies like camellias like shyly waited, her hand holding a tender does not old leaves. They became close, farming men and women weave live a better life. Since then, Buyi on Xing blow Kiba, young men and women to transfer affection with Kiba sound, very early produced the song “Kiba not only the media,” the love song. Buyi legend like this, in other ethnic Lisu, etc. are also very popular, blowing leaves invite love custom remains today.
3 Instrument selection
Blowing Leaves, to choose good species, usually structural symmetry orange, grapefruit, poplar, maple, holly and other non-toxic leaves, leaf, front, rear, both sides should be smooth, with flexible moderate, not old not tender leaves better. Too tender leaves soft, easy to pronounce; old leaves hard, not soft tone. The size of the leaves have a great relationship for playing too large or too small leaves neither will play, pronunciation is not centralized. General use of leaf to leaf length 5.5 cm, the middle lobe width of about 2.2 cm more appropriate. Impatience with blowing leaves, leaf blowing a few tattered will be weak, can not be reused, so those who need more playing time playing alternate leaves.
4 Play mode
When playing, we first have to wipe the blade clean dust adhesion, cross affixed to the front of the blade lips with his right (or left) index finger, middle finger slightly diverge, gently stick to the back of the blade, hold the blade reverse thumb lower edge, so that the index finger, middle finger on the edge slightly higher than the lower lip and hold the blades. Use appropriate air blowing leaf edge, the blade vibration pronunciation. Kiba is a reed, mouth like a resonance box, his hands can also help play a resonance effect, strength through the mouth, lip, tongue control, finger tighten or loosen the blades and other techniques to change the vibration frequency of the blade, can play a level , the strength of the different sound, range up to eleven second time. To make it emit different sounds, you need to use a different way of playing, usually holding down the second half of the leaf, with the air blowing on it and a half tablets, as well as in one hand and hold the blade, gently pat the other hand, like a harmonica as , both sent to the sound resonate, sound waves can produce; while skill is relatively high leaf folder in the lips, do not hand that is able to play, like blowing bamboo flute as low as melody, send Jihuan there are other air, playing a beautiful melody; superb playing skills especially impressed more people who can one simultaneously blew two Konoha, not a finger to help, can also play the moving tunes. When Kiba playing bass, you need to use a different gas, also will suddenly loose lips suddenly tight, controlled airflow sent. Leaves can not breathe freely blowing, staccato, special attention tunes sleek and smooth, melodious.
Leaves and small suona similar tone, crisp and bright, melodious, approximate the human voice, saying: “silk as good as bamboo, bamboo is better meat,” and this little one leaves, but it can be comparable with the human voice, like a man like the sound of singing and having Shan flavor. It can be solo, ensemble or for singing, dancing accompaniment, has a very rich expressive power, most played songs selected from hi heard people sing folk music tunes. In Hunan and other places, but also with Kiba for opera accompaniment. In Bai, Dai, Kiba also used white drama, Dai opera music.
5 differences around
Black Hmong is not a dragon, is the Miao people of Guizhou, Yunnan, Hunan, Guangxi and other provinces, districts favorite wind instrument, multi-use orange leaves, grapefruit leaves and holly leaves play. Miao people near the river area, as well as the use of large scale piece play, both durable and pronunciation loud. Blowing Leaves particularly favored by the Hmong youth, it is closely linked to love life. People often say: Blowing Leaves can get love, Kiba sound harbinger of happiness. Miao folk such a song sings: “? Konoha a song a song, two songs Kiba turned hillside, Three Leaves turning fork, when Mei have to see brother” in the Miao region, whenever the occasion on Long Delicate , it will smell pleasantly Konoha Village sound from the side, it is the young lad invited the girl out of the “wandering”, the girl can blow tunes based on Konoha, identify their lovers. So Miao folk songs, the “Green leaves blowing Konoha betray, love betray younger,” and the like words. In Miao, the elderly and women are not blowing Konoha, only young boy is blowing Konoha experts. Until today, whenever young men and women held a “wandering”, “Rocking Horse Boy”, “flowers Mountain” and other social, love activity, melodious sound come Konoha. Pingbian Miao Autonomous County of Yunnan Province, Miao young man with black dragon blowing solo does not “taste”, the melody soft, crisp, spit sound pure, clear, portamento lyrical, naturally, has a unique style Miao.
Guangxi Yao love with banyan leaves, longan leaves, olive leaves and lychee leaves play. Yao has ancient custom, the annual Spring Festival to the previous spring, every family prepare dinner drink, greeting each string Village, boys and girls are playing Kiba, dancing. In the annual “Lang Ping” Song of the meeting, everywhere sounded melodious tactful, beautiful sounds of Konoha sound.
