Category: Chinese arts and crafts

Woodblock New Year pictures of zhuxianzhen Yangliuqing, Weifang, Shandong Province Jiangsu Taohuawu New Year and said the four Chinese New Year. New Year as a wonderful work of art unique to China, China’s ancient essence of folk art. Zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures, not only has high artistic value, but also highly ornamental value.

Zhuxianzhen in Kaifeng City, Henan Province, 10 km south, although it is a small town, next to the middle of the Qing Dynasty but Central Plains providers dock hub, commercial development and economic prosperity. Collectively referred to as China’s four famous towns and Hankou in Hubei Province town of Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province, the town of Foshan, Guangdong.
Origin Introduction

The Kaifeng zhuxianzhen, since ancient times, is China’s four major commercial port city. Recently, zhuxianzhen named “China’s most beautiful towns and villages, so we walked together into the zhuxianzhen appreciate its heavy cultural history and beautiful ancient weathering.
Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai’s masterpiece “valiant”, “Sunburn taste Zhu Hai, held a feast to persuade Hou Ying”. Warring States period warriors Zhu Hai chivalrous extraordinary, by Xinling trust. According to legend, Zhu Hai to live in a village called fairy village, it said Zhu Hai Zhu Xian, known as the hometown of Zhu Hai zhuxianzhen Town, which is the origin of a zhuxianzhen.
Tracing the historical origins of
Woodblock New Year pictures of zhuxianzhen dating back more than 800 years of history, was born in the Tang, Song Xing peak in the Ming, has a long history, has a long history, known as the originator of the Chinese woodblock New Year pictures.

Emperor Taizong life painters painted generals, Qin Qiong, Gunter portrait hanging palace gates to ward off evil spirits, to become the beginning of the goalkeeper, due to its use of a large quantity of hand-painted paintings alone is difficult to meet the demand, so folk artists woodblock engraving to mass production, which development nearly New Year customs in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, which brought summing up of former experience, promoting the sandwich world, the end of many years of turmoil, for the edification of his subjects, established artists from life the Art Gallery Daizhao painted engraved picture, posted on the marketplace restaurant thus creating the height of the situation of the woodblock New Year pictures, the Song Doudong Beijing is the political, economic, and cultural center, around a large number of businessmen flock to the capital. Artists around the painters gathered with this, Bao Jian Song “Mapping” CLASSICS to life Art Academy Daizhao Gao Keming, in’s Engraving “toward the training Kam map awarded with the royal clan and ministers,
On some good will effect a lot of the public sectors to promote the development of secular literature and art; provides a rich soil of active secular literary and gave creative New Year. Coupled with the invention of movable type, the Song Dynasty in woodblock carving almost unemployed, this woodblock workers are to find a way out, the heavily involved Diaoyin woodblock New Year pictures, woodblock New Year pictures in the Song Dynasty industry toward prosperity.
Its production woodblock engraving version combined watermark chromatic, a wide range of the main the various God Code, Zhong Kui, goalkeeper, pommel horse figures, dolls ladies, Gods Jubilee, the original pigment used for the mine plant processed drift color sequence: Danhong, Pseudomonas, as red, the Huai yellow, Kwai purple, red, ancient paper mainly white hemp paper, hemp paper focus on color, uniform color, colorful, solemn and profound themes and content mostly drawn from the historical drama, Romance novels, fairy tales and folklore. New Year strong local flavor, strong civil Sex, has a unique local color and simplicity of ancient ethnic style, is a wonderful work of folk art and craft.

Development of this end of Song, woodblock New Year pictures to become Kaifeng, Henan zhuxianzhen, the dominant industries According to the “Tokyo Menghualu ‘records, then Tokyo Kaifeng nearly year-old festival marketplace are printed to sell goalkeeper, Zhong Kui peach version, the Spring Festival and financial door blunt donkeys, deer turning horse the day trip postings can be seen, when the printing and sale of the woodblock New Year pictures in Tokyo and the surrounding area zhuxianzhen unprecedented. Not only private workshops all over the official printing Square in the capital, and even the the Song Shi officer Ting also hosted offering New Year workshop. Integration of government-run and private workshops, the development of woodblock New Year pictures become inevitable.
End of the Northern Song Dynasty, due to Kinbyo invasion, the fall of Kyoto, the prosperity of the people and culture gradually Depression. A large number of New Year artist living on the Yangtze River, Tokyo New Year artist or Jin go into captivity, or fled to the other party, loss lazy to do now Kaifeng paintings former glory can only be seen from the literature. Intergenerational transmission of only zhuxianzhen artist art of woodblock New Year pictures. The first Ming after the reunification of domestic economic development, the development of the mid-Ming handicraft industry to promote the development of the workshop, over a thousand when the Ming zhuxianzhen famous workshop Shanxi opened the Jintai Yong firm, to recruit workers, thousands of sets of engravings , Henan Xinshengrong, firm New Year are exported to all over the country far grain recanalization of the river, zhuxianzhen the river extending in all directions, then became the commercial center of the Central Plains. Woodblock New Year pictures rapid recovery in the prosperous commercial port, trading is booming, Barghouti’s reputation. It contains, zhuxianzhen was engaged in this industry more than 300. In the late Qing Dynasty, blocked river zhuxianzhen, waterway barrier, woodblock New Year pictures and other business are becoming increasingly depressed.
Mid-Qing Dynasty zhuxianzhen has more than 40 production workshops, more than 2,000 people in the New Year production, Shandong, Anhui, Hebei, Jiangsu and other places customer after another, business is Xing Yu SHENG Rong, Jin Taiyong, rope art shops, vibration Source Wing, German source, days Ede, Wan-Tong, MassMutual, the Tiancheng Germany, large Tiancheng Tiancheng, Cao, two-in-two-in-Yong, heavens, Tin Shing, and into Tin Shui Tian Yi, Wan and, Yongsheng Xiang, Tai Seng, three justification. Civil New Year more zhuxianzhen old engraved font For example, there “Kirin has ever been” Japan’s war of aggression against the outbreak of the refuge relocation of some of the foreign firm, some firms have moved into the development of Kaifeng, lithograph rise of woodblock New Year pictures industry has been depressed, art shops and more operators incense, candles, paper guns only when the goalkeeper will zhuxianzhen into some farmers printing New Year sales before the Spring Festival, maintain strong free. Kaifeng was the New Year more than 10 workshops, mainly concentrated in the East Main Street, West Street, Zhongshan Road and bookstores Street. Famous old “Kymmene” “vibration source Wing”, “Clouds”, “Hung Kee”, “day welfare”. November 15 of each year listed customers car shipment from Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu province set out, it is truly exciting.

