Sheng, Miao, Dong, water, Yao, Gelo gas alarms and other nationalities single reed instrument. Ancient Rushall. Miao, Dong, water. Sheng language are called stems. Hmong, also known as Ga bucket, Gajie, Ga East, Ga was waiting. Dong also known Terrier browsing, browse Nepal Terrier, Terrier labor and so on. Yao said Lou department is an ancient Chinese reed instrument, one of the ancient eight musical instrument (ie, gold, stone, silk, bamboo, “gourd”, earth, leather, wood), dating back more than 3000 years of history, by the in each tube by a reed sound, is the only wind instrument musical instruments and sound, is the only instrument capable of blowing and suction sound, their sound crystal clear, wide range, strong infection. . Popular in Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Sichuan and other provinces. Has a long history in many shapes, tones and bright, vigorous, full of rich local characteristics, common folk in Lusheng dance and Lusheng orchestra accompaniment. After the reform, the band has been applied in the nation, you can solo, trio or ensemble, has a wealth of expression.
Sheng – founding legend
About Lusheng origin, the folklore of many legends. Miao in heavy Luan Pinnacle Mountain, in the clear green water river in the picturesque cottage Miao, long time ago there lived an old couple, Edie called pole indeed, lady called Wei delicate, they 40 years old before giving birth to a girl, named standings bird. Girls ingenuity, looks more beautiful than the peacock, also higher than the oriole singing, Miao epigenetic liked her, and standings bird hunter secretly fell in love with young Mao sand. Brave Mao sand prowess, the Tigers had killed to avenge his father, eagle fine people from harm. On one occasion, kill the strange white pheasant saved a girl. Girl saved, Mao sand seems so far away, but it was the girl standings finch, parents very happy to see her daughter, tears. Mao could not find sand bird list and have no appetite for food and drinks, haggard face. Versatile old Edie, gold bamboo, reed cutting, make a delicate Lusheng, with its beautiful tone blow, they teach pole does Daddy do stockade youth Lusheng, wind pipe. Lusheng race day, both near and far to attend youth Miao, and finally led to the head insert white pheasant feathers of Mao sand, standings bird one recognized him, invited him to the pole does Diddy guest house, standings bird spirits with Mao sand cheerfully Passions and married happy couple.
Dong in Fairview, legends Lusheng Three Kingdoms era began. Zhai Dong Ming troops invaded to drums for the number. Meng Huo Dong chief was, then it is cutting bamboo blowing sound, as mustered troops, attack or retreat signal, then gradually evolved into Lusheng. Songs in some areas, but also a detailed description of the process of making Lusheng, said to be started once made of wood cut reed, blowing no voice, and then switch to bamboo or horn production, although made a sound, but blowing up too laborious, Meng Huo’s son later removed some of the copper from the armor, fake cave dripping sound, its hammer very thin reed mounted on bamboo before issuing sounding voice, which have been made from various Lusheng species of different sizes.
