Uighur percussion Dabo

Dabo , because when struck issue ” up “, ” Bu ” , named after the two sound . Also known as the tambourine . Uighur and Uzbek Ming slap film musical . Prevalent throughout Xinjiang , especially in the hinterland of Tianshan most prevalent .

Brief introduction
Dabo from Arabia , the ” Silk Road” spread eastward in China. Northern and Southern China has a达卜, Thousand Buddha Caves in Dunhuang Northern Wei ( 386 -534 years ) mural , painted on the drum-shaped oval , single skin, on the back of many small -sided drum hoop . Sui and Tang dynasties , Dabo with Western dance into the mainland . In the Tang Dynasty poet, “Hu spin woman ” the poem says : “Hu spin female, Hu spin female heart should be strings, hand drums snare drum sound sleeves should be held , Piao turn Punta dance. .” Vividly depicts a close relationship with the dance of达卜. “Western smell recorded” ( Yunxiu copy hidden ) Juanqi wrote: . ” Sound circumflex compete , with the drums and the ups and downs , but the rhythm of the dance circle , were also drums for the festival ,” “back to music with a drum -based ” visible达卜also plays a commanding role in the folk band or song and dance . Qing Dynasty,达卜included Huibu court music , the clear Yunlu edited ” Dynasty ritual schemata ” ( Book Nine ) described in greater detail : ” Imperial banquet set Huibu music Dabo , wood . Marina, the risk to the leather , shaped like a tambourine without the handle. diameter Wuli six foot three inches , two inches thick dichotomy seven per cent to 50 cents …… hit the hand . ” ” History of Qing Dynasty ” ( Volume 111 ) contains: ” Dabo , wooden frame to take the leather , shaped like a tambourine without the handle , the size of two system, side trails six foot three inches Wuli two cents, side trails Kamae two points four per cent , all painted yellow paint, face painting color lion , hit the hand . ” for a long time ,达卜widely spread in the community , becoming one of the musical instruments loved by the people .
Mulberry wood frame drum making, oblate , sided with the inner Mongolian sheep , pony or donkey skin , drum box decorated with three dozen pieces small hoop . Since the 1950s , more than达卜masked with python , so sonorous pronunciation . In the Uighur people, Dabo different specifications, generally divided into medium and small three. The larger diameter 44 cm drumhead to 52 cm, height 5 cm frame drum to 5.5 cm; in those drumhead to 40 cm diameter 32 cm , height 4 cm frame drum – 4.5 cm ; drumhead the small diameter of 20 cm to 28 cm , drum frame height 3 cm to 3.5 cm . Folk orchestra accompaniment or hand encouraging common medium or large drum , and do performances of solo ; Maqam backing band is often used small drums. Beijing Chinese Art Institute of Chinese Academy of Music Instrument Museum Dabo multi-faceted , the size of which is loaded on both sides , ” Chinese musical illustrations ” in large pictures .

Origin of the name
Yarkand River in the southern circulating达卜legend: a long time ago , Tianshan dense jungle , mild climate , abundant. People live in harmony, to live and work . One year, the sudden appearance of a constrictor , ferocious exception, it swallowed a nearby birds livestock. People live in fear , day does not go out at night without lighting . This thing is a young hunter Dabo know , determined people from harm . He took his dry food, bow and broadsword , lurking in the forest, three days and three nights later, Dabo did not sleep a wink , but have not seen Monty Python ‘s trail. The fourth day, he has been very tired , in order not to fall asleep , he scored a length of bent pine circle , cast sheep , made a one-sided percussion section , while the side of the hand drumming loudly sings: “Which is not the shepherd love prairie ? what a hunter does not love Castle ? because python invasion Kunlun , herders worry day and night scourge I punched sheepskin drum cited python hole, vowed to eradicate that murderous devil . bend Strongbow held razor people from harm, stripping python let one thousand of leather tambourine percussion . …… ” Dabo has not finished singing the song , and shoved his head to see a python lunged at him from a tree . Dabo jump leaps , brandished a knife and cut off , only to cut down a tree, he turned to bow Nock , shot constrictor eyes. Injured python struggling with the tail whip达卜, hunters have been drawn down to the ground , hit the sheepskin drum , just listen to “boom” is heard, python frightened retreat, Dabo Jizhongshengzhi, punched sheepskin drum , taking advantage of the Monty Python flying a knife to split to go , Monty Python was cut down the middle into two died. Evil python has been lowered , it has returned to the previous quiet life , Uighur people in recognition of the achievements Dabo people from harm , do python stripping drum , named ” Dabo .”

