China Ming wipe outs string instruments. Hu, also known song, stringed fiddle. Mainly spread in Henan, Shandong area, Quju Henan, Shandong piano book, Lvju major musical accompaniment. Hu’s predecessor is dropping small three-stringed lute. For rap, opera accompaniment, artists feel the effects of plucked string instruments with timely and difficult and singing, then follow the erhu, use horsetail bow-outs, and piano to the erhu Qintong drum, forming fall HU. Cylindrical shape of four Hu huqin fall, but short and thick, with copper or hardwood production, before the mouth mask python. Piano bar and headstock like shamisen. Piano bar cater to the fretboard. Zhang two strings. Generally tuned in a, d1, range a ~ d3. In addition to the accompaniment, but also for ensemble and solo.
HU fall in China’s national orchestra rather peculiar kind of instrument. It formed in the late Qing Dynasty, has been a century of history. At that time in Henan, Shandong and other places. Spread some local folk art, “Yingge willow”, “three-stringed lute twist in the book” and so on. For their accompaniment of musical instruments is small “small three-stringed lute.” Long-run, arts people feel small plucked stringed lute playing music, you can not care cavity with actors combine. So some artists will be in a small three-stringed lute twelve strings plus a tail between the bow, pull the string becomes. Thereby increasing the level of the concert. This formed the earliest fall HU. Then in order to improve sound area, perfect tone. It will be a lot of hair speaker transformation. There were wide spread in it, so in different places, different operas. Changes are not the same. The traditional three main categories. Qu Hu Zhuiqin pendant. These three instruments headstock, piano bar, fingerboard, bow, etc., have retained all of the small three-stringed lute shape. Difference in Qintong.
HU is a small three-stringed lute fall restructuring, aka Zhuiqin or pendant, also known erxian. Is a minor song, and Shandong piano book Lvju major musical accompaniment. Qintong with hardwood or brass, one end of the Mongolian snakeskin. Piano bar doubles as a finger board. Set two Zhen, Zhang two strings, played with a bow ponytail. Except for the fall Hu accompaniment, but also for the ensemble, solo. Generally tuned in a, d1, range of a-d3. This instrument can both solo ensemble, and its range is very wide, soft voice, the volume is relatively large, and the other instruments is different is that it can vividly imitate the human voice, singing, speeches, and even birds called sound and so on. Popular in central China, is Henan pendant, pendant Fukasawa, Shandong piano book, Lvju, folk major musical accompaniment.
Origin of the development
According to legend, in the Qing Dynasty (1644 AD – 1911 AD) of Emperor Kangxi, Emperor edict, the court removed the troupe, only living to folk artists entertainer, one day, a small three-stringed lute artist bitten bad skin, But soon show up, desperate, between the artist to use thin Paulownia board replaced again erhu bow caught in the middle of two strings pull-outs, so that one can play music, but also approximate the human voice musical instruments was born, which is falling Hu.
Has developed the fall HU HU Fukasawa fall, fall sanxian HU, falling Banhu three.
Henan pendant spread Hebei Fukasawa, the absorption of Peking Opera, Hebei Clapper nutrition combined with local customs, the formation of a new local opera Fukasawa fall drama, Hu accompaniment fall into copper by the board, so that range is more simple and honest, graceful form Fukasawa fall HU.
Instrumental composition
HU fall from the piano bar, piano axis Qintong, bows, strings, piano horses and other components. Qintong as hardwood, mahogany or yellow Paulownia, eight square, before the mouth Mongolia snakeskin, after opening a hollow border. Sanxian piano bar piano part similar but shorter dry. Total length of about 90 cm, cater to the fretboard, Zhang two strings, string holder at once, running inside the bow string. Played with horsetail bamboo bow. Four degrees tune a stringed instrument A, d, range of about two and a half octaves. HU fall pitched tone, soft, except for the accompaniment, but also for solo and instrumental ensemble.
Erxian 1 that the moon and last quarter chord.
2 refers to the two stringed instruments. (A) one kind of plucked instruments. “Book of General Ching continued. Le seven “:” erxian The Fan Department Le, camphor for the body, of the song, Tong surface, rectangular bottom with a hole, usually three feet. “(2) that the erhu. “Book of General Ching continued. Le seven “:” erxian equal erhu, but both before and after the trough to take the skin, the more sedate tone, midrange instruments. “See” erhu. ”
3 stringed string of fine and thick in the old sub-strings are.