Sheng – History
In the history of musical instruments, Lusheng appeared over the age of gourd sheng late 12th century Southern Song Dynasty, Lusheng predecessor “Rushall” was found in the literature, of course, entered the history books before there is a fairly long years. Song FanChengDa “Gui Hai Yu Heng Chi” are: “Rushall, human music, flute-like class, eight vertical and horizontal one consistent.” Song weeks to not “ridge outside Pickup” (Juanqi) instrument bar more detailed description: “Yao people’s music has Rushall, gun drums, gourd sheng, bamboo flute. …… Rushall of the system, like the ancient flute (refer panpipes), compiled bamboo whom, vertical and a horizontal eight to a blow eight, Yiga the sound. “the records show that, although the shape of Rushall and panpipes similar, but the way they play is consistent with Lusheng. In the vicinity of the Yao ethnic minority in Guangxi, the simultaneous existence of two instruments Rushall and gourd sheng. Song Lu “Jottings” also has: “Chen, source, Cheongju pretty …… agricultural clearance, to a two hundred artificially Cao, held hands and singing, several people Flutist of the preamble.” Lusheng term as a musical instrument The name first appeared in the Ming Dynasty literature. Ming Qian old saying “one hundred Yi Chuan” wrote: “village between Austin hit drums, blowing Lusheng dance dry to feast.” In the Ming Ni chariot book “Nanzhao unofficial”, the record was entered Yunnan Hmong “Every Meng jump months old, male blow Lusheng, female ringing sing, dance side by side all day tireless. “Ming Tian Rucheng of the” Yan Ji Wen payment “has:” Cave people, leisure is blowing Lusheng. “Ming Kuang Lu” red Ya ” There are also: “Dong …… good music, playing the violin, blowing six (ie Lusheng), long song eyes, obeisance foot for chaotic dance.” Qing Tian Wen Meng vegetarian “Qian book” contains: “Sheng cut its those six bamboo tubes, through which the crowded festival, …… and cut bamboo diameter ruler, measure the Royal York in six and blowing. ”
Sheng – Evolution
Lusheng evolved from a gourd sheng, people recognize that in practice, gourds brittle, not strong, but also easy to leak, bamboo reed can easily change the sound absorption. Zhu Ming musician once contained in its “Resolution should not use real Sheng Pao” the article say its shortcomings. In Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan and other provinces, autonomous regions, China’s ethnic minorities ancestors gradually on the basis of the gourd sheng, made of wood and metal reed Sheng bucket Lusheng, resulting in a larger volume and beautiful tone. In the Miao, Dong, Yao and other ethnic groups, Lusheng continuous development, and gradually replaced the very popular gourd sheng. The early 1960s, musicians in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Blang region had collected an ancient fourteen rows Sheng, Sheng tube is divided into two rows across Sheng bucket, it has to do without gourd with bamboo Sheng bucket, copper reed reed also changed its shape and Song “shaped like ancient flute, bamboo – whom,” the Rushall similar. Remains of the ancient row Zhezhi Sheng, Sheng evolved enough to hoist the history of Lusheng testify.
Old society, Miao and Dong peoples suffered untold rulers of oppression and exploitation, moaning breathing the brink of death, living a “firewood when the jacket, fern root when forage, pine gum when the lights shine, when shoes barefoot running” day, Lusheng and also as its owner was devastated. Qing feudal rulers and the Kuomintang reactionaries implement national assimilation policy, not allowed to speak Hmong Miao compatriots, wearing Hmong clothing, more afraid of the people, by blowing Lusheng Miao Lusheng dance and jump to “inciting rebellion” arbitrarily banned wind pipe. When the ruler of the by-Walled have seized Lusheng, the Hmong compatriots put it buried up until those who have seized over, he took out the play. Miao unbearable reactionary rulers of exploitation and oppression, he has launched a number of armed uprising and refused to pay the heroic struggle of anti-money. Xianfeng, Tongzhi years, Hmong hero Zhang Xiumei led uprising against the Qing Dynasty, Lusheng became the march, “horn”, inspired insurgents fought heroically fighting.
November 1949, Miao and Dong ethnic people under the leadership of the Communist Party gained a new life. 1950 National Day of October 3 evening, Miao Lusheng hand Dongdan famous dry and others, in Beijing Zhongnanhai Huairen happy to see Chairman Mao, in this great national unity literary event, on behalf of Guizhou Province to Mao Backstage Chairman presented a pair of Lusheng, and performed traditional Miao Lusheng dance. After Mao watch, is pleased Mingbi wrote “Huan Xisha ยท and Mr. Liu Yazi” the famous poem. Guizhou Miao Lusheng World Youth Festival on hand still had a wonderful Lusheng dance performances by the peoples praise. Widely distributed in China, roughly seventeen springs, twenty-one springs and thirty-six spring in three sizes. Used for local opera ensemble and accompaniment.
