Suona, also known speakers, small suona called sea flute. Suona, a wooden conical tube opening eight holes (front seven after a), tube top with fine brass, brass sleeve top with double reed reed whistle, woodwind brass bowl-shaped top with a megaphone . Suona although eight holes, but on the seventh hole blowing sound and drum sound ultra sound the same, with the first hole eighth hole tone sounds the same ultra-blowing sound.
Suona, the English name for the suona, is a Chinese folk wind instrument. From Persia (Surna transliteration), in the Western Jin Dynasty in Xinjiang Kizil Grottoes murals had already seen suona playing paintings, the latest in the 16th century in China’s folk circulated. Suona bright tone, volume, large, wooden tube body, a cone-shaped, with the top brass with whistle, the bottom set with a brass bell (called bowls). So also known speakers in Taiwan folk known advocate, the Guangdong region also known as the “octave.” Widespread throughout China folk instrument. Pronunciation pitched, loud and clear, in the past more than in the private sector will be blowing song, Younger will, drumming classes and local folk art, opera accompaniment applications. Through continuous development, enriching the musical skills, improve performance, has become a distinctive solo instruments and orchestra for the nation or drama, dance accompaniment.
History
Origin
The initial suona is spread in Persia, Arabia in the vicinity of musical instruments, and even the suona this name is a transliteration of the ancient Bo Sinuo Surnā. Around the third century AD suona appeared in China, Baicheng, Xinjiang Kizil Grottoes Cave 38 has been playing in the Music and Dancing mural suona image. 700 years ago in the Jin, Yuan era, spread to China Central Plains.
Was translated as “lock na” “sell na” “Su Ernai” “Lock Chennai” “instigate what” and other names.
About the origin of the suona, a said third century Xinjiang Baicheng Cole Kurtz Grotto (about 265-420) already on the frescoes Musicians playing suona image. Another said, Jin and Yuan Dynasties into the Central Plains, also called “Suo pair of” “whistle.” Ming and Qing Dynasties are widely spread in the community, and more for weddings and wedding wind and percussion bands, folk dance and drama are also used as musical accompaniment.
Suona historical first appeared in the Ming Dynasty. Ming Wang Qi “ternary graph”: “Lock Chennai, their preparation, such as speakers, seven holes, both copper whom, then with a wooden pipe.” “When the army is fun, with folk and more of this.”
Qing palace were included in Huibu suona music, but also for Da Jia Lu Bu. Because both ends with copper, also known as the “golden mouth.” Derived after big suona, medium and small suona suona shapes.
All nationalities, all areas of the body double reed musical instruments of different sizes, the name is also different. Relatively small body called “sea flute.”
Since the introduction of the larger Burmese called “Nie pocket ginger.” Tibetan Buddhism with the suona, also known as “too pear.” Suona large volume, high-pitched tone, full penetration. Suitable for the performance of a warm and cheerful music style, but many folk artists also use your lips pressed reeds, control breath, blow supple pianissimo (also known as “Xiao Yin”) to represent lyrical or sad mood.
To the Ming Dynasty, ancient books beginning with suona records: Ming Zhengde years (1506 ~ 1521) suona been widely used in China. Ming generals Qi Jiguang (1527 – 1587) once used for military music among the suona. In his “Ji Xiao Xin Shu · Wubei records,” says: “Where the palm whistle, that is to play the suona.”
Ming Wang Pan “overturned Zi Yong horn” is the best description of the suona article: “speakers, Suo which, Quer small, large cavities children. Between Guanchuan tangled, only been you pretentious. Military hearing Army worry, China listened to the people not be afraid, where to distinguish true of false official what? Seeing that this house was blown away, blowing hurt the house, just blew the water do geese fly strike. ”
The late Ming Dynasty, suona in opera music plays an important role for the accompaniment of singing, playing tunes transitions. However, in the folk opera based on instrumental music, the suona has become inseparable from the instrument.
To the Qing Dynasty, suona called “Suer Nai”, was compiled into the court of the “Huibu music” in the. Today, China has become the people of all nationalities suona quite widely used musical instruments.
China attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage, May 20, 2006, the State Council approved the inclusion of arts suona first batch of national intangible cultural heritage.