Shape structure
达卜wooden frame drum , the hoop decorated with small , single skin,达卜slightly different shapes of various ethnic groups .达 卜is on the flat circular wooden frame drum , single-sided to the inner Mongolian sheepskin, pony or donkey skin , drum box decorated with many small hoop made ​​. Dabo is now more than Mongolia to python , so sonorous pronunciation . In Uygur, Dabo large , medium and small are three surface diameter of 36 to 52 cm . General encouraged the band and hand drum accompaniment common medium , drumhead diameter of about 44 cm , height 5 cm frame drum ; Maqam backing band the drum with large and small drums.
When playing, his hands ” jaws of death ” hold drum box, except the thumb , the rest of the finger can be used for drumming . Finger tapping different parts of the drumhead , and can have no other audible “boom “, ” da ” sound , changing timbre , expressive extremely rich. Shaking drum body , so that the impact of small hoop drum box, can also issue a ” rustling” sound . Uzbek达卜, in shape , making and playing method are similar to the Uighur达卜. Sibo ‘s达卜the back of the drum has a handle , tethered to the inside of the drum frame drum with sheepskin back cover , leaving the center through hole . While playing , the left hand grip handle with your right hand slap drumhead . In the Uighurs , Uzbeks and Sibo ,达卜usually played by men .
Tajik Dabo , large frame drum , unique shapes . More use of folk old poplar wood frame drum sieve edge as far as Mongolia to skins , leather , pony skin or animal skin . Inside of the box is not decorated with a small drum hoop , some only in the dark box loaded with three small iron cymbals . Playing together , deep timbre , rich, equipped with iron cymbals Dabo , more sonorous sound magnificent . Particularly unique is that Tajik达卜, almost all played by women , which is a traditional custom for many years left .

4 classification feature
In Uygur folk usually three Bu drum : one is used as a folk singer career , designed for Uygur Muqam folk dance and multi- race are Tim Lang tambourine accompaniment ; farmers and used for the general public is a and often the stage of medium-sized tambourine dance accompaniment ; one is designed for civil shaman to ” exorcism ” big tambourine cure . Dabo is the soul of the band , the biggest names in the festival , especially whenever Islam Eid , Eid al-Adha , or the wedding celebration day, men and women together , Dabo sounded a drum , drumming and dance with the people , the whole carnival climax scene rendering . In the joy of the day, which bring people joy through the passion and percussion sounds and everyone passed , would the deep affection in the air and people’s minds , so that you can appreciate a close and quickly integrate this atmosphere, therefore , Dabo is also known as the ” soul of the performer .” Up just as musical accompaniment for singing and dancing , but also as a unique style decorations.

5 ways of playing
When playing , his hands holding the tiger’s mouth care drum frame , focus on the left hand , except the thumb , the rest of the finger can be used for drumming . Due to the different parts of the finger tapping and intensity drumhead are different , you can vary the audible “boom “, ” da ” sound , changing timbre , expressive extremely rich. Shaking drum body , so that the impact of small hoop frame drum , also issued a ” rustling” sound .达卜Due spread in different regions , and the formation characteristics of different playing styles and genres .
Traditional drum playing skills are mainly heart sounds , drums laterals , palm tone , referring to the sound , sound bombs fell sound, etc. , play a sound level of frustration , form a rich musical language . In addition , it can be达卜placed between his legs , hands roll outs rim , issued as the bell sounds. Uighur people are very hi Aida Bo , men and women will be played . In the Uighur instrumental ensemble and various forms of dance accompaniment , it is an indispensable instrument , often used as a lead instrument , and the band plays a coordinating high, middle , bass and rhythm of the unified command of the role . In addition to the ensemble or accompaniment , but also solo . Dabo sonorous timbre , big variations in the intensity of the sound , playing skills flexible , you can play a variety of music heighten the atmosphere of the role of the plot . Solo of ” harvest” and so on. Famous musicians Abu force Zi · A Kexi and so on.
Ozbek ‘s达卜, in shape , making and playing method are similar to the Uighur达卜. Whether in Uighur , Uzbek or in ,达卜are usually played by men .
In the vast land of the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains , day every Eid , Eid al-Adha , harvest, gathering or wedding celebration , people of all nationalities will be sounded tambourine , played preached music, singing and dancing . You could see people happy smile, everywhere you can hear the sound of moving Dabo .