Drum is an ancient Chinese Han ethnic instruments , it comes from life , but also a good demonstration of life. Is a national problem, drum -ming hit film musical , historic , pronunciation clear and sharp , widespread civil , charming Ansai waist drum off a yellow ground hurricane , demonstrating the northwest Loess Plateau farmers simple and bold personality , a unique publicity artistry.
Definitions
Words: drum
Pinyin : yāo gǔ
The basic explanation
[waistdrum] percussion, short cylindrical, two smaller middle a little fat , hanging at the waist beat
Detailed explanation
1 . Ancient percussion instruments. With tile or wooden box . Two large, thin waist , with the palm slap . Song Su ” flower lovers ” poem: . ” Taoist advised me Qingming , the drum surface, such as a hundred Jubilee ” Qing Yin , “Chang Chun Yuan Zhang Ji lights Ciyan owned homes Christine ” Four Poems: “Fortunately, no noisy neighbors than the drum, Tu lazy by tourists on the bridge . ”
2 drum used in the Qing Dynasty Triumph cymbals Clarion . Mongolian leather sides , abdomen slightly larger , hanging on the gallows hit the . See ” Qing Hui map” volume thirty-nine .
3 Modern waist inspired by the drum , wooden box , two small, thicker waist , hanging around his waist when played with a mallet strike outs . Prevalent in the early revolutionary base in northern Shaanxi , the popular national liberation . Guo shadow Autumn ” from the wire room back Luzhou ” poem: Xu Chi “Fire in Phoenix · Fengxiang eight” “leading off in sight , drum sound altogether .” : ” Beijing is a liberated city, a people of the city , a free day not in the downtown flowers, the ever-present sound of the drum , singing and dancing , youth filled city . ”
4 . The merits metaphor brothers success. Qing Wang晫” present and said , Light slander ” : . ” Zhang Quan brother Zu Jing , Zu be, both to poetry progenitor static micro- Johnson , Sun Yu Taiwan taste to read their poetry, reward , saying: ‘ Zhang brothers such as drum, husband Qi Sure ! ‘ “See also” drum brothers . ”
2 Introduction
Drum is a percussion instrument . The shape of a cylinder , the ends a little thin , middle thicker , drum about 34 cm , the skin on both sides . There are rings on the drum frame with ribbons hanging at the waist, hands armed strike outs while playing drumstick , and accompanied by dance moves. Very popular folk drum , people danced waist encouraged transform formation , or walking , or in a knock while dancing venue . Younger also used in folk dance . Initially popular in Shaanxi drum , then popular in the whole of China’s development . Performances in form and technique , the change is extremely rich in folk pop extremely broad masses of the people in the form of a loved performing . In recent years, many residents have been encouraged by the waist , in the city ‘s rise , which is mainly to entertain , but also a rich leisure life.
3 History
Is a very unique drum major folk dance .
Drum has a long history , tracing roots , had to start from the drum . Drum is a symbol of the spirit , the power of dance performance , encouraging precedent binding open dance culture. If the ” Book of Yi Ji ” in the ” hit rock pat stone beasts and dance ,” chronicles the primitive society, people pounding stone , imitating the image jump dance totem beast , then ” Yi Jing ” and “Drum to do the dance of God, ” then the appearance of the drum , so get dancing leap into dance began farming culture is important to carry forward the national spirit art form .
Birthplace and origin
Located in Hengshan Township has black wood川南塔Village Zhang village , the birthplace of one of the drum , drum today is also the most complete and best preserved of the original place , since it maintains drum traditional things completely clear . As early as the Qin and Han periods , drum was stationed soldiers deemed swords , bows and arrows as essential equipment . Encounter the enemy raid on drumming alarm message across ; battle against armies to drumming cheer ; fought victory , soldiers and drums to celebrate. With the passage of time, the drum from military use evolved into local people pray to the gods , and wished harvest of a folk dance to celebrate the Spring Festival , so that the drum has a greater mass , but in the drumming style and performance continue to retain some of the soldiers of the Qin and Han exuberant heroic . In 1981, with the next of Ansai County , Yan’an City, Wang Liang Village Village a place called ” Mausoleum collapse ” in the hills , people discovered a tomb in the land. Which unearthed the shape, character modeling drum portrait of two identical tiles , are in turn molded fired . After Yan’an archaeological heritage experts , the Department of the Song Creator . Portrait bricks shaped drums who destroyed the waist waist drums, sideways , raised the head to the left , left foot touch the ground , before kicking out his right leg across his hands high and low for waving hammer -like drumming left one man knock cymbals who both feet , suck his left leg , seeing the left , his hands on his chest to do like playing cymbals . Drummers shirtless , wearing bloomers , ribbon tied at the waist , before floating to the bottom . Especially the drumming ‘s actions and image, resembling today’s drum in ” horse kick ‘ fourth shot , and” pre- progress ” second shot action. Bricks drum screen is clear , attractive appearance, a vivid demonstration of China’s Song dynasty Northern Shaanxi drum performances , the study of northern Shaanxi drum historical origins and development , providing valuable informative cultural relics .