Widely popular
Suona is a Chinese long history, widely popular, skill-rich, expressive strong folk wind instrument. It pronunciation cheerful bold, high-pitched loud and clear, just in soft, there are just soft, loved and welcomed by the majority of the people of ethnic instruments, widely used in civil marriage, death, marriage, marry, ritual, music, typical, Younger festival and will wait for the ceremony accompaniment. According to the historical data examined, the suona spread in Persia, was introduced to China Jin and Yuan Dynasties. According to written records, the Ming Zhengde? Point AD 1506-1521? Snow years, the king of the West has such a lyricist: “Which instigate suona, Quer small cavity child big.” Ming Hongzhi, the DPRK repair seal of the “music school criterion” wrote: “System and suona horn …… I do not know what effect on the generation when it is the army is fun, with folk and more of this. “in the Ming Dynasty in turn suona incorporated into the” Huibu music “in, saying” Suer Nai. ” China has more than 20 ethnic pop suona, different endemic areas, and its title is also different: Han existing suona, a large flute, sea flute, trumpet, grumble na, Siniora wow, warm child, pear and many other names, while the next and Qing Dynasties have Suer Nai, too pears, whistle, gold mouth, Nie pocket ginger is called: Uighur, said Su Naier, Li said wiping boom, thanks to, slaughter is, sand La, etc., Mongolian, said Piper Shenku Er, Naren Piper horn cells and so on.
However suona is a worldwide musical instruments, flow distribution in Asia, Africa, Europe and more than 30 countries on three continents, different countries have different titles: Northeast Asia Japan said Miro Tea stay; North Korea, South Korea called Xiao Taiping ; Southeast Asian countries, said Sha La charroux na; Central Asia Dagestan Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia and other countries, said Zu Ernai or vegetarian Kornai; suona South Asia, Iran, India, Afghanistan and other countries respectively, said lock sodium, sand na , Zul na; Western Asia, Oman, Kuwait, Syria and other countries, said Chrysler by; North Africa, Egypt, Algeria, Liberia and other countries respectively, said Meads Martha, Zul na, Zuka na; while European Romania, Yugoslavia Albania said Su Erle, Russia says Zul na so on. The suona is a modern unified title.
Go international
Since the modern, Chinese musical development has been the influence of Western music in the form of music and musical instruments on both the content of the reform, the suona is also affected.
(A) National Orchestra (Orchestra)’s position: Modern Chinese imitation of Western Symphony Orchestra established the nation, but in the Chinese traditional musical instruments, brass instruments relatively lacking, when writing songs when the originally Woodwind suona, assume a similar role Symphony in Brass, so suona much needed momentum for the majestic curved segments. And because the traditional suona range smaller (especially the lack of bass), and the other semitone pitch is difficult to control, so the oboe and other instruments to imitate the keys, the development of additional key alto suona, plus key tenor suona, plus key bass suona and other instruments to compensate for pipe National Orchestra of deficiencies in the bass part.
(Two) solo Development: suona a special tone and rich expressive power, compared to an orchestra, ensemble, is more suited to solo. Modern instruments reformers, starting with the traditional folk song instrumental adaptation. One of the most famous musicians of any Tongxiang suona, he began in the 1950s, advocated by the Shandong suona repertoire, adapted a number of solo songs, one of the most famous song is “Bainiaozhaofeng” tune in to mimic a variety of suona birdsong sounds. Subsequently, many born in the folk suona player, they have to engage in new solo adaptation of creation. After the 1990s, are also emerging large-scale concerto, written as Kuan Nai-chung “Mulan” Concerto (absorption of the opera music) and so on.
Range tone
Traditional suona tube body a total of eight holes, respectively, by right index finger, middle finger, ring finger, little finger and left thumb, index finger, middle finger, ring finger to press the (different handedness may change so) to control the pitch . Pronunciation way that is manufactured by the mouth latch reed whistle (ie reed), blowing so hard vibrating sound, through wood and metal bowls tube body vibration and PA, a suona’s voices.
Traditional suona by size range and musical instruments can be divided into small suona (also known as the Sea flute), generally treble suona, as well as large suona, but which can be divided into various tonal suona (such as G transfer small suona, F transfer small suona , D increase the sound suona, C increased tone suona, G to transfer large suona, etc.), so-called tonality is released when the bottom-hole blown tone. In general, the traditional suona common range of 37 degrees tone, with the most commonly used terms suona D increased tone. Which range from the bass to treble A A (treble B occasional use, but it is difficult blow).
Modern improved plus key suona, can generally be divided, plus key treble suona, plus key alto suona, plus key tenor suona, plus key bass suona, which features a button to increase the sound hole and a half to increase the range and stable intonation. Due to various regions manufacturer’s different shapes and different ways according to Kong, the most common plus key alto suona and sound, common range of 18 degrees generally sound.
Suona the best features is its ability to control the whistle to make the mouth volume, pitch, timbre changes, and the use of various techniques, which makes hand suona pitch control is very difficult, on the other hand makes it sound volume changes large, and can be controlled by the pitch, making very satisfactory portamento, making the suona become very strong performance instrument. The adjustment time whistle, and thus must possess a suona played an important technology, in addition whistle condition affects the quality and the effort or pitch, the tracks and the tone depending on the needs, but also in a different way to make whistle minor adjustments.