Live in Guizhou, Guangxi and Hunan Provinces Dong people, the Palestinian eyebrow multi camphor trees, ash trees slightly harder texture, toughness of leaves son, pronunciation bright and melodious. And more generally for outdoor play during the day, such as the mountains of labor, often playing on the road amused when walking. In addition to solo, but also often Songs accompaniment. Dong Young, playing popular songs Konoha tune in QianDongBan Tianzhu County area popular “play folk songs,” sung to the accompaniment chimed in with Kiba it from the “early encounter” to “asin taste.” , in the middle, including “Love,” “Wife,” “vernacular”, “separation” and other songs tune, is dedicated to Chuanqingdayi. Every year since July 15, Sansui County, Guizhou Province, Guizhou inhabited area, Dong Xiang young men and women near the border, have to catch the scenic mountain mountain of holiness, antiphonal singing, blowing Kiba County Museum also organizes competitions, winners often become the girl’s loved one.
Yi’s Siqie are Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces Yi people favorite instrument, generally used evergreen leaves or sycamore leaves play. Liangshan Yi said Kiba leaf flute, spread in large Liangshan region folktale “goose girl”, vividly describes the smart pot Zhuang Wazi, a good hand blown flute leaves, geese girl drew a good companion form story. Luxi County, Yunnan Yi youth, with Siqie playing the “mountain tune” exceptionally appealing. Guizhou Province Yi areas for common folk accompaniment Kiba, said two parts folk accompaniment is “upside down”, accompaniment part three songs called “three upside down.”
Zhuang worship beauty, strong family favorite, the most widely circulated musical instruments, more choice of banyan, longan, litchi, olives and other relatively soft, resilient leaves play. Settlements in Guangxi, Yunnan and other provinces, the District of Zhuang people, often in the labor rest, go to the market and antiphonal singing competitions string Village and other occasions blow Konoha, is inseparable from the life of the instrument, both in the mountains and the forest, or on, getting off the road, ready to be heard playing Kiba’s “folk tune,” sung as a folk song: “The sun came out bright red, picking up a hoe to work, more than a few percent increase this year, blowing Konoha Hing Fung.” Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yunnan folk songs have such sings: “the love blowing strong family Kiba, grandchild generation pass a generation, the old one blew bitter water, now a drunk mind blowing.” when young lad to Zhuang Hui antiphonal singing songs, Leaves used to pour Zhongchang girl. Luxi County, Yunnan Zhuang family guy, especially love blowing “folk tune.”
Buyi youth also like to use Kiba teaser, the girls often after dinner, dressed waiting for the arrival of her lover, there is a “wave Whistle Song” sing: “The main room lighting next corner, behind the house came the sound of Konoha , Kiba stick like dial lights at night to dial sister’s heart “in Xiangxi Tujia and circulating this love song:.” blowing sound Konoha sing song voice, Kiba fell nine rivers, Trinidad hear Kiba called, Miles Lang heard singing. ”
Blowing Leaves spread extremely common in Bai, Bai people inhabited in Dali, commonly used bamboo, willow, chestnut leaves and pear leaves play. Skilled folk artists, playing methods varied, including Heqing County farmer Zhang first blind artist, he often exercise a person bangdi and Kiba two instruments playing, sometimes loud siren, sometimes leaves melodious sound, the performance of antiphonal singing of happy young men and women scene, the music of “plum tune” and so on.
Aqua people love blowing leaves, the most popular in Guizhou Province and Yunnan Province in Sandu Shui Autonomous County Fuyuan, the young men and women in social activities and love life chum companion, they used Konoha teaser, express feelings, often playing music there. “mood “and so on.
Settlements in the three northeastern provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China Manchu, Mongolian people, it is good at playing Kiba. ? Song Lee and other series, “Tai Ping Yu Lan” (Kango August) in: “barbarian volume of Lu Ye blow to merry also.” Especially among young men and women, Kiba was they set up a pass Magpie Bridge to happiness. In Mongolia, people often play the two together with Kiba folk songs, sometimes with flute accompaniment for Konoha. Visible, Kiba and ethnic youth love life are closely related.
