Corbel piano, strings bow is Dong Ming instruments. Qin slender body shape due to cow thigh named. Dong said the give, give, give Ning, hook the AES. Each give, give are two empty strings pronunciation of euphony. Also known as cattle Pakistan legs. Historic, specifications and diverse, tone soft, mainly for Dong Dong folk songs and opera accompaniment. Popular in Southeast Guizhou Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Rongjiang from the river, Liping, Guangxi Sanjiang, meltwater channels and Dong Autonomous County in Hunan Province and other Guizhou, Guangxi and Hunan provinces, districts bordering the vast Dong regions.
Origin
About corbels piano history, the folklore of an ancient legend: long long ago, in a Southeast Dong cottage, lived poor, the rich two people. Rich bite dogs often rely on wealth and the poor, the poor, not weakness, to rise up against the dog killed, from two days of deep hatred. Once, the poor see the cattle owner was bullied, rushed to help, the rich Xianshibumiao also released their cattle to. Since then, people fight, fighting cattle with cattle, leaving the entire cottage no peace. There is a god descended to mediate, to give each person a Lusheng, let them go blowing string Township Walled forget battle. The cow did not listen to summon, the more the more fierce fighting. Fairy worried cattle arena again provoke people’s old enemy, shortness of breath and put two cows under the hind legs to cut off. Two cows can no longer fight, although unresolved conflicts can be poor, but never lost cattle, he sadly holding bracket crying incessantly. Subject corbel rot, and he made a wooden corbels, still holding it he touched, while telling its own difficulties. Then, later on gradually formed a piano in the folklore of corbels and corbels Qin Ge
Historical records
History is far more glorious, but no documented historical records of its initial years. Both ancient Qin Dong corbels, and is the only stringed instrument. To the Ming Dynasty, Tianru Cheng “line side note Wen ยท barbarians” contains: “Dong people, one said Cave Man, scattered in? Zangke, dance Creek community, in Chen, Yuan who in particular much. …… Men Division head, Acts Municipal, or Ta Mulv to dart crossbow from Sui; leisure is blowing Lusheng, Kiba, playing stringed fiddle, lute, arm eagle by dogs for fun. “which is written” erxian “, that today’s corbels piano.
Traditional corbel piano (figure) and the body is made of wood with a whole paragraph. Folk mostly self-occupied, not only the materials used are different, piano sizes are also different sizes, there is no uniform standard, the general length of 50 cm to 85 cm, more use of locally produced pine, paulownia, pine, piles of wood, Young wood or hardwood production, in order to use texture straight, no section scar fir better. Half wood resonance box tied one end of a long carved gourd-shaped abdominal digging, Paulownia sheet on which a face mask to the piano back was shaped bottom, piano box length 22 cm to 36 cm wide and 8 cm to 12 cm, thickness 5 cm ~ 6 cm, middle panel right (or left) opened a round sound hole, can be inserted frets. Headstock square cylindrical, flat no ornaments, length 7 cm to 12 cm wide and 4 cm to 6 cm, the string after the opening slot on each side set up a hardwood pegs (left right) or two-axis co-located on the right headstock has two lower front open string holes to wear strings. Neck before the flat after the round, the narrow width, length 22 cm to 38 cm, with the headstock phase, under the piano box is connected and muddy as a whole, positive for Anxian, no fretboard and taste. In the panel below 2/3 of the disposal of bamboo or wooden bridge Qin Ma, the bottom has a leather tie strings to the tailpiece. ZHANG two strings, initially with a fine coir rope, later renamed the stringed, now more steel stringed. Bows with a thin bamboo pole for the bow, the two ends together with brown silk or tail, bow length 55 cm to 65 cm. In addition, there is a small size of the calf leg piano, piano body length of only 18 cm to 20 cm, popular music Rongjiang County, Guizhou Province in the vicinity.
