Fencai Ci called soft polychrome, the four traditional porcelains of Jingdezhen, are the main decorative techniques Pastel porcelain varieties. Pastel is a glaze (the porcelain body) painting painted by low-temperature sintering method. Late Qing Emperor Kangxi Fencai Ci is based on the five ceramic, porcelain enamel by the impact of the production process to create a new breed overglaze, fired in from the late Kangxi, after enduring dynasties popular.
Fencai Ci Introduction
Palace Museum opening character Qianlong famille rose teapot
Pastel also called “soft color”, is a species overglaze. The so-called glaze color, that is cooked vegetarian is painted on glaze, kiln after reentry 600 degrees Celsius to 900 degrees temperature baking. Fencai Ci methods are generally painted, first in high temperature firing porcelain pattern on the outline sketched out, and then use arsenic-free glass white primer, and then paint applied on top of this layer of white glass with a clean pen light gently shades of color shades according to the different needs of washing on, make petals and dark shades of character clothes sense. Since the role of arsenic emulsion method, the feeling of opaque white glass, with the integration of a variety of colors, they produce chalking effect, red color becomes pink, green color becomes light green, yellow color becomes yellow, other colors also become opaque light colors, and can control the amount added in an amount to obtain a range of different shades of shades of colors, giving the feeling of a soft pink lip, it said that the glaze color is “Pastel” in the performance of techniques, from flat shading fill progressed to the dyeing; in style, its layout and strokes, have the characteristics of traditional Chinese painting. Fencai Ci uses the “glass white”, and with painting techniques closely, this is Jingdezhen potters of a new initiative. The research laboratory, the so-called “glass white” is opaque white emulsion agent, is lead oxide, silicon, arsenic compounds, using its opaque effect, can make the painting appear uneven shading changes, increasing the expressiveness of painting, so that picture pink lip and soft, rich in traditional Chinese painting style, so to win the “Oriental Art Pearl” reputation.
Back in the late Qing Dynasty Emperor Kangxi, Jingdezhen Fencai Ci had come out, quite delicate Yongzheng and Qianlong reached a high artistic level. “Pearl Mountain Friends of Eight” leave a lot of pastels porcelain treasures, its leaders Wang Qi, the general method is applied to painted porcelain painted porcelain figures, like, painting holds deep, style novel, known as the “God technology. ” After the founding of New China, Fencai Ci more rapid development, many with healthy, fresh and generous assortment featuring new works. Art Porcelain Factory production of “longevity” brand Fencai Ci won the national gold medal.
Fencai Ci features
Palace Museum Yongzheng famille rose peony Handicap bottle
Fencai Ci decorative painting on the dyeing, the sisters learned the art of nutrition, take a dyed with chromatic approach, so that the object to be painted, regardless of figures, landscapes, flowers, birds, insects are obviously feel strong, clear light and shade , structured. Using both rigorous works fine painting depicts the subtle Painting, another infiltration dripping sway, simple and succinct of freehand drawing, as well as exaggerated and distorted decorative style. Even prints, watercolors, oil painting and watercolor painting and other arts are to integrate the use of sisters, subtle at the slightest unhappy; uninhibited place, lively. Pastel drawing, generally after playing map, l figure, make plans, making plans, drawing a line, the color material, coloring, dyeing and other processes. Them from making plans to hit the figure is an ink line Qigao for creative ideas, such as the decision to decorate painted porcelain content and image composition stage. The finalization of the official draw called “l map” to scan through thick and black pattern printed on the film down from porcelain called “make plans.” Then the printed ink line drawings turn take up to a formal drawing porcelain known as “making plans”, so you can be painted porcelain.
Pastel depiction, coloring technique is more complex and detailed, and generally picturesque, color, fill, wash, Pa, blowing, points and other techniques. Their employment with the brush, fill pen, wash the pen, brush, Benedict pens, pure gold pen, gold pen, agate pen, Pa pen and many other special pen.
Fencai Ci development
As early as the Qing Emperor Kangxi, pastels as a porcelain glaze painting art has started sprouting; into the Yongzheng period, become mature, and the formation of the unique style of decoration pastel; Qianlong famille rose has been very prosperous. Pastel art effects, beautiful and elegant, soft pink lip Kyo, which is fine white porcelain inseparable, they set off each other, side by side, organically combined.