1953, Kaifeng City, organized folk artists established woodblock New Year pictures Productions, dissolution of the Cultural Revolution, the reform and opening up, zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures Henan zhuxianzhen, social organizations or institutions established in 1983, woodblock New Year pictures of traditional crafts excavation and finishing.
Art Features
Woodblock New Year pictures of zhuxianzhen Taohuawu the reason and of Yangliuqing of, Jiangsu, Shandong Weifang, Sichuan Mianzhu and known as the famous New Year, is determined by its unique style. New Year pictures zhuxianzhen full composition, the line thickness expansion concise, exaggerated modeling simple, fresh and bright colors. Characters big head small body, both comedy and feel well-proportioned and comfortable. Some parts of the New Year the face of the person to play more red face ornaments, and New Year of zhuxianzhen does not hit the red face, looks very natural and harmonious. Chinese traditional arts and crafts, many made of tiger or painted yellow tiger or red tiger, and New Year of zhuxianzhen is purple tiger. This does not adhere to the traditional creative approach by the attention and praise of Chinese and foreign art world. [2]

Woodblock New Year pictures of zhuxianzhen very particular about the use of color, minerals, plants as raw material, their own hand-ground pigments, pigment grind add boiling water, filtered, and the use of color printing, color is very pure, crisp and bright printed New Year, eventually becoming faded full symmetry, composition, simple lines and rough, exaggerated modeling simple, unique artistic style.
New Year zhuxianzhen attaches great importance to traditional Chinese culture, with the color concept of the five elements, the use of black, patina, Cassia yellow, red, Zhang Dan, Kwai purple in color supplemented with hematoxylin red, gold, silver, up to the total number of colors 9 to 10. Folk used to say: “Huang see purple, ugly death.” The Kaifeng zhuxianzhen New Year yellow and purple color matching, color thick, strong contrast, not only unsightly suspected, but colorful, magnificent, the joy of the New Year with civil atmosphere coordinated.
New Year zhuxianzhen can be divided into three categories, one is the gods painting, such as Zao Jun God, the god of heaven and earth, goalkeeper, zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures, most of the goalkeeper, the goalkeeper Qin Qiong, Yuchi Jingde two generals Lord. The other is the painting of folk tales, folklore, Romance novels, drama story to characterize the object composition full, no background, character emotes to show the story, pure and contagious. The third category is: auspicious paintings, dolls, ladies.

Its main features are: 1, colorful: Door God zhuxianzhen, use of color, very particular about color formula is based on the traditional techniques of the nation, using the traditional process, refining the preparation, such as pigment printing New Year pictures , colorful, long time, does not wear, showing the contrast, color and vigorous style.
2, the image the exaggeration: Door God zhuxianzhen, from the layout point of view, to express more positive hero heroic image of the screen, Creating the Heroes, an order to righteousness, loyalty, simple, exaggeration, expressing the true image of the hero; people no obsequiousness: zhuxianzhen New Year figure painting, the expression is tall image of the hero, showing a justice, pure and selfless spirit gives a sense of justice to see.
3, rough lines: the layout of the pattern, the lines carved Yin, Yang, Yang thick, bold, strong thickness contrast, ancient portraits of iron line drawing techniques, especially in the drapery and other aspects, the most prominent lines thick solid Chunhou, rather break than bend with the simplicity of the Northern Peoples unique place, thick, robust style.
4 full composition: Door God zhuxianzhen, based on the inherited traditional techniques and composition. Useful distinctive endemic art. The entire screen is full, compact, tight, concise, blank fewer places. Space plus auspicious flowers, to increase the screen’s compact, easy to plate making, screen hierarchy, beauty and strong.
Heritage significance
The zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures, not only has high artistic value, and highly ornamental value, many celebrities have the collection zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures, Lu Xun has given high marks: “zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures, carved lines coarse and health strong, different and elsewhere, is not delicate carved these woodcut is very plain, not coated with powder, the characters nor obsequiousness, the color is very strong local flavor, with the independence of the northern woodblock New Year pictures characteristics. “This is a good summary of woodblock New Year pictures of zhuxianzhen artistic characteristics.