Playing
Corbel Qin Dong language called “fruit Kat.” Qin made with fir scoop shape, surface mounted sheet constitutes a resonance box. Two strings, five degrees tuning, Bows general use erhu bow. Because of the shape corbels, piano-side two corners like croissants, also known as “cattle Pakistan leg”, “claw chord.” Playing piano on the left wrist, back and forth about turning a little like playing the violin method and attitude. Or Zilazichang, male or female pulling sing. Used for travel time playing and singing love songs, bass playing, singing softly, unique charm. Wedding ensemble with this piano and lute, convey a warm festive atmosphere.
Playing, can be sitting or standing position. Sitting slightly more use of corbel piano, the lower end of the piano box sandwiched between his knees, piano facing forward, left hand holding a harp Anxian, right hand bow to pull the string playing outside; standing multi-use smaller corbels piano , the top end of the piano in the left shoulder and left chest, between the piano facing up, left, left hand holding the neck, with the index finger, middle finger and ring finger Anxian, right hand on the bow to pull the string playing. This playing method in our ethnic folk stringed instrument is extremely rare, it is somewhat similar to the posture of playing the violin. Also played the piano while walking corbels. It is tuned for different purposes and from region to region and are different, mostly between five degrees tune a stringed instrument, also according to four degrees, a minor third interval is tuned in, tuned in general often: g, d1, c1, g1; d1, a1; d1, g1 or e1, g1. Playing with only one of the bits, the range is only one octave. Corbel piano has distinctive features is its use of brown silk bow hair friction coir string, so it’s pronunciation Xianrou and slightly hiss, soft tone, volume is small, and with the human voice, singing very closely combined with distinctive national characteristics and the strong local style. Often played in the sound hole to insert a slightly smaller diameter roundwood nails as frets, through the promotion, pull or rotate the dowel, you can adjust the volume and tone piano. Often play the same chord with a pair of five degrees and tone. Corbel is mainly used for a variety of genres piano Songs and Dong opera accompaniment, but also solo or ensemble, often Zilazichang.
Status
In the Dong people’s cultural life, corbels piano occupies an important position, is corbel Qin Ge, Dongzutaige and narrative song without musical accompaniment, is widely used. Qin Ge Ga Dong called corbels each give, give Ga, Ga December (pull throat song) or Gaang (indoor song), etc., melody short, simple structure, speed, genteel, Dong unmarried young men and women are “OK song sitting sister, “pour out love in a major way. Ballad Dong said Ga embarrassed, mostly folk singer Zilazichang, with the song accompaniment carried out from time to time sandwiched interlude, beautiful melody, rhythm and smooth, like an endless stream trickle Rippling Brook, sounds appealing, turns songs were ecstatic, the listener has Hing. Better known folk artists corbel piano are: Guizhou Liping Shi Guoxing, Sanjiang, Guangxi Luo wins gold.
When night fell Dong beautiful home in the next month when Delicate, light strands will be heard from the village corbel sweet music, which is calling Lohan (unmarried boys) pour out love to the girl? Listen, girl It also lyrical love songs accompanied by piano music corbel fly away. In Dong, unmarried young people devoted to courtship musical instruments, small size of the bracket to be the kind of piano, and in Rongjiang Lok Lane area, almost every Lohan has one. When the young men and women love, the young man in the middle of the night to board a canoe stairs, climb loved living in the attic window, pulled calf leg piano to woo the girl, this piano neither awakened parents, but also wake lovers. In this specific case, the Mavericks played the piano legs, concluded many happy marriage.
Reform
Reform corbel piano, Ming Dong bow string instruments. Rongjiang popular in Guizhou Province from the river, Liping and Guangxi Sanjiang, melt water and other places.
Since the 1950s, Dong folk artists and musicians, piano corbel in succession on the basis of traditional features for small volume, defects and poor sound quality, carried out continuous reform. First, expand the resonance box, panels replaced by a flat arch, the sound hole on the panel also expanded accordingly; frets instead of the active circular wooden fixed frets, support in the face, between the backplane and choose the best location; addition of the fretboard, easy to change the Anxian; has used stringed and steel strings, improved sound quality; switch long tail bow performances. Expanding the volume and range, so sonorous piano crisp, bright tone sounds. Some are still set to the rear bracket piano curved metal frame, play by play when relying on the arms, so that the piano can be fixed, both to reduce the burden on the left hand, but also enrich and develop musical skills.