D increase the tone suona with treble clef sheet at actual pitch notation. Its total range of a (1)-b (3), the band range is commonly used in a (1)-d (3).
Suona, the bass sounds bold, bold, various techniques are easy to play and very expressive; treble intense and sharp, be careful in the application of the band.
Opera accompaniment
Since Ming suona is frequently used traditional Chinese folk musical instruments, it appears the occasion as follows:
(A) opera accompaniment: Many Chinese opera accompaniment will be used in the suona, especially in northern China, southwest of the opera, and nature, and in the mid-Qing Dynasty after the most widely popular opera drama also has a few will be used suona .
(Two) advocating music, percussion music and other instrumental performances: where advocating music refers to the suona played percussion accompaniment tube-based performance mode, the most famous musical genres Shandong advocate, wind and percussion music is a wind instrument and percussion together performances, such as the more famous musical genres like Juban gongs, drums and other eastern Zhejiang. Such multi-instrumental performances at various festivals or local mart appears.
(Three) folk dance music: for the accompaniment of song and dance, for example southern tea dances, northern Younger (also known as the fire agency) commonly used in the harvest festivals and other occasions.
(Four) other types of instrumental music: such as Chaozhou music, beiguan Hakka Han music, as well as Guangdong music a few tracks. The music is generally in the form of indoor performances, but beiguan often appear in a variety of outdoor weddings occasions.
(Five) palace with music: includes mainly gagaku rituals as well as for military or express advocacy of music with the emperor momentum among the class of instruments are used suona (but some palace music instrument name is difficult to distinguish belongs suona horn class or classes of musical instruments).
Suona “living core”
About living core
1993, by the famous tube musician Mr. Guo Yazhi invented the suona “living core” device, so that the traditional suona play the chromatic scale, twelve-tone system, enriching the suona of expression, access to the Ministry of Culture and Technology Progress Award. [1] February 2, 1993 through the Ministry of Culture in Beijing organized by the Division of Educational Technology technical appraisal. Core is one of the important parts suona, its coat reed, then under the main tube. A core of conventional single tube type, and live a core of active sets, retractable change length, reset by the action of the spring. Play by both hands upward pressure into the living core, will be able to play the temporary change in semitone or half-scale. If the live-cell propulsion, locking, you can make use of high chromatic transposing instrument, fingering unchanged. Promote the interval relations arising after a small emblem on the deviation can be adjusted by controlling the mouth effort, players easily adapt and effectively corrected. There are three kinds of live core specifications, due to its telescopic length can be adjusted, thus solving large, medium and small variety of tone suona application problems. Suona live core by the experts unanimously affirmed that this achievement is very practical, small changes to receive a large effect, there is promotional value. Suona live by the Beijing wind mill village core is produced with the assistance and the master. [2]
Live-cell patent
Application No. [3]
CN92208183.2
Filing Date
1992.04.30
Name
Suona live core
Publication (Notice) No.
CN2142220
Publication (announcement) date
1993.09.15
Category
Physical
Filing Date
1993.06.27
Priority
Application (patent)
Guo Ya Zhi
Address
Bao Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100031, No. 43, No. 328, Building 2,
Invention (design) people
Guo Ya Zhi
International Application
International publication
Date of entry into the national
Patent agency
Komatsu Patent Office
Proxy
HU Xiang root
Summary
One kinds suona living core, the inner tube is connected to a gas nozzle and gas cards, and a screw groove, put a spring inserted in the outer tube, the outer tube side of a threaded hole, and then put a fine casing bolts and nuts, from sleeve long hole through the pipe screwed into the threaded hole, and then into the inner tube bolt slot with a screw nut alignment of the inner tube telescopic distance, lips compressed gas nozzle after the inner tube shorten the interval, so the sound hole to blow each semitone increase the volume range suona can play a variety of tone music.
Sovereignty items
One kind Suo living core, characterized in that the active core of the inner tube (1) is a tubular cavity with tapered bore other pieces and central screw slots (2), the inner tube (1) upper and gas cards (3) connected into one, gas card (3) is provided with conical air nozzle (4), live outside the core tube (4) slightly larger diameter upper right threaded hole (7), the inner tube (1) put a spring (12) after inserted into the outer tube (6), and then put trim sleeve (8), the outside of the trough (9), fine adjustment screw (11) wear side nut (10) and the sleeve (8) of the long groove (9) , screwed into the threaded hole (7) and then into the inner tube bolt slots (2), live-cell mounted on the lower end of the rod suona suona.