Developing
In 1942, Yan’an and the rise of new Border Region Younger campaign to drum this ancient folk art has been developed to become hundreds of millions of soldiers and civilians to celebrate the victory , celebrated as a symbol of liberation , and known as the “victory drum .” , throughout the land of China , loaded the glorious annals of revolutionary art movement . In 1951, joined the Chinese folk drum music, dance act, by the village of Anse Ai Feng Xiushan other folk artists to teach the young Chinese drum troupe skills , after the World Youth and Students Festival in Budapest organized performances, won the top award , so that the drum famous at home and abroad . In recent years, it has at the 11th Asian Games opening ceremony , the handover celebrations and other events in the show, and went to Japan to perform. Drum performances by a few people or thousands of people participate together , majestic momentum , superb expressiveness intoxicated , known as “the first drum .”
4 style characteristics
Depending on the style of drum rhythms of the original text , Wu points, “Wen drum ” relaxed , chic and lively , a small range of motion , similar to the Younger style ; “Wu drum ” is cheerful intense, bold and unrestrained, and a larger kicking , jumping and rotating movements, especially the drummer leapt skills to people with valiant , intense feeling. Currently, Wen, Wu drum gradually combine to form a new style , and West River Township in Ansai Zhenwu hole with two of the most distinctive . They vividly reflect the honest people , honest temperament and character traits . Especially in the show , and organically blend of martial arts and Younger folk dance movements, there is relaxation Zhang , live without chaos , an orderly retreat , magnificent, deep and powerful . People praise as ” generous formula completely different hardware .”
Drum style characteristics can be summarized as the following:
An expression of inner passion of the dancers move through the law change . Drumming dancers can not help but shake the shoulders shook his head slightly , so that the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation feelings combined organic law , to both spirit and form , harmony and ease.
2 , dancers waving hammer drumming dice vicious, whether it is on the play, the next play is wrapped around the waist to play, hands should throw off the drumstick . However, although not quite ruthless , it is tall and vigorous , Meng Jin still missing in delicate feeling.
3 , do kicks, jumps when either big kick, kick or kick a small action , should have dice ” pretty ” fresh. Cheerful rhythm , more difficult, on behalf of the drum rough forthright, bold forceful style.
4 , turn the key to drum drumming performances . Where do squats in the dance , kick action must be turned , it must be fierce when you turn around, especially doing squats vacated landing jumps , side turn, when a combination of actions starting side must beat fixed , the use of rapidly Meng Jin to complete the change and connecting actions.
5, the morphological complexity of legal action , the larger the magnitude of the jump . With the accelerated pace of performances , the pace began to complex tap jump and swing around the body to increase the amplitude . Such as do ” horse kick “, ” coveralls turn” , ” horse jumping ” and other movements, the dancers use lunge backward jump twice , then strode across the front left leg , right leg and pedal force starting potential if the hustle and bustle , show an indomitable spirit.
5 shapes
Drum shape and slightly larger with the same hub , is the hub legend evolved .
Wooden drum drum body , both ends of the Mongolian horsehide leather or mule . Drum body painted with red paint or lacquer . Some painted ornamentation. Two drum unit drum body side ring , ring lacing the drum Xiegua at the waist, his hands armed with a whip percussion. Large drum 40 cm long , 20 cm in diameter drumhead ; small drum length 34 cm , 15 cm in diameter drumhead .