Kangxi, Yongzheng Fencai Ci
Kangxi Fencai Ci Palace Museum
Fencai Ci Qing Emperor Yongzheng Palace Museum
Pastel founded in Kangxi, Yongzheng heyday in. In the late Kangxi porcelain enamel production, based on the Jingdezhen kilns began firing Fencai Ci, but the production thick, safflower flowers only in the use of pastels, dyed, other ornamentation still used multicolored production. Currently there are two main varieties found: one white, pastels device; First, green, yellow, purple three polychrome plus there Carmine (golden red) color. To Yongzheng, both in shape, Yi glazed and painted, the Fencai Ci have been an unprecedented development.
Yongzheng famille rose porcelain is one of the most famous variety, the color material than the Kangxi to be fine, soft colors, cracked stained many levels. Most of the white ground, a small amount of ground painted in the color ornamentation. Pictured up to admiral, peonies, roses, crabapple, seasonal flowers are also very common. Characters in the story map, also in pastels more. In addition, Fencai Ci in the homonym of “bat” (fu), “deer” (Paul) pattern is very common. Was prominent is the so-called “sticks” techniques.
Early Kangxi Yongzheng colorful style, pastel painted floral ornamentation, the regiment butterfly, eight peach bat (metaphorical many fortunes), over branches flowers, daffodils fungus, ladies, Ma Gu Xian Shou, children at play and so on. Lichtung obvious ornamentation, regular. Over pastel peach branches as bats disk, start from the disc wall painted peach and peach branches, over to the hub via Handicap access painted peach foliage and bats, Yongzheng period generally painted eight peach, Qianlong painted nine o’clock, the ” Yong eight dry-nine, “said. Yongzheng painted bat wings top the next bend a hook, the hook a little, mouth hairy (but not absolute). Ladies young people is small, handsome face, or the rocks, trees, etc. Jane sparse background, or leave more space. Then and Kangxi, as increased use of “golden red color”, fine ornamentation of the work is still hanging above the title with appropriate color ink poetry and painted red or pressure angle greet the first chapter, revealing a refined literary society at that time the wind. Kilns generally more in bowls, plates, stove, pots, Handicap bottles, vials pastel painted ornamentation.
Most have the kiln Yongzheng famille rose “Qing Yongzheng year” two-sixth kaishu. Kilns boutique has a private hall were paid, but also a pattern marker to control the bottom painted blue and white pen, ingots and smug, homophonic “certainly wishful” as prominent.
Qianlong Fencai Ci
Palace Museum Qianlong Fencai Ci
Qianlong famille rose porcelain is the larger share of this important species, on the basis of in Yongzheng porcelain have a new breakthrough. Qianlong famille rose part of the inheritance of the Yongzheng period in fatness Lichtung painted bright white glaze decoration features, such as the common broken branches flower plates, bowls, vials, vanities, BRUSHPOT statue of deer and other large objects.
Deer statue is Qianlong common varieties. Its mouth straight, mouth less gradually, hanging belly closed end, ring foot. Statue decorated the upper part of the ear two Loudiao Feng Kui, Pan Chi deer ear or ear, as a result of the reverse-type Tau or deer named. More deer statue painted in white on the ground mountains, trees, mountains and rivers and jungle, there are many deer heads or run or stand, or back, or bow, bright colors, level of clarity, layout density has caused. Such porcelain also called deer statue of one hundred. Qianlong of this species has been handed down by a few, mostly Guangxu imitation and poorly, dark in color Tan.
Qianlong famille rose painted white, in addition, there are colors to pastels or colored light to open painted pastels and other varieties. Innovation Qianlong famille rose varieties are yellow, green, red, pink, blue and other colors on the ground with very fine tools rolled out Creeping Interlocking Interlocking honeysuckle or other continuous stretches of ornamentation, and more, and used in conjunction with the opening, called the roll Road opening. The emergence of this process will be a more splendid pastel onto the pinnacle of harassment, has been extended to the Republic.
In addition, there are some in Fencai Ci Qianlong’s wall and the bottom full facilities within the green color, commonly known as “The Green Mile green background”, has been popular to the late Qing Dynasty, the Republic. Qianlong of the “Green Mile Green bottom” very pale, welcome to see the light side of a very fine wrinkles glazed like a calm lake breeze and the formation of small waves. Green color is very closely attached to the glaze, the glaze almost no explosive phenomenon. Common Qianlong famille rose decoration with landscapes, children at play, nine peach, melon butterfly, one hundred deer, birds and flowers, ladies, flowers (also known as “flowers do not open field”), the Eight Immortals, Yunfu, longevity, Interlocking flowers, flower ball , Butterfly and so on. In addition to the common-type outside, novel modeling and Ben Pakistan pots, Jiaotai bottles, turning neck bottles. Inscription are blue, red color, gold color and other species.