Folk suona
People weddings and marriage, make arrangements for weddings and funerals etiquette long time, back to become one of the major traditional folk customs, especially in the rural areas is widely prevalent. Those old rituals, ancient people, I do not know how many years continues, people recall it, as if it were yesterday.
People have a saying: marriage is a major event in life, the joy that He even white matter have the right to a popular thing to do, and no less lively atmosphere. Therefore, when the suona Carpenter, drummers very popular popular. Let’s just say, Nanchong City, a group of artists on fire suona have a good while. These century fifties and sixties, for example, suburban rural people, who speak a wedding holidays, someone wants to plan a Naore, fight
Face, pomp, invited suona Carpenter and drummers, Chuichuidada dowry, with the sedan, the bridal chamber, and drink wedding, back to her parents and a series of festive entertainment, but also trouble on at least ten days. Funeral customs operations more, if pay homage to their elders, layout of the scene even more inferior to the red thing. Whether condole, funeral, not from the drums percussion. What is more, invited the troupe, playing friends to play and sing songs of filial piety, family and friends, accompanied by artists all night long.
Filed civil suona, older artists often “erhu three dan m, suona child a morning” argument. In fact, civil suona, like with the other ethnic instruments are not able to learn overnight. Moreover, hundreds of folk tunes suona, even widespread and common practice tunes enough trumpeter three to five years. Trumpeter is a folk used to call, in fact, he is the suona Carpenter and drummers collectively. They are represented by social amateur instrumentalists lovers, there are folk artists to participate. Where requested, simply invite 5 people (suona two people banged drums 3) a brief partnership, so pipetting uneven level. For example, in folk culture “with the sedan,” the liturgy, some artists blowing suona “ants on the tree,” “Pumpkin Flower”, “with Dresser” and other tunes, one that tone and techniques, at a glance is the ancestral veteran. But back beat drums, cymbals son, clang clang gongs folks, then mostly drill half a can of water over three to five days, they only knock loud drums, the rhythm to go along with the suona, not much Skill
Statement. Say that three blown three dozen funeral ceremony, the civil suona can be described as good wins alone. Almost drum gong rang, three suona tune “Pu’an curse”, “fall-tone”, “General” is essential. With their jargon, this set of tunes to harness the suona artists, ventilation and both pass realignment effort. In contrast, in memorial, funeral and other ceremonies, the blowing suona dirge tunes “downtown mountains and rivers” “Crying heaven” would seem simple without China.
The times change. Now, make arrangements for weddings and funerals of people have different preferences: Ceremony city car travel, travel wedding, mass wedding, tree planting condolence, filial song ceremony and so on. However, in the remote mountain village of farmers who still cherish their traditional customs, and even the “carrying the sedan chair”, “free bride” etiquette past serve as a recreational activity, moved into the city in style, Chuichuidada, Phi Hung wounded, so that the people a see folk culture style.
Suona scores
Suona scores: suona tunes are commonly used in “Spring came,” “Han Dongshan” “Little Han Dongshan” “Big Pink”, “pink shirt” “big door” “little door” “Big Few play” “Little Few play” ” Man II Where “” Wu two Where “” Shuilong Yin “and” new water order “” discount Gui “” Yanjia order “,” Shan Poyang “” red embroidered “” suona skin “,” doll “, etc.
A flower; small door; small cattle; festive harvest; eighteen plates; Shan Poyang; sixth door; friends gung (duet); Haha cavity; Fengyang song twisted eight boards; Bainiaozhaofeng; wedding song; duet brands Qu; Celebration; Bainiaozhaofeng; celebrating the victory (Concerto); duet song brand; a flower; big victory (wind and percussion); carrying the sedan chair; ten samples King (duet); Tianfu good; Harvest; Tatar dance; Little Cowherd; Longtenghuyue (wind and percussion); Hebei Bangzi; festive harvest; harvest; small door; send the bride.
Hakka suona
Hakka suona long history, according to historical records, as early as a thousand years ago, “drummer move on the road, between people, but Lanna prodigiously.” Hakka suona reconcile hi tone of sadness, joy tone light, joy, excitement when playing loud, melody and harmony; sad tune deep, crooning, tactful Resentment. In private, suona has deep roots organizing weddings Shouqing general people’s homes, new house, holidays, will have to hire a few suona hand to celebrate some excitement, to today, has ever joined the army, but also please cut the ribbon opening suona band.