In the twelve existing Kaifeng zhuxianzhen old: 000 with the old, the Tiancheng old, Cao old, day Ede old, the German source Heng old, old Heng Yi Xiang, Clouds old, , is now mining, sorting out the New Year one thousand two hundred and twenty more than 10 blocks of the old version, re-printed history of the old version of the New Year sets, and published the “Chinese woodblock New Year pictures the integration zhuxianzhen volume zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year collection volume, hand-printed antique line is equipped with: the woodblock year zhuxianzhen Paintings> zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year Folk Tales “woodblock New Year pictures of zhuxianzhen scroll” designated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a country gift products, Zhu cents Town woodblock New Year pictures <Four Beauties> selected session of the National Farmers’ Painting Exhibition, Kaifeng zhuxianzhen, paintings artists for the protection of traditional woodblock New Year pictures have done a lot of useful work. However, entire zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures printed very small, basically stay in the cottage-style mode. Artists to master the engraved printing zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures have been few, especially traditional ore, plant Color grinding method has been little known, if not to protect, zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures making skills is likely to be completely dead.
Development prospects
Wood paintings of zhuxianzhen rescue excavation, sorting, it is imperative:
Several years ago, in Kaifeng, vice chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the Chinese Folk Literature and Art Association Chairman Feng Jicai held onto a the exquisite pieces zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures issue “does not step up mining, protection, development, the originator of this New Year is also the danger of extinction “sigh.
Today, through the efforts of all levels of government, zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures have been included in China’s cultural heritage list. Kaifeng engaged artists of woodblock New Year pictures are less and less, still in loss of precious engraving, particularly acute in the Chinese Folk Artists Association named “hometown of Chinese woodblock New Year pictures” zhuxianzhen know how to sculpture, plate The artists have been depleted.
Renhe Lin, vice chairman of the City Folk Artists Association, referring to the pictures, can not help but sigh: “if not timely rescue, excavation, sorting, what about the development of the industry, so what is the innovation and development?”
Of Guo Tai Win: Looking back at once brilliant

Zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures
Zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures (19)
Yun Guo too old people say, the Northern Song Dynasty, the leap in economic development, highly developed technology, woodblock printing industry extremely prosperous. Since the goalkeeper painting steering engraved printing. “The Tokyo Menghualu” such records: “nearly year-old festival marketplace are printed to sell goalkeeper, Zhong Kui, peach version of the Spring Festival and financial door blunt donkey, deer turning horse, Sky Posts.” A “is” word written to make the Tokyo woodblock New Year pictures printing, sale unprecedented. According to historical records, the New Year workshops throughout the capital, and even the the Song Shi court also do workshops. Government and the people competing to do the development and prosperity of woodblock New Year pictures. Developed Ming Dynasty zhuxianzhen Swimming, Kaifeng woodblock New Year pictures printed center be transferred to zhuxianzhen. Ming and Qing Dynasties, zhuxianzhen water and land transportation is developed, merchants, business is booming. Literature: Qing Sheng in the New Year industry nearly 300 more than the late Qing Dynasty still exist more than 70, was written in the early Republican “Yue Fei zhuxianzhen,” it reads: “(woodblock New Year pictures) is the town’s most famous specialty, old Sheng, industry by more than 300 products are sold well in the adjacent provinces, a great exclusive market trend. “the Yellow River near the Pan, zhuxianzhen, the gradual loss of water transport advantages, the town during the war” natural “and its branches have gradually moved to Kaifeng and Zhenyuan Wing, Yasumori source, cloud mind Yuen Cheong more than 60 art shops scattered in the city’s West Street, in the mountain and bookstores Street area, lifting the New Year again printed selling climax. New Year old artist Guo Tai Wan said: “Every year, the Lunar New Year in February production, to Lunar November 15, the customer car shipment set out from Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu and throughout the province, it is truly exciting.”
Renhe Lin: industrialization article essay
City Folk Literature and Art Association, vice chairman of Renhe Lin Chiai New Year Art Research, more than 20 years has been committed to the New Year Survey Research and New Year industrialization explore. In recent years has campaigned for the New Year industrialization development. He told reporters that New Year industrialization of the essay, it is urgent to proceed from the following aspects:
New Year industrialization must first rise to by the height of the government authorities, the establishment of specialized organizations and institutions, to explore the zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures, improvement and development, partial, fragmented, spontaneous state change for the full , standardized and orderly track. Renhe Lin said in earnest, zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures is a valuable cultural heritage of the Chinese nation to stay. These valuable heritage are shared by the whole nation, of course also belong to the people of Kaifeng, belong to the zhuxianzhen people. Kaifeng New Year experts and zhuxianzhen the artist should have opened great culture, the concept of the New Year, stop unnecessary controversy, bury the hatchet, work together, learn from each other, improve the quality of New Year, the industrialization article of the New Year well.
Second, as soon as possible to fund some of the rescue funds to the scattered folk and in the field of historical engraving found, even if it is copied back to the old artists the opportunity to teach the craft down. Renhe Lin said, many of the New Year are solitary, such as Lu Xun’s lifetime collection of New Year. He said: “Over the years, I have sorted out 300 kinds of New Year, as soon as possible, these solitary paintings carved on the picture printed out, and then research, printing, issue.” Renhe Lin particular emphasis on aging veteran artists, certain to find a way to let their skills passed down. He said: “can do some training courses, training some of the young people who love the paintings art, the baton pass down the centuries paintings art.”
Third, the Chinese woodblock New Year pictures originated in Kaifeng, its historical position is self-evident, Kaifeng as soon as possible to build the New Year Art Museum. Renhe Lin told reporters, Yangliuqing wuqiang, Weifang, Yangjiabu, Mianzhu, Taohuawu has a special New Year Art Museum, but in “the hometown of Chinese woodblock New Year pictures and birthplace, now was not designed to display the paintings art museum it a shame, what a pity.
Fourth, the New Year in order to truly achieve industrialization, careful protection of the premise, innovation is essential. Zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year theme, techniques have to advance with the times, should be promoted scientific innovation. Goalkeeper painted by hand-painted woodblock rubbing itself is an innovative product. New Year zhuxianzhen also innovation while inheriting the tradition, only innovation can develop. In the interview, the reporter learned that the New Year grass-roots it in a variety of artistic interpretation of the last century “public” as an excuse to become a darling. But in the 1920s and 1930s, Yangliuqing, Taohuawu, and other places have begun to market segmentation, the traditional New Year off rural areas, innovative New Year off towns. In Tianjin, Shanghai, the New Year “variant” pray for the good folk myths image with commercial meaning of fashion beauty image replaced, or the same with the blessing, pray for the United States, Keyfull meaning of fashion beauty has become a public new idol. The theme of these fashion beauty city New Year popular city. Advertising New Year, the Calendar Year paintings became popular. The public theme emerged in the New Year, New Year fashion beauty, advertising bundled, picture composition and symbol system changes, these new New Year to keep up with the times, full of new vigor and vitality. Renhe Lin said at last: now the province is no longer professional publishing, the Spring Festival New Year market has been occupied by the provinces publications. According to incomplete statistics, in 1996, Henan, there are 100 million door, an essential for a painting. And now more than 10 years, Henan probably well over 100 million door. Door 2 dollars, 3 million to 5 million, Henan New Year Publishing considerable benefits. This should not be pessimistic about the development of promising New Year. Can learn from this experience, zhuxianzhen woodblock New Year pictures industrialization.
There is a market there tomorrow
Marketing Alvin Toffler said it best: “there is a market there tomorrow.” An in-depth rural folk songs writer once wrote: “there is no lack of spiritual nourishment New Year, New Year festive farmers feel posted on Heart of the New Year, it is not the New Year. “In fact, members of the public, so, too, do not put New Year scrolls can count the New Year? New Year paintings, become a social problem. It can be said, has a vast market in China, the New Year. Inexhaustible demand of the masses of the people, the New Year is not going to disappear, then the industrialization of New Year there will be a brighter tomorrow.

Yixing, Jiangsu Province, a long history of pottery, sophisticated products, is the famous pottery. According to legend, the founder of the Yixing pottery industry is more than 2400 years ago, the Spring and Autumn Period more doctor Fan Li, he help Goujian to perish Wu Gou is only fair-weather Zhuer, so with his family came to the Jiangsu Yixing Ding the mountain seclusion down, and here began Ceramics, the pottery industry flourished, therefore, Fan Li potters dedicated to the founder of the pottery industry, known as the “Tao Zhu. According to archaeological discoveries, some 5000 years ago in the Neolithic Age, the ancestors of the Yixing region has been the invention of pottery. They have produced a geometric stamped hard pottery and primitive celadon system Taozhuan Cheng steady stream until the fine Yixing pottery.

Teapot Yixing Pottery “the most famous boutique, it is unrivaled in the world, renowned in the world. This is entirely due to the Yixing purple clay resources. History contains: from tomorrow and until the early Qing Dynasty, where the the Yixing system, Taigu hard and firm, color Run light. This mud deep in the lithosphere, is a natural colored clay, can be described as Yixing specialty. The argillaceous has good plasticity, without adding with other chemical raw materials, good ventilation, without glazing that is flat and smooth, coupled with the appearance of dignified, calm color, texture, and particles of the United States and many other advantages, in fact, the production of the finest teapot material. Qing Dynasty poet Wang Wenbo praise purple clay: “Human bead Yasutari the take, not at Yangxian a pill soil.”