6 embouchure
Drum playing wide variation method , such as ” China “, ” dead “, “single point”, ” spend “, ” mess “, “long point” , “water” , “tight three hammer ” and so on. Drum techniques combined with the action there , “Phoenix three nod “, ” big tiger face “, ” Thor drums “, ” Butterfly Fly “, ” Ji Zhuomi “, ” big horse wrapped around the waist ” and so on . Folk drum team performances in festivals in waist encouraged to hundreds of people, often divided into two teams , with the nature of competition in order to increase jubilant warm atmosphere . Lu Xun Art Academy in 1943 was set to music with words , writing “Victory drum ” ( He Jingzhi words , Liu Zhi and other music ) on stage .
7 performances
Playing drum and dance movements closely, called ” waist encouraged .” Initially popular in northern Shaanxi Ansai , Yokoyama , Mizhi sub continent and other places, Ansai , Yokoyama most popular.
Drum performances can be broadly divided into ” Road Drum ” and ” venue drums .”
” Road Drum ” is a drum team performances dance while walking in the road , the former leader by two umbrella head , followed by the collapse Drum and garland dance team consisting of B – umbrella immediately behind the head of a Kua drum , “the head of the road drum ” , the first road drum drumming must be skilled experts , the team ‘s movements and rhythms Jihuan transformation , integration by him to command . The rear of the team , is dressed pretty woman, pretty Han clown , and some dressed Monkey, Pig and other characters in Journey to the West , casual twist, laugh fun to add festive joy. ” Road Drum ” Because in the road show, generally simple action , to a lesser extent , do more “cross walk “, ” walking step” , ” horse wrapped around the waist and other actions. Usual formation of” one across the street , “” double across the street “,” single dragon wagging tail “,” Ssangyong wagging tail , ” and so on.
“Site drum ” refers drum team arrived performances locations open after performances wherever he goes . Waving at the start of the umbrella head umbrella orders , suddenly drum gongs , all dancers dancing with umbrella head . This section is called ” big step on the field ,” the slow -paced show , the purpose is to open the venue , opened the team , hold the audience mood. Second singing and dancing , performing fast- paced getting larger range of motion , formation changes variety. Common formation of ” House of God “, ” temple “, ” gold medal hanging in front of God ,” ” the rich continue to head” , “Monk swim door” and so on. To elicit “Sun Arc” pattern , the umbrella stand attend Central Cantor Younger , lyrics occasion and objects may be, when ” Ye Temple” , there is worship temple elegiac , generally show has the audience New Year greetings , but also festive harvest and wishes good luck and so on. Umbrella head when singing , and all the dancers circling trot on the sidelines , and then repeat the last sentence of each paragraph to sing , commonly known as ” followed by the sound .” After singing , umbrella head exit the venue by the collapse Drum and garland admission performances out of a variety of complex formation . At the moment no time constraints, the performance of the dancers enjoy their skill trick, feeling warm, ups and downs , so show orgasm. To highlight the recent collapse Drum drum skills when performing ” venues Drum” by the collapse Drum Solo performances at the venue . Under the head of the road all the drummers drum sub- command, spirits, drumming dance , when I saw the drumstick waving colored silk whipped, drums thunder, shook the earth , the momentum is compelling, contagious. After the end of this period , then other forms of sideshow small farm programs, such as “running donkey “, “water boat “, ” stilts “, “two ghosts fight” , “big monk” and so on. How many program formats , depending on the village ‘s talents and conditions. After the small field program , followed by a period of great field drum performances . At the moment percussion knock quickly, suona blowing a tight grip, drumming is more intense, more cheerful mood , so the whole show ends and high in the atmosphere of intense emotions .