Instrument Features
Shape Features
Falling Hu and Chen Yang Song “music book” dwarfed Xi Qin is very similar in shape, especially the two axes placed in the piano bar on the right, is a popular Chinese majority Han areas are just pull strings violin class (similar to its Korean Xi Qin ), may be the relics. Quanzhou Kaiyuan Temple (built in the early Tang Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty rebuilt) Ziyun temple carvings in brackets Musicians playing erxian image (“Chinese music history illustrated book” IV-62).
Playing skills
Falling Hu playing skills worthy of a mention is its imitation sound functions. It can simulate human laughter, dogs and other animals hen rooster sounds, but also to imitate some percussion playing sound. If Liangxian Jun’s “big play board” Renton used the image of the bow playing techniques mimic the human laughter. Wu Yongping’s “Zhuiqin and suona” and falling Hu and suona mimic many common animal sounds, such as the rooster hen birds and so on. There Mr. Ma Guanglu of the “August wounded Everywhere” with falling Hu imitate gongs and other percussion cymbal sound to heighten the atmosphere of the song is the song an instant orgasm. There are many songs in imitation of the sound clips, not in this with you enumerate. There pendant double string playing techniques Hu, Hu is falling apart because according to the string so it can be a string accompaniment, played a chord melody. This is the other nations pulled strings can not be compared.
Instrument structure
Guangdong music used erxian and Fujian South Sound erxian structure used differently. Guangdong music erxian wooden piano bar, Qintong bamboo, front Mongolia thick python backend completely empty, thicker strings, bows longer pronunciation rough with sand tones, Guangdong music “five head” world. Opera in the Pa chamber also used erxian accompaniment.
Fujian South Sound erxian piano bar in the bamboo, and bamboo roots as headstock decoration. Qintong made using block of wood hollowed out to make Paulownia sounding board, tube after exposure, with hardwood pegs, peg mounting orientation with erhu contrary, installed in the piano bar on the right. Bows by a bamboo bow truss made with pony tail, but the tail is relatively soft. Playing Erxian right hand need flexibility bow. And outboard restricted to use to push the bow, all within a chord with bow, pronunciation, thin, simple and elegant.
Musical Instrument Type
Late 1970s, the successful development of the Shanghai Conservatory sanxian fall HU. Qintong made of steel plates, tube length and a diameter of 10 cm, before the mouth of Mongolia to python, piano bar length 90 cm, 3 tuning strings of d, a, d1, using double hair bow, the first unit bow hair into a, d1 between two strings, controlled by the right middle finger, and the second line stocks bow hair was slightly loose, placed in d, a string between two to the right hand ring finger control, pull-outs single, dual tone. Extends the bass range to five degrees interval, by d ~ d4, up to four octaves. Sound and bright, simple and honest, two-tone and firm, plump.
Sanxian fall falling Hu Hu, while maintaining the original features, but also develop and enrich the expressive power, the most suitable for playing lively, smooth music, and can simulate percussion, vocals and some animals such as chirping sound. The 1970s, has also developed a new instrument – falling banhu. It consists Qintong, piano bar, headstock, pegs, Yamaguchi, string horse, strings and bow and other components. Structure is the use of a treble fall Hu’s piano bar and Banhu Qintong, piano bar length 60 cm, Qintong front port diameter 10 cm, 6 cm long.
Fall banhu wide range, in Henan Quju accompaniment, is tuned g, c1, range from the g ~ g3, up to three octaves. Timbre between Hu and banhu fall between the soft approximation fall Hu bass, treble clear and pure. Banhu fall outside except for solo, ensemble with other instruments also combines sound coordination. With strong local characteristics such as the most suitable for opera and Quju local opera in Henan musical accompaniment, but also suitable for the dance solo or accompaniment.