Purple clay pottery in the ingenuity of the hands of the artist, it is changing the mix, all kinds of wonderful teapot, teapot surface, also has mountains, water, birds, insects, characters, calligraphy, illustrated, described as wonderful workmanship. Compact design teapot not only has a strong practical, but also have high artistic pot poetry, painting, have fun, and even the soul. From the two mud to a pot, in the process, completely independently produced by individuals. How system what kind of pot, the so-called common pot see, for example, to the wise of heart potter, a pot is one of the world. The ancient tea drinkers teapot regarded as the first of the world tea, Jane with arch Bi, the bead.

Speaking of the Teapot best, I must also mention popular for the spring the maker and Drymaria toad pot. According to legend, created by the famous Ming Dynasty teapot artists for the spring. Born poor for spring, talented, hard working hands and feet in worship the pottery master old monk as a teacher not the case, do everything possible to study carefully. His old monk made the size of the pot like silent plotted figure, his side DIY, groping experience. Finally made: the expensive, resembles the peach QiuZhi the knots, old Emotion; spout and pot has sprig configuration, naturalness; expensive, both sides of the heap to the Peach Blossom in full bloom and slender peach leaf, vivid, several may be spurious; matched Yixing primary colors for spring maker of elegant simplicity, creating a new style of purple craft. Someone exclaim: “for a spring small pot, used for decades, value Jin Wat.” For the spring pot “historical records to become the first batch of teapot rarity for spring is the first one found records Teapot famous artists.

Manchu paper-cut is attached to the Manchu folk specific cultural background and living environment, in the art of art has its own specific language and style, which is a bearer of the Changbai Mountain area bright and thick culture folk art, reflect the Manchu customs, perspective Manchu cultural treasures.

Manchu paper-cut about originated in the Ming Dynasty, so far, more than 300 years of history.

Manchu paper-cut is the earliest known shear Mother child, “Mammy child” is the Chinese lady. Manchu folk culture, showing the worship of the Mother of God, Manchu legend, there are many things in charge of the Mother of God, the competent family line the European wooden Lou Momo God, competent Nanhunnvjia of Sake Sa Mother God, executives into the direction of the mountain hunting Tiger Mother God … Manchu folk paper-cut is a cut look different Mother children, and gradually formed a unique style of simple, rough and vigorous. Mother child become a masterpiece of the Manchu paper-cut. Manchu animal gods to worship, dogs, turtles, magpie, deer, eagles and other paper-cut is also a lot to see, and often as a mascot on the wall.

Manchu paper-cut of this folk art as an important part of the traditional culture of the Manchu generations pass on, and are closely linked with the life of the Manchu people, the paper cutting more and more colorful. The ingenuity of the Manchu folk artists to see, hear, favorite characters, scenery and so cut works, decorated with a happy life.

Paper-cut from the content can be divided into auspicious paper-cut, flowers, birds, fish and insects, paper cutting, landscapes and paper cutting class; from the form of expression can be divided into monochrome paper-cut, dyed paper cutting, coloring paper cutting and other varieties; grilles can be divided into specific uses, ritual ancestral hanging sign (hanging sign), seasonal paper-cut.

Is particularly worth mentioning is that the Manchu people are romantic, Manchu paper-cut also created a lot of fairy tale style, such as “Ginseng girl”, “White Mountain Hunting”, “sister Disguise” …… these paper-cut every story reflects Manchu simple and kind-hearted, upright and pure moral outlook.

After hundreds of years of development, now, Manchu folk paper-cut has become a folk art has a certain influence at home and abroad.

Fengning paper-cut produced in the Qing Emperor Kangxi (1662-1722), in the 18th century, has formed his own faction and style, it is mainly to Manchu grilles, fireworks, seasonal special paper-cut form, reflects the local Manchu customs, a wonderful work of art is included into the “Art Works”, has exhibited in more than a dozen cities across the country, some excellent work has also been the National Gallery collection, date December 1993 fengning therefore the Ministry of Culture named as folk art of the Township.

Tonghua County in the mid-17th century Manchu paper-cut, birch bark, leather, popcorn nest, and the windows of paper materials mainly reflect the totem worship, witchcraft ritual, Fishing and Hunting labor culture of origin as the subject. Changbai Mountain area of ​​unique historical and geographical factors, the smaller impact of foreign culture, the Manchu folk paper-cut to the original preserved, standing in the Chinese folk art of the forest with its unique style and infinite charm. Tonghua Teachers College Research Center of Manchu folk art scientific research, “the Changbai Mountain Manchu paper-cut selected state-level intangible cultural heritage in 2008. Paper cutting and other provinces and cities in November 2009 and included in the national list of projects together, “the Chinese paper cutting approved by the UNESCO, selected the” intangible cultural heritage list.

Recently, the Chinese folk cultural heritage rescue key projects implemented by the organization of the Chinese Folk Literature and Art Association – Outstanding heritage survey of Chinese folk culture, identification and naming of work, off cloud nine Seniors was officially recognized as “China Folk Culture outstanding heritage. ” From the “Water Margin” 108 to the unique shape of the Statue of shaman map, GUAN Yun Tak own a pair of big rough hands continuation of the ancestral art of these exquisite paper-cut Manchu culture and Shaman culture vividly presents to the world .