Zhou Ban suona
Chow Chow percussion classes ie classes, also known as Zhou suona class folk, Zhou drumming classes, spinach forest horn, is located in Anhui Lingbi Yin Lam’s Chinese collection spinach Woodwind Zhou Zhengyu Zhou tribe of musicians and other members of the Chinese folk music classes. Zhou Qing classes since its inception to the present, have been six generations of the family tradition, after 100 years of vicissitudes. At present, young and old musicians, totaling more than 100 people across the Sulu Anhui and Zhejiang, known folk overseas.
Art of the State Council approved the inclusion of the suona first batch of national intangible cultural heritage.
Child long suona
Worked in Hunan TV, CCTV successful performance, many times for filming TV drama programs, has been invited to participate in the “yangmachang river battles” “Compass”, “fire” and “Three Drums reminders spring”, “The Sound of Yan’an” “Liu Chih-tan and XIE Zi-long” “China’s Destiny Armageddon”, “Childhood Memories” and other films and television shows of the shooting, which was produced by Phoenix TV station “sub-long suona wedding” to the world more than 90 countries and regions play. June 29, 2006, to participate in cultural exchanges between China and Russia held in Yan’an gala red flag with the Russian Defense Ministry ensembles on the same stage. July 22, 2006, in the “Seventh Shanhua Prize folklore, folk art performances and the national first folk song performances fourth blown lotus Nandai Art Festival” competition, sub-long suona with superb artistry, wonderful performances and strong local flavor, won the highest award of Chinese Folk Literature and Art – “Shanhua Prize.” In this competition, Jiao Liang comrades was “blowing song King” the honorary title of his song “Autumn Harvest” won the judges alike. December 1 to 3 evening, “Huaxia Qing tone – Chinese folk performances of classical music,” Beijing Cultural Palace of Nationalities in the capital staged a grand. By the Jiao Liang Xue Shou County Farmer higher 16 Mingzi long consisting only province suona team performing ensemble “emancipated Extase orchid”, with its graceful, full of dynamic features and sonorous passionate playing drums, bright and full of Northern distinctive sheepskin vest, red apron and headscarf belly sheep clothing, immediately attracted the attention of the audience of the audience, so the audience seems to have felt such a deep breath thick loess. Propaganda Department, the China Federation of UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Committee, Chinese Folk Literature and Art Association and other department leaders, experts and officials of foreign embassies, cultural attache not Times with warm applause. 2009, sub-long suona Hancheng line with drums, stilts and Shaanxi Song and Dance Theater Chencang flower rod composed of “Heaven and Earth Society fire” troupe went to England to attend a month Edinburgh Military Tattoo, which is the first time to participate in Shaanxi Folk Art Edinburgh Military Tattoo section.
Qinyang suona
Qinyang suona is a wooden oboe musical instrument, it is the volume of the big, bright sound, rugged, easy to play, good performance of the warm and imaginative scenes and Daxitaibei atmosphere.
In 1606, Le Saint Qinyang people Zaiyu use the scientific method to clarify the Chromatic, solve ancient divergent views of the “spin phase Palace” problem, and improved suona pronunciation position in the sound hole suona eight basis developed on a “three pipe” for the development of our national pipe music made a great contribution. Zaiyu Qinyang suona also served as foreman who played in his Jiufeng Temple created a “Ku would,” During the Lunar September 23, around the suona programs, are gathered here. In Zaiyu under the influence Huaiqing area suona classes gradually increased, when the late Ming and early Qing “ceilidh”, “Jia class”, when the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of the “Ma Jin class” “Mao Dan Ban” ” Galaxy class “, etc. in the local influence. Qinyang spread of “big sedan, Ma Jin blowing, hemp does not blow golden wedding” “Regardless female boudoir, the door to the husband, Dan does not blow hair sedan chair,” the saying goes. Qinyang suona whole territory can be divided into four people two faction. In Qinhe for the sector, divided Qinnan QINBEI pies and pies, the two factions have different playing styles.
Suona in Jin, Yuan era into China.
Suona: commonly known as “horn.” Widespread all over the country folk instrument. Pronunciation pitched, loud and clear, in the past more than in the private sector will be blowing song, Younger will, drumming classes and local folk art, opera accompaniment applications. Through continuous development, enriching the musical skills, improve performance, has become a distinctive solo instruments and orchestra for the nation or drama, dance accompaniment.
Playing techniques
Suona not a complicated instrument, its structure is very simple, the whistle, gas card, core, rod and bowl five parts. Wooden cone rod open 8 vents, the front seven after one, scattered arranged; pole tops copper core; core set above a gas card and made from reeds whistle; On the lower end of the rod bowl. Is so simple, even some simple structures, but almost all of band music can play tricks, and can even mimic singing, chirping birds, and so wonderful voice. Several parts of the suona open play, to imitate different characters, respectively, older students, the old low, artistes playful Smart, Beowulf’s brashness …… such a small instrument, can escape its own interpretation of the earthly passions .