Musical Instruments predecessor
Stringed instrument commonly used in the county each village. Small three-stringed lute * users to produce their own, with the toon, chaff trees and trees block Tangli carved. Length of 60 centimeters, including string tube, chord, chord first three parts. Chord tube diameter of 10 cm, the back carved with floral tones windows, front stretch snakeskin or Kazakhstan frog skin. Head, such as strings twisted strings with three different thickness old, sub strings, plus chord pillow, string code. Small three-stringed lute accompaniment for jump-sheng, momentum scale, solo tunes, then tactfully, such as complaints. Varied feelings for loved folk musical instruments.
According to legend, long ago, a man named mountains in Wumeng A hot young man, headman daily grazing cattle and sheep, Bitterness years. One day, A hot rescued a white cliff fall foal hoof, carefully looked after feeding Biaofeitizhuang, people say called foot snow Wu Zhuima. Guy every day, rode to the sheep, but also trained a good riding. A fever is the sheep one day, suddenly the horse went chieftain home racetrack, race election husband going on here, just rang artillery began, riders ran forward like an arrow, Wu Zhuima red open crowd, Colts went to the front. Bread from heaven afar hero, ecstatic, when he saw their slaves, the A heat brutally beaten, beloved pony was also toast claimed. Soon, the official toast to please some mountain homes, want to ride Wu Zhuima significant prestige, who knows pony feet kicking, fell toast, snapped the reins to escape, toast soldiers shot Wu Zhuima life, pony Although still covered by arrows went home, A heat while pulling arrows, while a drug immediately, pony end result of his injuries and died. BMW beloved guy day and night, one night, Wu Zhuima Tuomeng A heat: “Master, ah, you do not be sad, my leather collar with a piano box, do the piano bar with a leg, tail twisted strings, let us Together curse dead chieftain, and then with gladness. “guy woke up, made a compact with the cherry tree piano, horsehide masked, horsetail do strings, hand pop buzz sound, this sound is sad, there is joy. Since then, the three-stringed lute in the Yi people in the widely circulated.
Development spread
Hu, although the formation of falling short history, but very wide spread. Especially after the founding of the vigorous development of folk music, falling Hu has basically throughout the country. So it is also formed around the different playing style. Traditional songs are mostly a place where opera and music for the material evolved. Such as “big play board” is Henan Quju music for the material, “Kwame Shandong” is Shandong local music clips. Traditional songs are in a strong sense of rhythm, characterized by cheerful humor. Tune a stringed instrument with four degrees tunes are mainly hand-made tuning are more fixed, for adjusting the tension of the strings are adjusted to resolve. Therefore, the traditional form of performance will be confined in a small space. After the founding of the musicians who played the fall Hu forms and techniques, do a lot of reform and innovation. From a single opera accompaniment goes solo, ensemble, concerto, and many more forms of play.
In the national orchestra played an important role. Such as folk music ensemble “playing Yu Gu harvest celebration”, “wedding man”, “celebrate door”, which are played by falling Hu collar, which have achieved good agreement results. There Jinan Military Region Song and Dance Ensemble of improved fall erhu, but also very, very good results in the orchestra. But the biggest change is the fastest growing solo. Folk musicians after the reform and consolidation, while retaining some traditional tunes, but also created a lot of good tracks. If the light Lu Yiping tramadol playing solo “Henan song licensing song”, in the fifth world World Youth Arts Festival won bronze. There Mr. Ma Guanglu creative solo song “Spring Music”, “western Henan style”, “home good news”, also has received various awards in the country. The “Spring Music” was also well-known violinist Mao Yuan adapted for the violin. Henan Youth falling Hu performer Mr. Liang Xianjun, finishing adaptation of traditional music “big from the board.” Worked in 2096 Great Wall Cup Tournament winners. Mr. Liang Xianjun are more bold, daring and innovative musician composer. His adaptation of sanxian falling Hu song “Spanish Matador Dance” is more representative of the song, song played with a lot of new methods and techniques, backing band is also a “guitar” “Keyboard” “Spanish castanets”, etc. Western music composition. Whole song is divided into two, the first half of the C tune playing, the latter part of the D play.