Bonan men’s clothing indispensable accessories – Security broadsword is not only The Bonan proud of handicrafts, is Bonan traditional material folk culture in essence. It the Xinjiang Uygur Yengisar knife the Achang Yunnan Husa knife tied for the three major Chinese minority Mito. In 2006, the Baoan broadsword forged art was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage. Security broadsword with its bold straight blade, simple and plain appearance, durable features, deeply loved the people of the Northwest Territories, also gained quite a reputation in the Arab countries.

Has been the iron industry in the economic life of the Bonan people occupy a very important position, the Bonan baby – Security broadsword, is in the hands of the workshop in the security smelting fight the system. Its manufacturing about 100 years of history can be traced back to the Yuan Dynasty, Bonan ancestors can create a name of “black rifle knife the wooden leather sheath knife, is mainly used for military defense and the slaughter of cattle and sheep .

Genghis Khan is said to unify the tribes, weapons prevailed, frequent fighting between tribes at the time, all their weapons or high hardness and break easily, or can not afford to slash low hardness. Only Genghis Khan tribal knife hardness with softness, ride in battle. Casting weapons Genghis Khan, is the ancestor of the Bonan, when they or a small family, ancient blacksmith living, enabled by Genghis Khan, they began making knives because of its special production process, tempered, Genghis Khan to fight the system superior knife Since then, security broadsword to spread.

Today, security is one of a workshop, on the basis of inherited superb, and will continue to carry forward the knife skills. Selection of high quality steel, using the traditional method of fine iron plus steel cutter body repeatedly forged shank layers made of polished brass or copper, iron, silver pieces, although no ornate decoration, but but unique national characteristics. Security artisans in their own wisdom and understanding, the type of broadsword from the original “black bore knife” wave Diurnal and seasonal development of dozens of varieties to ten like Kam today, full of the Ga angle. In security broadsword series, the most famous wave Diurnal and seasonal “, the most beautiful is like 10 Kam. These security broadsword blade engraved with seven stars, five plum, one-stop, in charge of the same fine pattern, the pattern is not only to fight the system security broadsword craftsmen Code, and some pattern even or the Bonan blacksmith in the witness of the tragedy of the old society, with a commemorative significance.

Bonan economic life has undergone tremendous changes, the the broadsword military purposes slowly fade, gift, collectibles and used as a token expression of love between men and women have become the main mission of the broadsword. Bonan Islam, folk culture still retains a lot of its own characteristics, such as: a festive festive activities, Bonan men should Peigua security broadsword, and they continue to believe that the family chipped broadsword slaughter livestock can reduce the suffering of livestock.

Tang Dynasty is the working people in the Tang Dynasty in China created a strong ethnic and local characteristics crafts. It is developed by the Sui Dynasty monochrome colorful glazed pottery products, it tires with white clay, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese and other metal elements mineral colorants, the preparation of low-temperature glaze, applied to the body The surface temperature of about 800 ° C, once firing. You can also burn the prime tire, Zaishi color glaze, the second firing. Its glaze green, blue, yellow, white, ocher, brown and other, generally yellow, green, ocher, and because it is beginning to burn in Tang Dynasty Luozhou the Heluo Strip, it said Luoyang Tang Dynasty, dating has There are 1,300 years of history. It draws on the characteristics of the traditional Chinese painting, sculpture and other arts and crafts, use of heap stickers, portrayed in the form of decorative patterns, rough and strong lines.

Tang Dynasty charm is first expressed in its wonderful and unique color effects, due to the lead glaze liquidity, in the process of firing glazed spread to the surrounding flowing, the glaze infiltration blend with each other, forming a natural mottled brilliant colors display a grand and splendid artistic charm. Look at the full charm of the Tang Dynasty horse, red as a warm, emerald green is so brilliant, Mazumdar white as snow, revealing a black light.

Tang Dynasty features is that it is a mix of plastic arts. The Tang Dynasty is generally divided into objects and figurines two categories. Tang Dynasty artifacts rounded body, plump, plump with the art of the Tang Dynasty, fitness, wide Shuo is in agreement, which includes a spoon, cups, plates, pots, bottles, furnace, Vessels, ox cart, carriage. Figurines including character figurines and animal figurines two. Character figurines including civilian, warrior, barbarian, lady, maid, the men female officer, attendants, honor guard, Kabuki, the kings of households grave (Lux). Animal figurines including Tomb monster, camels, horses, cattle, donkeys, lions, tigers, sheep, dogs, rabbits, chickens, ducks. Tang Dynasty characters and animals, the proportion of moderate, natural shape, smooth lines and lively. Youyi camels, horses and people shape the most vivid.

