Monochord, Jing nationality playing stringed instruments. Beijing language called Dan Pao. Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous County Fangcheng popular. Monochord Beijing family is an ancient folk bamboo musical instruments. Southern China have a rich ancient bamboo with a thick tubular instrument made of bamboo, bamboo skin to provoke a chord (commonly known as bamboo strings) for percussion or plucked, stringed musical instruments ming and thereby constantly developing.
1 Introduction
basic information
Monochord also known as single-stringed gourd piano, a harp, the Beijing dialect called “see Dan play Pao” (Du yan Dan bou) “. long time, although single-stringed piano shape, materials and production processes vary, but in the private sector, can be roughly divided into two kinds of bamboo and wood, chosen by the piano body, joystick, pegs and other components of pick stick length are 110 cm or so. bamboo, with a diameter of 12 cm big half of bamboo as piano body, head height of about 6.5 cm and a width of 8 cm, tail high 8 cm, height of about 12 centimeters wide, arched surface. wooden pegs are system, the tail side of the insert from the piano piano body; rocker made of bamboo or horns, about 40 cm, vertical plug in the head, pole mounted small gourd expanding volume; the pegs to stick sheets or metal strings a stringed, effective chord length 90 cm, is tuned more for the characters to the small print group A group C; pick bamboo sticks, 15 cm long, 0.5 cm wide, slightly pointed end plucked
began in the 1950s, new. generation Monochord musicians on Monochord made the appropriate improvements to optimize its original features, enrich their playing skills and expressive. comprehensive induction, these improvements generally have the following aspects. First, production of materials, multi-use better quality palm wood, hardwood or precious mahogany, rosewood, etc. Second, harp, zither strings replaced fairly standard, Yang strings or guitar strings, usually with dulcimer on the 26th to the 30th, especially 28 to the 29th best Third added pickups to expand its volume electro-acoustic, highlighting its tone characteristics. Fourth, improve its appearance according to need, in addition to the original long box-shaped outer, adding there is a long bar, faucet type and other new style. Fifth (individual player) on additional guitar body and fretboard grade, extended musical performance properties. Sixth exposed pegs changed to stable style pegs and beautify their appearance and improve their quality. Seventh changed picked Stick To elaborate paddles, or directly with nails, wear sleeve fingering, to get a variety of sounds and playing techniques.
playing commonly used Monochord, folk bamboo and wooden Monochord single-stringed piano and a variety of improvements Monochord.
introduced
Monochord is Jing peoples favorite folk instrument, whether or slack time of festive people have in its accompaniment, sang impromptu compiled folk due to its pronunciation and Jing ethnic folk tone is very similar, and very decorative singsong tone charm, so when the accompaniment of folk songs, piano songs blend both seamless. Monochord both beautiful solo instrument, but also excellent musical accompaniment, trio or ensemble can also participate in the national orchestra, Monochord often used as the color of the instrument.
Monochord is overtone playing musical instruments, only one can be on the strings while playing two tone and pitch of the overtones, this is due to the unique playing technique obtained. Monochord with soft beautiful tone, treble clear, bright tenor, bass fullness, expressive extremely rich variety of long and desirability of performance lyrical melodies, both depicting the beauty of nature coconut, mountains, etc., can vividly express people’s thoughts and feelings, which play the euphemism cantabile melody, like a poet chant, full of sweet feeling, with profound artistic charm. Monochord is overtone playing a musical instrument to play two sounds simultaneously on a string, which is due to the unique playing technique obtained.
Monochord Beijing family is an ancient folk instrument, as early as the 8th century, had been popular in Myanmar, Vietnam and Southeast Asia. Tang Zhen eighteen years (802), South Asia Puma (now Myanmar) to the Tang Dynasty Music and Dance into the offer, among them Monochord. Monochord originated in Piao ( now Myanmar), popular in Southeast Asia, has a unique national style and rich colors Southland early 8th century AD during the Tang Dynasty, China had a record on the bamboo Monochord’s “New Book of Tang” in.: “single-stringed gourd piano, to whom the owner, without ornaments, carved wood snake (Hui) first (ancient books say is a poisonous snake), Zhang Zhen no strings to the top of the string department. ”
Ancient Monochord, with some hair bamboo (three feet long, about four inches in diameter) more than half of the body to make the piano, the opening facing down, provoking a vertical surface in bamboo thin and long, the ends bamboo skin is constantly chord. spread and improved through continuous, gradual increase in the bamboo bow string and gourd-shaped resonators, and later developed into a modern Monochord.