Sheng – formed
Sheng formation can be traced back to 3000 years ago. Initially, Sheng and panpipes somewhat similar, neither Reed nor Sheng bucket, but with some rope or wooden frame to pronounce different bamboo choreography together. Later, people gradually increased to Sheng Pao quality bamboo reeds and Sheng bucket, and panpipes distinguished.
Sheng bucket with a gourd production, mouthpiece made of wood, bamboo, ranging from a dozen root length was a horseshoe shape, arranged in Sheng bucket above. Tang Dynasty, the musicians who changed the Radisson wooden bucket, and later through spread, and replaced the wood with copper bucket bucket, but also from a bamboo reed to copper.
As the age-old Sheng spread, so in different regions have different specifications Sheng. After the founding of New China, China’s instrument maker and musician, performed on continuous reform Sheng, Sheng has prototyped a speakerphone, plus a variety of new varieties Sheng key to overcome the range is not wide, not swapping and fast playing unwieldy and other shortcomings, to Sheng brought new vitality. Bright Sheng sound sweet, crisp and clear treble, alto soft plump, deep bass deep, larger volume. But also in traditional Chinese wind instrument, the only instrument capable of blowing harmonies. And other instruments in the ensemble, I can play reconcile band sound, rich orchestra sound effect. In a large national orchestra, the Radisson sometimes used treble, midrange and bass three kinds Sheng.
Sheng – Classification
Ancient big Sheng called “yu”, a small Sheng as “and.” Fifteenth century BC already on the Yin Oracle on “and” records. The sixth century BC, Chinese poetry Songs This instrument is also often mentioned. San Juan Historical fill the mind reads: “Goddess’s wind surname, have a sacred of Germany, on behalf of Mi instrument, Li Xiao Yue Xi’s daughter, as Sheng Huang.” To it, then there is no Nu Sheng, Sheng only for the spring, when the outstanding sheng Xu is bamboo, wood chips by the system, may be issued only high and low tones. To the Tang Yu, Xia, Shang Zhu dynasties, the development of the roots of the bamboo reed tube stagger into the shell is made of dried gourd (now the Yunnan-Guizhou border Miao, Yao nationality, still use this sheng).
Traditional Sheng generally thirteen, seventeen or nineteen spring, after improvements twenty one, twenty four XXVI, thirty-six spring variety. Orchestra is now more use thirty-six replace traditional reed Sheng Sheng.
Sheng – Application clef
Bass clef, unwavering tone notation.
Sheng – Construction and Materials
Structure: The main by the outstanding sheng, Sheng Miao (ie sheng body many different lengths bamboo) and Sheng bucket (ie connecting the mouthpiece Sheng base) three parts.
Use of materials: outstanding sheng, the ancient with bamboo, modern multi-ring copper; Sheng Miao, multi-purpose black bamboo production, the lower end of each bamboo and wooden Sheng scarfing foot to install reed.
Sheng – Musical Instrument Features
Ancient Chinese folk musical instruments, reed instruments belonging to the family of blowholes reed instruments like Naruto, is the world’s most reed instruments existing originator. The more clear pronunciation, elegant, soft sound, singing and strong, with Chinese folk colors.
Widely distributed in China, roughly seventeen springs, twenty-one springs and thirty-six spring in three sizes. Used for local opera ensemble and accompaniment.
Sheng – playing method
Sheng’s structure, will copper bamboo reed mounted on the lower end of some of these bamboo inserted in a wooden or copper with a blow hole on Sheng bucket. Blowing time by means opened by pressing the bamboo bottom hole, so that the reed resonance occurs with the tube column and emit tones. Playing, in addition to mono, but mostly with two tone, three or four syllables dubbed sound and tone. After the liberation of Sheng has been transformed, at present, there has been widespread use of twenty-one reed, round reed, reed and a small row thirty-six Sheng, Pai Sheng (keyboard Sheng) and many other shapes. Sheng’s technology is also playing a greater development, except for the accompaniment and ensemble, but has developed into a solo instrument.