Tang San Cai Horse

The shape of the Tang Dynasty horse, realistic shape. From Gunma look to see: foraging Changsi, or bolted, or stand, or walk, or look back to lick hair, or bow news show. A variety of circumstances in vivid. Three-color horse shape is characterized by the body tall, thin-nosed wrist, vigorous, powerful, vivid bright-eyed. Luoyang, Henan Province unearthed a dark blue background color pommel horse, over the body dark blue, set off patches of leukoplakia, dark brown saddle bridle ornaments, coupled with the green impaired mud, hooves standing, fierce-looking eyes wide open, mouth slightly open To cries of non-cries, to even vigorous prestige, reflecting the skill of the Tang Dynasty sculpture artists.
Tang San Cai camel

Tang Dynasty camel’s alone in that bone-shaped: it thick and long neck, sturdy body, wide mouth and eye, strong Shuo powerful heavy hooves support body. Body movement of the key parts of the neck. When the it eagerly sky and blew the its bimodal either side of subtle fibrillation, Shen defended the panoramic view of the character, and exciting. In the Tang Umori General tomb unearthed a camel figurines contained music. Camels head standing, whole body brown, from the top of the head to the neck, chin to the belly and the upper part of the two front legs drooping long-haired, soft Korea beautiful. The hump was added to our platform and covered with blankets. Platform on the left and right sit Hu Music figurines two, and sitting back to back, wind and percussion instruments, a central figurines standing, dancing. Three music figurines all deeply set eyes high nose, chin whiskers, wearing a green long coat lapel, white felt boots, the only previous wear yellow through-shoulder coat. This the tall camel upload music and dance figurines exquisite, amazing!
Tang San Cai figurines

Tang Dynasty figurines are vivid, elegant and chic. You see, the literati figurines, tall and handsome, gorgeous costumes, sloping collar, she was quiet and calm, leisurely; warriors, strong body, and the belly bulge, a suit of armor, wild-eyed, rattling, powerful and aggressive, ladies; figurines lush body, buns wide sleeves, slim, relaxed elegance very plump. Care tomb kings Helmet wearing Heguanzi, Lu Dian mouth beads, wings tail lift tail with red color, winged golden color; shirt wearing a helmet, knee pads like the head; hand rested primary Juquan, two feet on a goblin, ghost for struggling like you want to play. These images have a distinct personality, reached Vivid realm of art.

Tang Dynasty art well-made, ornate, while maintaining a realistic approach since the Qin and Han dynasties, but also the taste and color of the Tang Dynasty era of romanticism, the creation of the unique style of the Tang Dynasty pottery art, known as the “Oriental Art Sea Pearl.

Tianjin clay Zhang Caisu is a very common people like Chinese folk handicraft art, it makes the painted clay figurine shine, a flower of Chinese folk handicraft. “Clay figurine Zhang”, is given to Zhang generations of painted sculpture masters title of honor.

“Pioneer of clay figurine Zhang”, to Zhang Mingshan, he followed his father Zhang Wanquan fired ceramics, do some small animal. Later, he was not burned clay animal test on the application of color, because the effect is good, began the practice of painted sculpture. At the age of 18, he holds the family and bold innovation, to knead lifelike portrait and create a great sensation. He has been in the family runs a clay sculpture workshop plastic Gu zhai. He is highly skilled, simply and people sitting opposite, stroke soil in hand, quietly, instant and. Face diameter inch, not only vivid and true to life likeness, bishop, a popular dynamic. Legend, Zhang Mingshan often up your sleeve with mud to the theatre, while watching the side in a roomy sleeves knead head, a did not end, will make each role, vivid, distinctive. He was good at plastic portrait, gave many celebrities like plastic. Now the Museum of art on display inside the Mei Lanfang like Mr. Mei performance reproduction Daiyu art, see this piece of art, would like to see Mr. Mei dancing dancing. Foreigners “in Tianjin to weight value to buy, the museum, for people to watch. ”

After Zhang Mingshan, Tianjin clay Zhang Caisu art through his son Zhang Yuting (1863 ~ 1954), his grandson Zhang Jinghu (1891 ~ 1967), great-grandson of Zhang Ming’s several generation of accumulated more perfect. It is based on the absorption of the ancient mud figurines, pottery and painted sculpture art and religion in the clay Zhang Yuan, also absorbs the modern sculpture techniques, and to the bishop shape, simple and bright colors, strong decorative taste, rich flavor of life art characteristics, become the modern folk developed from the famous arts and crafts school, for hundreds of years of continuous, enduring. Xu Beihong famous painter of China praised the clay figurine Zhang characters “no special features of zygomatic hand foot mouth vivid, vivid and muscle are consistent”.

Clay figurine Zhang second generation descendant of Zhang Yuting, tend to the road of realism creation, enrich the performance skills, expanded the work scope of subject matter. The creation of Zhang Yuting’s “three hundred and sixty elements”, to observe the life of fine detail, the work of the ingenious, make Xu Beihong see. Later Xu Beihong Wen praised the “sell cake” and other works is a masterpiece of realism, they have the world first-class level of art, and then to the world’s most famous sculpture master comparable. In 1915, Zhang Yuting’s works won prizes in the Panama exposition, known as the “rise above the common herd” for.

Clay figurine Zhang third generation descendant of the creation of Zhang Jinghu’s “east wind”, by a group of old people play scene, to reflect the socialist era spirit, vivid images. Clay figurine Zhang fourth generation descendant of Zhang Ming, the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, the disaster scene, created a “double day”. We hit an old worker to airdrop food and drug at the time of excitement, this piece was selected in 1977 national art exhibition. Zhang Ming has engaged in the creation, on the one hand to teach their skills to young people. In recent years, the old artist has trained hundreds of Niren Zhang clay workers, the clay figurine Zhang clay sculpture art into a social art from the exclusive art creation, expanding the ranks.