Playing suona, also needs some skills, use your fingers to press the sound hole is completely filled. If the sound hole by lax and often the sound will not be permitted. Therefore, suona playing just the right atmosphere, has become a science. Playing suona often more cost gas, sound volume, the greater the higher the consumption. Generally playing together for a long time can not be non-stop performances, but trained performer, especially folk artists, blowing suona to each other than the rivalry is the lasting endurance. “Loop ventilation Law” is the most common method of playing, so play can make the atmosphere is always full of endless, you can make long uninterrupted continuation of tone, and even the whole song at one go.
Suona tuning rich and unusual. Colorful tuning, creating a rich and comprehensive suona. The current suona more into treble, midrange and bass three. Widespread use of treble suona, bass slightly rustling pronunciation thick; Alto area is energetic tone, bright, best at playing a variety of techniques, highly artistic expression and influence; treble pronunciation loud , dripping; highest note is sharp, shrill, mishandled it will become ugly noise, so rarely used. After a moment the plus key reform suona, the band has become a group of ethnic musical instruments sound, expressive richer.
Around the suona are different, there are large, small, rough, with soft, many types, usually in the bar divided into five different lengths. Small suona rod length is often 22 to 30 cm, soft tone, the most suitable for solo or ensemble, especially when it is together with the erhu and other stringed instruments ensemble, gently undulating, the more appealing. Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces can find traces of it.
Used around the whistle is different, there are reeds, there are straw, but also useful insect glue brown purple shell (but blowing up very soft), sound can be described as unique. The suona rod length 32 to 40 cm, popular in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui area, sort of a small volume, used in dance accompaniment, very melodious. Big suona rod length 42 to 57 cm deep voice ambitious, like a hero born, ambition is an imposing appearance. In the northeast, along the northern Shanhaiguan and Jidong, rough suona is also playing a big big song is the best choice. Rod length 50 cm compared to the “big pole”, cypress woods a little shorter, popular in Hebei, Henan and Shandong area. The sound is crisp and bright clouds seem to be able poke see clear skies, it is mind refreshed. Cypress wood with a minor, as well as playing the sound to imitate the human singing opera, it is particularly handy. Sea flute length less than 20 cm, the components are small, small and exquisite, pronunciation but sharp loud, high-pitched Chongxiao. Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui along the instrumental ensemble is its best stage. There is also a rather special Minxi big suona, usually together with blowing out two outs, known as “public blow” and “blow.” Two suona the same structure, but in a slightly different length and thickness, “public” and “short”, “long”, “public” and “small”, “rough”, “public blow” sounds sweet, “blowing” pronunciation Low The vigorous, fit together, seamlessly.
Suona playing breathing method
Mastering the basic skills of breathing is one of the blowpipe music. General often say “gas footsteps full”, which means that the breath is enough “sound full” basis.
Better breathing method is “Nita breathing” in the inhale, lower abdomen inward contraction of the chest ribs outward expansion; inhale, not like the usual way using only the lungs breathing action, and basically used abdomen action to control the breath Jihuan, abdomen action of this feeling usually pay too little attention, for example, in a very tired require a large breath, breathe in there abdomen such action; Another example is when you cough also has abdominal movements. You can also try to place a candle on the far stronger regional and suck enough breath and blew it out in the course of this movement will feel greater abdominal movements, and it was realized thanks to the suction gas than usual when breathing increased a lot in the exhale breath is also more powerful, of course, playing the suona and Chuihuo not exactly the same, because the suona is generally inhale faster, be more; while projecting when such slow, much less, to pay attention to action to control the use of abdominal breath, so that it matches the needs of music played, this and blow fire breath when suddenly call to make is not the same, but in the chest and abdomen together for co-ordinated action breathe the point is the same.
Breathing exercises should pay attention to three points:
1, the breathing, the body has nothing to do with the part should be relaxed breathing. Breath to control, according to the need to use the gas, the general said, inhale to much faster; exhale less slower.
2, to maintain the coherence of expiratory and inspiratory Do not ranking breath began to suck completely after a second call tone, but should be in the first breath is not fully start smoking before the call to make a second breath, so as to continuity keep going.
3, in general, are breathing with the nose, only to grab the nose inhale the gas or not enough time, only with the mouth, nose while breathing.