8 Activities practices
In the past, mostly in the temple festivals and performances, the Spring Festival to the annual Lantern Festival , is focused on the activities of the time . Before the event , to be organized by the temple president ( elected by the village elected ) festival, called ” Ye Temple” : dance team under the leadership of the umbrella head , beat drums, blowing suona , sometimes carrying whole sheep and whole pig went to the temple to burn incense and other offerings of worship , pray to the gods bless the good weather , peace and prosperity . And kicked while in the temple square , intended to amuse . ” Ye Temple” end is the beginning after 1989 , the team began to suffer drum door New Year activities , commonly known as ” Siemens along .” There is such a local proverb : ” ! Percussion suona ringing mile, mile ass pry stick underneath the” masses also sit still. At this time, the situation in the village drum team walked by each string in turn , in the main courtyard , the former kiln performances while, umbrella head according to each case, recalling the tragic concert paragraphs Geely Younger to table greeting meaning. The main home is considered drum team hammering home into the hospital , Singing , can ward off free hard , Four Seasons peace . This is the ancient ” countryman Nuo ” custom legacy. Sometimes the two teams met on the way drum , usually sung by mutual umbrella Younger , celebrate the New Year, let the opposite direction, but the situation is not to track each other sometimes appear , at the moment we should athletics tournament Arts , fight a level . Teams percussion masterpiece , Suona , drum sound , like spring thunder rolling . Drummer who enjoy hitting, jumping, as crazy like crazy , playing to a climax , drumming respite , antiphonal singing appearances by both umbrella head , which is an aspect of competition skills . There are a squad until the first corner chaos , action arrhythmia, drums, less than a unified formation are also not on time or antiphonal repartee , even if lost, she decided to give way , allowing the winner to go first. After ” along the Siemens ‘ end , even between neighboring village drum team New Year mutual visits to each other , exchange performances, which , like Younger and northern Shaanxi , known as the” take -color door . ” Fifteenth day , the team gathered in the village square drum began to race each other than mutual activities. Each drummer brightest show their skills , mutual advance scientific , drum performances became the climax of the year . This is not only active in the rural Spring recreational activities , but also to observe each other through , learn skills , promote and enhance the popularity of drum . That night also held a ” turn light” ( also called ” turn nine ” ) , almost everyone contention tour, Family same turn . By then drums and gongs , lights flashing, the first guide drum team , the crowd then witnessed a bustling scene.
Drum team activities often continue into the first month 17, 18, offering land behind God strike came to an end . Since then, the villagers would be reassuring to prepare for the spring plowing .
9 Inheritance
Drum has a broad mass base and a long history of development . In some of the main circulating area , almost every village has a drum corps , every family has a drummer. And generations , enduring. Precisely because of the long time it spread wide range , number of participants , therefore the basic form of dance and movement law although roughly the same , but in different regions , forming their different acting styles and customs. Ansai waist drum is one representative in the international prestigious .
10 types of drum editing
Jiegu : The original popular Western region into the Central Plains during the Northern and Southern , about the fourth century became popular at the time .唐 时成as the main playing instruments , generally horizontal when playing on the wooden seat, with two percussion drum stick , the speed quickly . The band is one of the characteristics of the instrument was Kucha . Emperor trespassing hit Jiegu , when practicing there Jiegu bad knock four cabinet .
Drum : Legend of Jiegu evolved , became popular in the fourth century , the Tang drum playing the role varies , called ” positive Drum” or ” and drums .” Since the Ming Dynasty , ” Fengyanghuagu “, ” huagudeng ” and Huaibei ” Flower Drum Song ” in the multi- use drum, and gradually evolved into its present form .
Drum shaped like a cylinder , the ends a little thin , thicker in the middle , both ends of the skin, the body has two drum hoop , with a string hanging at the waist, his hands armed with a gavel banging , drum no fixed pitch, clear sound , both as dancers instrument , but also as dance props , showing cheerful lively scene, is the main instrument drum team .
Wolf up : also known as “Wolf drum .” Popular in Fujian . Wolf waist drum up from the ancient musical instruments , shape and length of Korean drums, drum similar to Zhuang bee . Wooden drum body , is about 70 centimeters or so, a small middle , both ends of the thick and hollow , two Mongolian cow, about 30 cm in diameter drumhead , drum leather on the metal ring , worn by a rope line taut. Percussion or hand slap pronunciation with a wood hammer for Fujian “cage blow “, ” Fuzhou Juban ” and instrumental ensemble and Fujian opera accompaniment.
Yu Gu : Yu Gu , also known as ” bamboo piano ” or ” Road tube” , this instrument has been the Southern Song Dynasty . Yu Gu modern use is 65 to 100 cm in length , 13 cm in diameter around the bamboo , one end of the Mongolian sheepskin made in pigskin or , when playing, hold Yu Gu Jian left hand, right hand slap , a folk opera ” affections” ” Yu Gu ” and “Bamboo piano ,” the main accompaniment instrument .