Guizhou Rongjiang County Museum Liao Qun Qin corbel full production reforms, using the “inverted tree” for the violin wood, in addition to the reforms, the piano back center thickness of 2.5 cm, headstock changed by the rectangular-shaped hooves, replaced by the front opening chord groove after opening pegs increase horns decorated handle end for easy tuning, oxtail-shaped sound hole from round to make corbels piano “cow” features more prominent, the volume increased significantly, sound more mellow and beautiful. For solo, ensemble or accompaniment to folk songs and dances. By Dong people welcome and praise, has been in several counties near Backstage adoption.
Museum store
Academy of Music in Beijing, China Art Research Institute of Chinese musical instruments museum, a collection of two corbels piano, piano bodies are made of a single piece of cedar, piano shaped exactly the same length was 49 cm and 52 cm. Resonance box elongated gourd shape, Mongolia Paulownia panel. Where a piano box length 22 cm, maximum width 8.2 cm, 5 cm thick at the most, middle right panel to open a round sound hole, 1 cm in diameter. Headstock square cylindrical, flat no ornaments, string slot open after right and left sides each have an axis. Hard wooden pegs, cones, shaft length 10 cm, straight shank engraved with flap pattern. Long narrow neck, before the flat after the round, the narrow width, the lower part of the piano box connected as one. Middle of the panel set bamboo bridge the bridge. ZHANG two stringed, strings from the string holes piercing headstock front, bottom hinges on leather tie strings. Sasai horsetail is based on the bow. This whole body painted with blue paint piano, made in 1958, by the hands of artists between Guizhou Liping Min has been included in “Chinese musical instrument field guide” large pictures in.
Bass piano corbels
Bass corbel piano, Dong Ming new bow string instruments. Design and development of our country musician, has been used in Beijing, Guangxi, professional music groups and musical performances.
20 In the early 1960s, the Central Nationalities Song and Dance Ensemble Lee sent China Musical Instrument cooperation with Beijing, in the Dong folk stringed instrument piano corbels prototype, based on a common design corbel bass piano, becoming China’s national orchestra bass stringed instrument. Its characteristics are: huge resonance box, set axis, four strings, and press the tone fingerboard, bow bow Sinotrans playing the chord, in addition to the appearance of the piano has a form of folk instruments, the strings, the bridge, the bow were same with the double bass, in addition to pull-outs, but also to play pizzicato. This bass stringed instrument, with good acoustics, has been used in the Central Nationalities Song and Dance Ensemble band.
Qin made the bass corbels
Early 1990s, Guangxi Arts Institute KONG Xian Zhao Li Haisheng teacher assistance in the successful development of the piano bass corbel Moutain ethnic characteristics. In addition to its effective chord piano box volume of air than the design draws on the double bass, piano piano shape very similar with civil corbels. Piano with a whole abdominal cavity carved wood dig that side, back even as one on it and then kept in arched spruce top (slightly thinner than the double bass panel) is made on both sides of the central panel to open There are two symmetrical machete-shaped sound hole. Headstock carved with Tau for decoration, front lower open string grooves on both sides with four pegs (two on each side), the use of double bass metal screw axis. Neck short top with string pillow, front glue hardwood Anxian fretboard, using double bass strings, piano horse Guangxi Huashan rock paintings pattern shape, the tailpiece was gourd-shaped, similar to the use of bamboo poles with erhu bow ponytail bow outboard pull-outs can also be plucked play. Its tune a stringed instrument and playing method are the same as with the double bass. This piano debut in March 1993, held in Nanning, Guangxi “93 Guangxi International Folk Song Festival” performance, music and dance as ethnic customs bass accompaniment pull strings received.