Playing skills
1, cyclic ventilation France
Circulating ventilation is generally not used, but in some sustained playing long tones when used. Its method is: the power of control of belly breathing, breathing with the nose, exhale mouth. Nose breathing costal muster, abdominal contraction inside, run up the atmosphere, which is the pressure of the atmosphere with a belly to the mouth; then the requirements put out cheeks gradually discharged in the atmosphere, along with breathing, abdominal muscles gradually relaxed. When inhaling second breath and then repeat the same process. Pay attention to the first end of the process, or other control of the gas in the mouth before the call will finish second breath sucked into the nose, so as to make the process of convergence between two very consistent, did not get ventilation traces, well maintained sustained long tones. At the beginning of practice this breathing method, he may first prepare a reed and a bowl of water, and then the reed pipe inserted in the bowl, and in accordance with the above cycle approach to the rushes ventilation blowing straight reaches the water can continuously bubbling method is basically on the right. Enhancing so after practice on the suona, practicing sound eighth hole when the first blow, and then practice the other sounds.
2, the gas vibrato
Yin gas vibrato is a sound in the notes add “~” indicates. It’s playing is this: suck enough breath, abdominal breath and forced support for elastic contraction, resorted to slight fluctuations in tone generation, and its effects such as vibrato on a string. The vibrato can tune requires speed and strength difference. Commonly used in long tones, and sometimes it can show the volatility of different ethnic or local style.
3, tooth vibrato
Yin is also a tooth vibrato sound in the sound symbol “~” add “teeth” character to represent. Its method is to use the lower teeth playing gently vibrate whistle roots, so that given a trembling voice. The teeth chatter and more for playing opera, folk art and folk music in the style of strong. It can be divided into hard and soft flutter flutter two kinds: Hard chatter is in direct contact with the tooth root whistle, soft lips trembling put the root mat in between the teeth and whistle. Teeth often used in a vibrato sound on, then pay attention to the severity of the uniform fibrillation.
4, refers to the vibrato
Refers to the vibrato in the folk also called “refers to flowers,” is a very versatile skills. This technique is often used to show cheerful, warm emotions, and some of the lyrics of the song used to decorate some of the sounds in the performance of the feelings, the more varied. In the play, it’s obvious feature is the ability to listen to the two adjacent tones rapidly alternating. Alternate action although very rapidly, but corners have to very clear, otherwise it will become Yin sound effects (such as erhu vibrato effect), but lost the characteristics of vibrato. This is very important.
5, arm vibrato
Tremolo arm and finger vibrato sound effects are still differences. Its law is not playing with finger movements to play the sound hole, but with a quick shake to drive arm finger. Jitter is perpendicular to the woods, as it repeatedly pressing fingers closed and open sound hole leaving pronunciation fibrillation. This tremolo with dense smoothing characteristics, and the timing is more durable. Often used in playing passionate music section, particularly common in the sound on.
Exercise should pay attention to the following three points:
① fingers do not move, relies entirely on the arm movements to drive fingers.
② fingers can not lift off the sound hole is too high, just a little bit to leave.
③ fingers, wrist, forearm three to keep in a straight line.
Suona tuning method
Suona set the tone in the traditional method, the instrument is used as basis. Regardless of size or length of woodwind thickness, all in full-press (press all the vents are on, which is the tube sound) called “the tune.” This is all played together Comrade suona a basic tune familiar name. But also because it is the beginner will use tone, so the folk artists terminology is called “the science.”
About this “the tone” in name is known all over the habit. But use other tone when, in the name of popular around there is very different. For example: On the first sound hole, some place called “capital transfer”; also some place called “six serving tone”. On second sound hole, some place called “Little palpable workers tune”; also some place called “Plum tune”. On the third sound hole, some place called
“Back tune”; also some place called “miscellaneous Where tone” and so on.
To illustrate the method for tuning purposes, a “seven inches” little suona is down, it’s the “tune” pitch equal to the center of the keyboard instrument “C” or “1.” Then, the scale arrangement which is “125456712” (see Figure 10), then to the scale of 1234567 seventy word for “CDEFGAB” seven tone tune name, the results of the “1 = e, 1 = D, i = E, 1: F, 1: G, 1: A, 1 = B “fingering each phoneme tone [5]
Suona music
Bainiaozhaofeng
Bainiaozhaofeng, suona solo, in the north country have different versions.
Spring of 1953, Shandong Province, Heze area by the team as the suona solo participate in the first session of the National Music and Dance Festival performances are warmly welcomed. Later suona any famous professional musicians with Cheung assistance in compressed birds singing, deleting chicken sounds, and design a CLS phrase, using a special method of long-circulating ventilation sound playing skills, the expansion of the Allegro tail section, so that jubilant whole song in a warm atmosphere in the end.
Music to warm and cheerful melodies and the sound of birds and Naruto, showing the vibrant nature scene.
A flower
A flower, suona solo, he was also in the spring of 1959 according to the local opera in Shandong and other civil tone writing.