6 Development heritage
Kiba, is the simplest and oldest musical instruments. Hunting era of primitive society, who used to hunt birds onomatopoeia, then gradually transformed into sound generation to the music, to sound accompaniment of an instrument. For thousands of years, blowing Konoha vibe is not bad, but later found in historical records. Tang Dynasty, blowing Konoha more prevalent in the royal court orchestra is also a place, officially for “ten music” and “clear music” in. “Old Tang music records,” said blowing Kiba as “Xiao Ye.” And describing court music “Ye two songs two.” Shows that the band has two vocalists, blowing leaves accompanist duo. Former Lingnan Jiedushi Du Tang Dynasty, with expertise in research blowing leaves, his “Tongdian” (Volume one four) said:? “Title leaf and tsunami, the sound of the Qing Zhen, tangelo (leaf) especially good; or clouds roll Lu Ye whom, such as wars first also when, “” New Tang Chi music “is more clearly documented playing banquet has” blown leaves one person. “It is worth mentioning: When the band played like “King Wan Qing River Song” and “Colourful Plumage” and other important music, but also must have blown leaves. At this time of Konoha has been worth double, a grand courtesy. Tang Dynasty poet, in the “willow leaves word eight” (six) vividly writes: “Su daughter (the Six Geisha Su Xiaoxiao) old famous, Wind in the Willows ago do not love, stripping of the plate for coral kind, leaf blowing jade flute “Y. Lang Tang Dynasty poet, in the” smell blowing Yang Ye who two “poem depicts a more vividly:.”. wonderful blow Yang Jia Ye moving sad, Humayun if the wind starting to hate credit Yanmen cold moonlit night, you should roll to make surprise sand. “”Art is more naturally a no ethics, very few bright quiet sound wonderful ecstatic. Blowing at parting pull down, when there should be combined heartbroken man.” Visible, then people will relish playing the high skill of Konoha, big music touching charm a. When the Late Tang, Luoyang, there was singer named switchgrass, the annual party 17 years old, had been good at blowing leaves music, she was under the orchestral accompaniment to playing “day sea breeze Tao of the song, the sound of breaking quiet resentment memory “so that the listener all very touching, stunned. Tang Dynasty in the literature, but also ethnic groups in southwest China recorded playing Konoha text, at the time of Nanzhao region (now Yunnan Dali), it often leaves the sound express love when young men and women in love. Fan Cheuk Tang Dynasty’s “pretty book” are: “vulgar law, at the child widow, children out of the juvenile can not help twilight night parade and Folk, blowing pot Lu Sheng or blowing leaves, rhyme among all focussed on words, with the phase called. “Five Former Shu in Chengdu, Sichuan tomb of emperor Wang twenty-four relief in music and dance, among them a musician playing the mouth with an image of Konoha, he seats sites feet, being lapel sitting right hand two fingers diverge Rotary lobe , the left hand is also holding a bunch of leaves alternate, facial expressions realistic, lifelike. The complete proof of the above, as early as 1000 years ago, Kiba not widely circulated among the people, and the Tang Dynasty, Former Shu court orchestra of common instruments.
Modern development
After the 1950s, Kiba been evolving art, poetry and more people are playing Kiba has detailed, vivid description. 钟黔宁 in “Kiba” wrote: “off the fresh green green leaves, tightly attached to the thick lips poured it sound so wonderful, with seedlings of native mountain atmosphere spinner …… if seedlings. . family’s entire life and love, are injected between your tendons, “Zhang Xinquan in” Konoha sound “, then spoke in detail Konoha Magical:” …… ‘talk’ hunting ‘talk’ spring … visitor down … not shout ‘walking’, green leaves attached to the mouth, give you a mountain of green, semi Yaishan flowers, Kiba sound, strong like wine. night dating afraid ‘fans to’ place ‘write’ in the leaves on a low to a loud bang, the heart on the road, much brighter, “Xiao Hua, General also wrote about Kiba playing this art form, and to give a high evaluation:.” like Dai blowing leaves, etc., are all beautiful sounds the instruments, which are for the motherland’s art adds color. “since the 1980s, blowing Konoha again into the art of music hall, often in concert performances, and for the soundtrack. Buyi Konoha Huaxi hand Luo Road, skilful, awesome, blow with the flat of his ultra-blowing skills and can play the nearly three octaves, he blew Konoha Konoha concerto with orchestra solo “Mainz quinoa red”, has made irrigation LPs, welcomed by music lovers. In the story of the movie “baptism of blood and fire”, there is a ballad featuring the richest man in Fujian “Bitter Song”, which is often learned from the Beijing Workers troupe Yin with Kiba accompaniment. In addition, “From slavery to the generals”, “black face” and other film music, but also the use of a blow Konoha. Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan white troupe Zhaohuai Li, through repeated practice, will moderate hardness of the plastic film cut to the appropriate size blade shape for playing, received very good results, pronunciation sensitive, strong or weak structured, range up to three octave playing skills with a single spit, spit double flower tongue, portamento, vibrato, etc., may play a more difficult song, so Kiba musical art has been further developed.