Clay figurine Zhang generation has new development, clay figurine Zhang works at home and abroad, in 2006 May the Ministry of culture of clay Zhang Caisu was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage.

Jiangxi Jingdezhen porcelain is an outstanding representative of China’s porcelain craft by celadon period “into the” period of ceramics. It is known for its fine porcelain, elegant, variety, unique style. After the Song Dynasty, after the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jingdezhen gradually developed into the center of China’s porcelain manufacture. Jingdezhen porcelain ceramic “white as jade, bright as a mirror, as thin as paper, sound like a melody, become an important asset in the treasure house of Chinese culture. Our late writer and poet Guo had the verse “the country of China No. porcelain, Porcelain peak this.” Today, Jingdezhen porcelain porcelain carving exquisite range of technology, both as a high-grade ceramic tableware, but also as an art handed down curios. Artistic expression or solemn, deep, fresh and elegant, or magnificent, worthy of a charming Jingdezhen porcelain museum.

Jingdezhen porcelain, household names, including women and children. Which blue and white, exquisite, pastels, color glaze, collectively known as the “four traditional porcelains of Jingdezhen, eggshell porcelain that magical treasures, porcelain sculpture of China’s traditional arts and crafts.

Blue and white porcelain

Blue and white porcelain is the highest of the four traditional porcelains, which began in the Song Da Sheng mature in the Ming and Qing dynasties, known as the “human treasures”. The blue and white is a underglaze porcelain, cobalt oxide blue and white porcelain patterns, depicted in the mold and applied a layer of colorless transparent glaze once firing into the kiln at high temperature. Its crystal glaze, thorough, pattern matched the blue and white, the picture is clean and simple and elegant, crisp style, with the effect of traditional Chinese ink painting, constitutes a white glaze blue and white in a town, flower glaze seeped distinct characteristics, making other porcelain can not The unbeatable. A lot of blue and white porcelain treasures are still being detained collection in the Museum of Britain, the United States and other countries. Durable blue and white porcelain, porcelain is not broken, the color does not fade, is internationally hailed as the “porcelain country, Pearl.

Exquisite blue and white porcelain

Exquisite blue and white porcelain, also known as “rice”, is in the the Ming Yongle hollow process based on the creation and development of more than 500 years of history, Jingdezhen original traditional products. Artists with a blade through flower carved on thin mold and rice-shaped hole, also known as the exquisite eye, and then fill in the exquisite glaze, filling the pass-dong, baked into the kiln. Thus, in the same piece of porcelain, blue and white and exquisite cleverly blend together a green transparent Delicate and elegant, green blue and white set off each other, each other. The formation of exquisitely carved, quiet pretty elegant unique style, foreigners called it “embedded glass porcelain. Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, the imperial kiln specialized generic exquisite porcelain and other valuable porcelain, exquisite porcelain more refined.

Painted Porcelain

Painted Porcelain is the strongest performance of the four traditional porcelains decorated, it is developed on the basis of multicolored glaze color. That is mixed with lead powder pigment painting in prime vitreous enamel firing, and then at a temperature of 2,400 degrees Celsius baking together, showing different shades of color, shades of coordination, both full of the charm of Chinese painting, There is a sense of relief. This porcelain color effect gives to moist pink beauty, hence the name pastels. Because it has a soft, elegant artistic appeal, so called soft color. Fen Caici fired in the late Qing Dynasty Emperor Kangxi, Yongzheng period to be developed, perfected the Qianlong period. Pastel take more Chinese painting color meticulous of work with writing and no bone freehand techniques, the screen filled with strong ethnic characteristics. Chinese historical stories and myths main character, a beautiful and colorful landscape, the lifelike bird feathers, neat symmetrical geometric patterns, very high artistic value, a model of oriental art.

Color glaze porcelain

Color glaze porcelain colorful, four porcelains is the most compelling, known as the “man-made stones. The manufacture of color glaze, plus some kind of metal oxide in the glaze and natural ore, after the roasting, the formation of colorful decorative effect. The people said, “What is the color, you can burn out what color porcelain nature.” That is true, Jingdezhen firing color glazed porcelain, glaze wished gorgeous, gentle and unassuming green glazed, glaze colorful, crystalline glaze is ever-changing, and some, like the starry, some like ten thousand rays, some like joy, and some, like the flowers are blooming, the magical art effect is good praise and bow. Ming Dynasty on the basis of Jun red, pottery making people create a better quality high-temperature copper red glaze – offering red. This glaze Johnson but not brilliant red, slightly purple, deep color stability, the ancient royal ceremonial vessels this glaze, later known as the “Festival red”. The world color glazed porcelain crown, offering red crown a dazzling jewelry, thousands of kilns Bao said. The color glaze yellow, Ji yellow, peacock blue and other varieties, the for Chinese porcelain Court win to a riot of color, the state made a very Yan prosperity.

Today, Jingdezhen new from craftsmen continue to learn from the advantages of the sister art to enrich the development of the art of their favorite, so that the porcelain skills are becoming more and more sophisticated, and finally to consummate, superb situation. To the essence and beauty of porcelain, everyone out of Jingdezhen. “