Beginning of the song is a piece of rubato, using Shandong clapper “tearful” tone, tragic pathos, followed by descriptive Adagio, soften and moving. Finally fast slow and gradually transferred from the plate, take the “pink shirt” for the material, rhythmic and lively, brisk music.
After that, the “ears” features expand paragraphs, short figurations repeated, alternating a “put wheel” long sound, rendering a blazing and jubilant atmosphere.
Play dates
Suona solo, traditional northern blowing song repertoire. Originally a folk song, a person playing the suona, whistle, clutching the child and other musical instruments to simulate the human voice singing (commonly known as cracking drama).
Player in a complicated, difficult to show a variety of musical instruments playing skills special sounds, such as the grand Suona Sheng bright, crisp mouth flute high, low and clutched the child with nasal, etc., correspond to each other, lively , contrast, the performance of men and women living in the joy of funny duet scene.
Playing music using a variety of forms, it reproduces basket holding pole, closing dates of the moving scene to play. The place is rich in style and rustic country flavor. Style fire warm, happy cheerful.
Family portrait
Suona solo song, with the northern Henan Anyang folk opera singing, plate, combine tunes playing music.
The song’s melody direction, tuning and playing characteristics of color, give a simple, easy, into the strong meaning, make you linger and unforgettable. The song from the rubato, plate, Allegro, flying plates, it can be said is typical of the traditional plate structure, in line with the traditional Chinese aesthetic trends. Pull from the rubato to positive from adagio to allegro, to agitation by the narrative, but also gives a thoughtful, relief, a sense of success.
The special and exceptional regional style of playing skills to accommodate, so many musicians have a platform to showcase and opportunities. If the spit rubato, trembling, on board glissando; plate deep culvert, Soft, vigorous and spit, slippery, strong and weak changes and Allegro echoed swallow, spit, broken-outs, there are those who make the play highlight the talent of space. Especially the flying plate part of the “Festival sparse”, and exciting climaxes.
Shandong drum
Suona solo, Zhaochun Ting accordance with the “Shandong drum” tone adaptation.
Hearty and simple melody, rhythm and lively and powerful. Song primer before, after the end, the main part of a total of three sections, is changing the relationship between repeated. Theme is four structure: the first two are lyrical melody, in the interlude after each sentence by the orchestra; suona after two with the special skills playing “three Tum”, full sound, short powerful, flexible, and make a series of variations, fully demonstrated the “three Tum” unique charm.
With suona imitation “clank” sound “three Tum” and soft “Xiao Yin” is the song is unique, enriching the suona expression.
Village came salesman
Suona solo, Zhang Xiaofeng made. Northeast of music based on folk tone, describing the scene village vending purchases, combined with lyrical, musical light, witty.
Tune into “hurry”, “crying”, “valley echo” “Village Active”, “buy”, “Farewell”, “move”, each title suggests that paragraph to express the content.
Village vending purchases describe the joy, lively scene, is a reflection of real life theme works.
Houyan Qiu playing “village came salesman”
Om door
Suona solo, originally a folk instrumental tunes. Smooth melodies, emotional light.
Commonly used in opera accompaniment dramatis dressing, cleaning, line the road Baihe other scenes, “small open” variant. The first half of the use of simulated human laughter “gas arch tone,” and “gas cap tone” skills so melodic cantabile; half of the use of single and double spit skills to play the three-stringed lute sound like “three open string” technique, short and flexible tone and rhythm of light combined.
Lively and cheerful mood music, make music with a comparison of the performance of more vivid, to obtain a better artistic effect.
Loess Love
Love is a famous contemporary Chinese loess suona performer Mr. Zhou Dongchao creation in 1992, the work was awarded the broadcasting of the Third National Orchestral solo prize competitions, then was poured into the author played suona album. [6]
This is the first work by both inside and outside the suona enthusiasts, but also professional organizations suona player often played tracks.
The melody melodious song to express the feelings of nostalgia on the Loess Plateau, suona unique artistic expression in music has been fully exploited.
Tin Lok
“Heaven music” is a famous composer Mr. Zhu Jianer suona in 1988 for the famous virtuoso Liu creation a suona concerto, 1989 in the “Shanghai Culture and Arts Festival” premiered and won the “Outstanding Achievement Award” . In October, the second in Beijing, “China Art Festival”, he also included in the repertoire. 1991 by the Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra performed again, reacted strongly.
“Heaven music” genre passionate, uninhibited, humorous yet both deep and subtle implication, composer ethnic charm, modern techniques and style of the era of combination, as has always been known for bold and imaginative and delicate graceful suona opened up new art style.