Jiaqing, Daoguang Fencai Ci
Palace Museum Jiaqing Fencai Ci
Fencai Ci Qing Dynasty Palace Museum
Reign polychrome with pastels for the mainstream, display equipment, paper room utensils, household utensils, and five for (by the two incense pot, two flowers and an incense burner catch composition) and ritual objects are considered common. Early pastels and Qianlong Jiaqing characteristics, relatively fine, both “flowers do not open field”, but also color to the opening of the rolling road. “Flowers are not exposed to” very fine, individual or even “golden flowers”; Choi and rolling road opening varieties of fine structured as Emperor Qianlong, painted ornamentation and some also significantly sluggish. Jiaqing Fencai Ci common with floral ornamentation, Babao, Yunlong, Rohan, children at play, pomegranate. Type with bottles, pen, wash, plates, bowls, teapots, halberds ear bottles. Pastel is in some artifacts and bottom of the inner wall of green glaze applied watercress, pressure Pteris pattern pastels device is still common to a variety of colors, such as yellow, red, green and so on. The adoption of this period gilt process is also more common.
In general, the characteristics Reign pastels are the following: First, open the kiln in pastels dimmer is more common; two inherited Qianlong produced pressure Pteris pattern (ie rolling road technology) Pastel still are more common; Third Blossoms heap, flowers very prominent figure picture artifacts; four in bowls also appeared on the mountains and landscape; Fifth, bowls, plates and the like objects pattern with flowers, fruit as much, particularly prominent is over branches leprosy melon symbols of Guadie rain auspicious meaning.
North Korea dynasty polychrome, in addition to white, pastels device, but there are a variety of colors seen in light pastels to open, and often combine and gilt process. Artifacts in addition to bottles, cans and a small amount of text of the appliances, the large number of dishes and other household utensils is, pattern with lotus, melon skin disease and children at play, and a variety of clean install Ladies Butterfly caterpillar fungus is outstanding. Also common “than auspicious,” “Ma Gu Xian Shou”, “peace has” other auspicious theme, which Where “Shendetang system”, “the main man-made bamboo negligent” and “kind of German Church” the funds Pastel device , most are more sophisticated.
Daoguang Reign towards Fencai Ci similar to the just painted butterfly melons, fruits, vegetables slightly refined ornamentation. Department “Shendetang” section of pastels is Tang dynasty emperor’s private money, the equivalent of the kiln, its exquisite workmanship, the main type with bottles, cans, flower pots, plates, bowls, lanterns respect, tureen and so on.
Republican Fencai Ci device
Revolution overthrew the Qing Dynasty and established the Republic of China after the firing specifically for the royal porcelain kiln factory closed, the National Porcelain make improvements, the establishment of a number of Porcelain Company, at this time in order to maintain Chinese Porcelain in the domestic market needs , the emergence of a large number of the early Republic of antique porcelain. Six celadon on to the next Tang, Five Dynasties, Song and Ming imperial kiln famous kilns typically is almost all generic, and vivid. Today, a large number of Republican imitations human remains were removed, and even many also flows overseas. Thus, the Republic of imitation goods is also worthy of further study. Which was also the production Fencai Ci is the mainstream.
Republican Fencai Ci is mainly based on imitation Yong GUO Shi-five, with dry pastels and pastel Zhaitang inscription finest, followed by private collectors have no money or writing Qing generations pseudo paragraph Fencai Ci, and so-called Hongxian porcelain.