Monochord initially only as a poet poems accompaniment , later developed into song and dance ensemble accompaniment or with other instruments (in particular, often played with Xiao); now used for solo, trio or dance can also participate in the national orchestra accompaniment, Monochord often used as the color of the instrument alone. overtone harp is playing a musical instrument, playing a unique way, to play two notes simultaneously on a string, sound soft and beautiful, long, lyrical melody appropriate to the performance.
Monochord has been converted into a single-stringed electric PA piano, that resonates inside the device pickups and speakers (also external amplifying equipment), the volume increased significantly, and thus sound more mellow sounds, more suitable for solo.
2 structure on the left end of the strings through
resonance tube tied to the rocker, piano chord plane about 6 cm from the right end of the string through the hole, wrapped around the bottom of the piano chord axis. use bamboo sticks to play pick Since the 1960s, single-stringed bamboo Qin reforms have increased the floor and the first and last frame plate, making it a resonance box, piano overtones surface as marked as the guqin position and some additional wooden fingerboard surface at the piano, fingerboard inlaid with 16 grade, the strings can emit sound more real, and can play more quickly overtone, enriched Monochord playing skills.
3 Sound principles
Monochord sound principles of sound principles can be divided into two kinds: First, the use of acoustic guitar body resonates PA Monochord; second is to use the public address microphone pickup through electro-acoustic amp Monochord either electric or acoustic Monochord Monochord, playing time, player with the right hand little finger side of the finger touch the strings of an aliquot of meat point position (ie, cut the strings), while the right hand grip Bamboo pick bomb (conventional bomb method, also eat with his right hand with a multi-play), playing the chord while the little finger quickly left the strings, the strings are cut will be issued and the total length of the pitch harmonic vibration part, this composite sound, overtones beautiful, very soft, large volume, pitch but relatively weak. Monochord usually Cut the string at two points, three points, overtone quarter points in five points, six points, eight points issued, only to get through the right hand playing six string sound is called “natural overtone.” and Monochord if only played six natural overtones, is far from meeting the needs of the play, there must be more to the composition of other overtone music Monochord perfect with its unique device -. joystick, you can . easily solve this problem by playing with his left hand sliding joystick, you can change the tension of the strings, raise or lower the height pronunciation pull the joystick when the strings tension, tone on the rise; while inward shake When the rod, the strings are slack, pronunciation is reduced. Thus, you can raise or lower the strings to get a new overtone later, we called it “rocker overtones.” do not “cut the chord” and play sound ( But is any point on the string), called the basic tone, less use of the song.
due Monochord playing mainly used this “overtone” manner, so the legal system is mainly pure law Specifically, said Monochord playing, in addition to basic sound without cutting the string, the other sounds are effectively cut the chord length of 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1 / 8 six positions (commonly known as “cut the chord point”), issued by cutting the string section of “natural overtone,” it constitutes a sound column, called “natural overtone series.” Here is the fine print in group C was given Xianyin natural overtone series rocker overtones are also with two-tone, three-tone sound-fifth of the law as the basis of birth, because Monochord playing a pure law.
4 morphological classification
have bamboo and wooden two kinds.
bamboo
bamboo to 100 cm long, 12-15 cm in diameter bamboo hair half as big speakers, plus face to face downward from the bottom, also known as single-stringed gourd piano.
wooden
wooden who takes the shape of an irregular rectangular box-shaped piano, length 105 cm. larger right side of the piano first, width 11.5, height 8 cm, smaller left tail of the piano, 9 wide, high 6.5 cm. panels, floor Paulownia or pine wood, arched panel. plates made of mahogany or rosewood. piano First square of the sound hole, built-in microphone, speaker. wooden pegs or mechanical axis, Tap the piano first, spin the handle out. piano tail set horns or bamboo sticks, 30 cm long, the upper bow-shaped, so called bow string, the lower wear to trumpet-shaped gourd for decoration. Zhang steel strings or nylon wire string, the string wrapped around one end of the shaft and the other end tied to the rocker via Hulu Kou. bamboo paddles length 10, width 0.5 cm, pick one end of the string thin and sharp. was playing instruments overtones.