Using twelve stringed lute with loud chords approach greatly improves the performance of power and falling Hu playing skills, and create a new fall Hu playing skills areas. There he created falling Hu solo “slow crib” aka “peony flowers” Yes, and Mr. Ma Guanglu song “New Year of the” taken from the same material, but, and Mr. Ma Guanglu song but each with flavor, song Liangxian Jun President with a large-scale cooperation, rubbing big big way just slip and Mr. Ma Guanglu exquisite small, compact and orderly style in stark contrast. His adaptation of falling Hu song “King James Hu tune” “Silver button silk”, etc., are very good song. Which also uses a number of new methods and techniques. The fall falling Hu virtuoso Wu Yongping HU song, “Kwame Shandong” is used as the material of Shandong local music creation music. Whole song tunes cheerful flexible, fully cited falling Hu portamento vibrato and other techniques. There Mr. Wu’s “falling Hu and suona” in the fall and suona echoed Hu’s to mimic human and animal sounds. This is a new play falling Hu form, the full description of Hu’s fall and sociability. There Mr. Ren Yiping’s “Harvest” is also more influential falling Hu solo. In addition there are many more famous violin virtuoso is also proficient in the fall of Hu’s play, such as: Liu Mingyuan Zhao Hanyang Yun Seinfeld once and so on. Which fall Hu Liu Mingyuan Zhao Hanyang had used for many movies, TV series soundtrack. Hu, China has been a fall indispensable instrument orchestra.
Interpretation of the tracks
HU falling in many opera, folk band plays a very important role. HU using sinkers lead player for opera opera orchestra are: “Henan Quju” “more stressed” “Taikang affections” “Henan fall drama” “Anhui Suzhou pendant play”, “Shandong Lvju” “pendant Fukasawa play” and so on. Folk band are: “Henan pendant”, “Shandong piano book” and so on. Where “more stressed” is used in the treble falling Hu, it is based on Qu Hu shorten the piano bar to increase the volume. Used only for opera accompaniment
On the market able to collect complete fall Hu Sound Recording has (except opera). Ma Kuang Lu’s CD “western Henan style” and Liang Xianjun a VCD Quju “big from the board.”
“Western Henan style” tracks
Name of instrument tune material
“Spring Music” song Hu Henan Quju music Ma Guang Lu
“Harvest” Alto falling Hu Yiping Henan local music
“Northwest folk song” Folk Song Hu Ma Kuang Lu Northwest
“Who does not speak good home” song Alley songs adapted Ma Guang Lu name
“Henan song licensing song” Song Hu Yiping Henan local music
“Western Henan style” Qu Hu Yuxi Ma Kuang Lu local music
“Silver twisted silk” alto falling Hu Ma Kuang Lu traditional tunes
“Siping Lu opera tune” Song Hu Shandong Lvju music Ma Guang Lu
“Umeki” Qu Hu Henan local music Ma Guang Lu
“Transportation is busy” Qu Hu Henan local music Ma Guang Lu
“Eight board Variations” Qu Hu Ma Kuang Lu traditional tunes
“The good news home” folk music ensemble adaptation alley name Ma Kuang Lu
“Big play board” received Tracks
Name of instrument tune material
“Big play board” music Liangxian Jun Qu Hu Henan Quju
“Quju tune duet” Qu Hu Henan opera music Liangxian Jun
“Henan brand song” falling Hu Henan dance music high accounting
“Old music” sanxian falling Hu song “old couple Xuemao election” Liangxian Jun
“Slow crib” Qu Hu Henan Quju music Liangxian Jun
“Weep Yan Hui” sanxian fall alley name tunes adapted once and Yun
“Qingming Festival” Song Hu Henan local music Liangxian Jun
“Scissors sharp flower” local music Liangxian Jun Qu Hu Henan
“Bitter music” Song Hu Henan local music Liangxian Jun
“Silver twisted silk” traditional tunes Liangxian Jun Qu Hu
Other
“Kwame Shandong” Zhuiqin Shandong Wu Yongping local music
“August wounded Everywhere” song alley adapted Ma Guang Lu song name
“Spanish Matador Dance” sanxian fall alley names arranger Liangxian Jun
“Fair City” sanxian fall alley adapted Ma Guang Lu song name
“King James Hu tune” song arranger Liangxian Jun alley name
“The Lark” Qu Hu namesake arranger Liangxian Jun
Ensemble or falling Hu song with the band
“Celebrate the door” Young Shaolv, he and Yun Qu
“Escorting people” hidden Dongsheng, He of all, Liu Jin-song
“Yu Gu Harvest playing” what song of all