GUO Shi-five imitation Yongzheng and Qianlong Fencai Ci imitation of the most elaborate and Yong, dry polychrome charm. According to “History of Jingdezhen”, “identification of the Ming and Qing porcelain”, “antique old news” and other writings introduction, either when the President Yuan Shikai had sent GUO Shi-five (formerly known as Guo Baochang) held in Jingdezhen pottery works supervision, is the history of the last Governor of China’s ceramic Tao officer. This officer who served as Governor pottery before and after a period of time, mainly in the developing antique porcelain. Because of his permanent Jingdezhen kiln workers on familiar, but also with a large amount of money hiring a conditional porcelain experts. Kuok imitation Yongzheng and Qianlong cloisonne and Fencai Ci, Taizhi white, fine art work, magnificent colors. 1949 Kuok family donated to the National Palace Museum, porcelain, there are many pieces of similar objects, to bottle-based, mostly write-mouth bottle lantern, table decoration is mainly the main characters, there are children at play, Ma Gu Xian Shou maps, diagrams and ancient scholars Goldsmith favorite piano, chess, calligraphy and painting patterns. Qianlong inherited method when applied color to enamel based, some ornamentation Gasch pastels, screen decoration beautiful, lively. Its inscription are red color Seal or script “Benevolence Hall system”, “goblet Zhaizhu”, “pottery overseer Guo Baochang honor system” and so on. This fine antique circles at the time called “Hongxian” said Republican porcelain or enamel. Early Republic “Hongxian” porcelain has become Kwok said on behalf of imitations. As the production level is high, then “Hongxian” porcelain, a famous antique dealer so many seek Gregory.
Cultural interaction and GUO Shi-five for his own firing imitation Yongzheng famille rose vase, bottle height 30 cm, wash mouth, narrow neck, slip the shoulder, round belly, ring foot, bottle following sections decorate the main, painting blooming flowers and fruits, vegetables, butterflies, butterfly bottle as Begonia chrysanthemum, lily Insects butterfly bottle, bottle Ganoderma orchids, peonies bottles, vases, rose, plum bamboo bottles. There are two bottom inscription A blue script “Great Qing Yongzheng year” of fonts, a reddish color Seal “GUO Shi-five,” the words section. Imitation Yongzheng famille rose vase white glaze Fanqing are quintana, some bright colors, and some elegant, the effect is far more beautiful, with Yongzheng famille rose flavor. Watch carefully, there is a large enough inner surface of the bristles eyes, black and gray blue color material biased tone color material surface is not smooth, and then Yongzheng famille rose pales compared to the real thing.
Fencai Ci and shallow sauce porcelain difference
Fencai Ci and Qianjiang are polychrome polychrome glaze, is different: Pastel coloring glass white primer required before, there is a saying that adding lead powder, so the color looks very pink.
Qianjiang color No, it is straightforward to light alum red, painted directly on the water green and other colored porcelain body, so will render the Qianjiang pastels generally do not.
Pastel prominent general feels a strong sense, especially Yongzheng Emperor Qianlong famille rose, materials and more, looking ever so pink and thick.
Qianjiang prominent feeling very weak.
Qianjiang color during the late Qing Dynasty more joined literati painting style, and then followed the blue and white pastel painting style.
From the degree of wear, the Qianjiang color more vulnerable to wear and tear, often off-color seriously. Figures or birds are to not see the point.
Pastel color material as thick, relatively easy preserved.
New Fencai Ci
Unleaded glaze pigments and coloring oxides 9:1 ratio by weight, into the grinding mill to prepare a color pigments and oil color pigment for decorative glazed porcelain, after 780 ℃ ~ 850 ℃ calcination, Get products. It overglaze enamel alternative to traditional lead flux, eliminating all toxic substances, with the use of environmentally safe, colorful hues characteristic. Suitable for art porcelain, ceramic and porcelain furnishings transparent old color, paint, pastels, and other types of glaze decoration. New Fencai Ci, including the following two enamel paint formulation (percentage by weight): Formulation A: 7.5% calcium oxide, 2.8% zinc oxide, barium oxide, 2%, 2.8% MgO, 30% quartz, alumina 4.2% boron oxide – borax 50.7%; formula B: 4.5% of calcium oxide, zinc oxide, 3%, 7.5% potassium, 30% quartz, alumina 4.2% mineralization boric acid 50.8%; first Formula A, respectively, in the boron oxide – Formulation B, borax and boric acid mineralization after calcination, respectively, and each of the other ingredients of the formulation mix, obtained by grinding the glaze enamel paint pigments A and B; then the glaze, enamel paint pigment A or B, or a mixture thereof coloring oxides with 9:1 ratio by weight, into the grinding mill to prepare a color pigments and oil color pigments; finally click on glazed designs, draft work, copy the screen shot picture wire or enamel paint lines, Ping Tu thick bottom color dyed or painted the first color dyeing process again filled decorative cover, after 780 ℃ -850 ℃ baked.