5 structural classification
ancient shape, relatively simple structure Monochord, by piano (resonance box), pegs, rocker, resonance tube, strings and rods and other parts of the pick. due to different production materials, which are divided into bamboo and wooden two kinds.
bamboo Monochord
piano using a length of thick wool bamboo production, tube length 100 cm, diameter 12 cm to 16 cm, will be erected on the bamboo floor, bamboo pattern split along go 2/5, more than half of the remaining bamboo can be used as the piano. removal of bamboo, split face down, away from the piano at the right end surface 10 cm, drill a small hole worn strings inside the piano up a bamboo horse , set the piano at the end of a wooden pegs, 4 cm in the left side of the piano, drilling through-holes with a diameter of 0.5 cm, insert bamboo stick. curved rocker upper left, showing arcuate lower end through a transverse go to the bottom of a small gourd do resonate barrel. resonance tube through the left side of the string department at the end of the rocker, piano chord plane about 6 cm from the right end of the string through the hole, wrapped around the bottom of the piano chord axis. use bamboo rod pick play.
wooden Monochord
piano and glued by the panel, floor boards and boxes made. appearance of irregular rectangular box-shaped, wide at one end of the piano the first piano, piano surface narrow tail end of the piano. resonance box full length 105 cm, width 12 cm piano first, high 8 cm, 8 cm wide tail piano, high 6.5 cm, using Paulownia panel production, the thickness is about 0.3 cm, bottom using pine production, thickness of 0.6 cm or so, mahogany or rosewood frame plates and other hard wood production, about 1 cm thickness. panel surface was slightly arched, the first floor of the left side square gap, it is both the sound hole, and easy to install the strings. tapered shaft with wooden pegs or metal gear shaft, tapped in the piano first cavity, fixed between the two frame plates, rotary handle protruding outside the frame plate. rocker general use of bamboo, but also the use of horns or ivory crafted rocker about 30 cm long, the upper rod was bow-shaped, so it was called “string bow”, the lower rocker wearing a resonance tube, a tube of small cross-section of the gourd, was flare, it can play the role of sound resonance, but also as a decoration, the lower rocker line in the central part of the tail of the piano. use steel strings or nylon strings wrapped around steel strings, press and hold the right end of the bridge, through the piano chord face hole, wrapped in the first piano chord axis through Hulu Kou Department at the lower left joystick in Vietnam, Monochord gourd Monochord also said that because the resonance tube is made of natural grown small gourd made to end in most of the spin system to the use of wood hyacinth. pick stick making more use of bamboo, about 15 cm and a width of 0.5 cm for the end provoke a little thin and sharp strings, there is also glass, horn or ivory rods produced pick.?
6 playing skills
played Monochord when to take a more sitting playing, can cross the piano placed on the table, a shelf, or legs, can also be placed on the end of lap harp, piano first placed on the other bracket thing, the right hand playing pick stick, gently touches the outer edge of the palm strings 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5 , overtone pronunciation 1/6, 1/8 and other points left hand holding the stick, by pushing, pulling changing string tension, raise or lower the height of pronunciation. Monochord A multi-tone tuning up to, and sometimes can also be defined as . C sound from the strings to the string tension relaxation pitch overtone, its range E-# c3, nearly four octaves pull the strings on the rocker tension, can increase the degree of junior string sounds;. pushing the joystick strings on relaxation, reduces net open string four degrees, so that in six natural overtone (greater use 1/2 to 1/6 of overtones), it had also produced a new rocker overtones. combination can form various in the form of scales, chromatic, even all edged, a slight decrease of the sound can be played. Monochord can play scales, intervals of jumping into a variety of decorative tone and portamento. right skills bombs, pick and touch the strings, playing, Pick rapidly alternating obtained similar to “roll” effect, issued by the pitch of the complex overtones and sound; left hand skills vibrato, pull, push, pull, rub, Tuirou, hit, hit, shake, tremolo, and portamento and so on.
7 Playing techniques
Vibrato: Rotary light left little finger piano bar, so even shake pronounced vibrato effect as bowed instruments.
Pull: Pull the left lever harp help make the strings sound pressure.
push: left-handed piano bar to help push to make sounds by lowering.
pull Sophie: pull and rub combined.
push Sophie: Push and soft combined.
play: After the right hand plucked out his left thumb piano bar tap it.
hit: the right hand plucked, tapping his left index finger inward look at the piano bar.
Shake: hit and hit combined use.
vibrato: that even playing.
the portamento: After the right hand plucked, piano left hand to pull the lever. Need to indicate the start and end in the sound spectrum.
falling tone: the right hand plucked the left hand pushing the piano bar.
8 piano repertoire
Monochord traditional solo of “Mountain and Flowing Water”, “horse”, “hearsay” and so on.
creative solo of “border battle”, “fishing village Morning” and other.
Guangxi signing composer Luo Zaitao creation and produced a Chinese debut Monochord album “Rhine Opera”, played by Monochord successor Su Haizhen, album-style innovation, and on the playing Monochord greatly broadened the expressive power chord melodies for the sole purpose of expansion, like to expand audiences, loved by the public.
9 Jing ethnic arts
May 18, 2010, the Chinese Ministry of Culture announced the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage list of recommended items (new selected projects). Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Dongxing declaration “Beijing family Monochord Art” was selected, the project included traditional music classes of intangible cultural heritage.
