Cloud Gongs , appeared in the Tang Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty began very popular , is the body percussion instruments Ming Han, Tibetan, Mongolian , Manchu, Naxi , Bai , Yi and other family use. The ancient name of cloud frog , also known as cloud ao , also known as the nine civil tone gong . Tibetans said Ding Dong , Ding Dang . Gong class is able to play the instrument in tune instruments. Commonly used in folk music , local opera and temple music. Popular in Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, Tibet and Han vast region.
Introduction to Musical Instruments
Tang and Song dynasties poems have been described gongs of playing . Song Su Hanchen painted ” Peddlers map” , Shanxi Yuan Dynasty Yongle Palace murals and decorative painting in San Qingdian between brackets are painted gongs ( ” Chinese music history illustrated book ” IV-69, IV-70). Ages ten to twelve small gong gongs are surrounded by . Early gongs used for Taoist life , and subsequently spread in the community .
2 historical records
Our early ancestors will pitch up different small gong choreography for music practice. Song dynasty painter Su Hanchen ‘s ” Shining map” , a body linked to the number of pieces of musical instruments Peddlers , which has a ten faces gongs , gongs already seen early in the spread and use of the Song Dynasty . 600 years ago in the Yuan Dynasty, gongs not only a popular and used in court pleasures , then known as cloud pier , “Yuan Shi ritual ” ” pleasures of the device ” in: “Cloud pier , made of copper , small gong thirteen, the same wooden frame, under a long handle , left hand , right hand to the small of the hammer blow . ” this is the earliest record found in the literature . Yuan also gongs for religious music , such as in decorative painting mountains Xirui Yongle Yongle Palace Yuan County town mural ” Playing Music ” and in between San Qingdian brackets are playing gongs painted images , palace mural reflects the Taoist life , that early Taoist music has been used gongs . Yuan ‘s history books and murals seems to have ten, thirteen and fourteen tone gongs . The early Qing Dynasty , gongs had grown to twenty- four syllables , ” Pleasure boats ” describes the area has been popular in Fujian fourteen tone gongs . According to the ” History of Qing Dynasty ” set, gongs at the Qing court music has been widely used in the imperial ceremonial music, Danbi great music, and in clear music, guided music, song and Nao Nao Qing music songs , songs of praise , celebrate the joy of God , gives a dinner music and so on. Qing Dynasty had ” gongs spectrum” handed down by the famous Beijing Opera artist Mei Lanfang collection, Mei used gongs in the ” too true outsiders” in a play . After the ” gongs spectrum” Mei donated by the Friends Sung . The ” spectrum” detailed description of gongs each side gongs temperament and size specifications .
“Yuan Shi ritual ,” reads: “Cloud ao system with copper as a small gong thirteen, the same wooden frame, under a long handle , left hand and right hand of a small hammer blow .” But officer yuan Shanxi Paradise mural seems , Yuan per aircraft used by small gong gongs , is not limited to thirteen , also useful for ten , and fourteen of . Since the Ming and Qing dynasties , long a prevalent gongs , all paid by the ten small gong components. But occasionally there are exceptions , such as the early Qing Dynasty had been wholly paid by twenty-four of gongs , later they had had to pay the full fourteen of gongs in Fujian . ” History of Qing Dynasty ” recorded music for the imperial ceremonial gongs , the first silkworm worship music, Danbi great music, the music and clear , guide music, Song Qing Nao songs and scratch music, songs of praise , celebrate the joy of God , Ciyan music, Mongolian music, the joy of the Panchen Lama (called Cang Qing ) .
Historical development
Traditional gongs and more from ten small gong surface composition . Gong surface without umbilical edge is perpendicular to the fixed along the gong gong , the gong side drilled holes, tied with a rope on a special wooden frame filled with wood , because the top side of the small gong ( name ” Engineering gong ” ) is not commonly used , so people called ” nine tone gong .” Small gong of the same size , surface diameter is 8 cm, thickness because there is not , it can emit a different sound level . Clear and bright tone , range , respectively g1-d3, a1-d3, there is more than one octave. With ten small gong lines on the gallows , the shelf is divided into three sectors , each about two fan is divided into three cells, intermediate一扇four-frame , three fans are inserted in a wooden handle , as a whole, frame height of about 52 cm . Phonemes gongs arranged by different regions, and the use of musical genres and different occasions . Playing in two forms , one is left holding the wooden handle or the handle against the table, with a single whip hand percussion ( bamboo made the horns made head ) , spend less this playing method , the other is Remove the wooden handle, the upper end of the three- wood frame booster fan , oblique placed on the desktop, hands holding whip percussion. In the ” Sunan percussion “, ” Juban percussion ” and instrumental ensemble , playing gongs and more backbone tone melody , there is a strong color sex . ” Xi’an Drum ” is using two gongs were mounted on a special pedestal , stand face to face on a certain point of view on a table by a person executive Chui percussion , gongs become a unique double play . Since the 1960s, the developer of musicians and musical instruments continue to reform the traditional gongs . In 1963, the avant-garde troupe Zhao -line troops in Jinan , Shandong zhoucun Lu Dong Qichang as cooperation in civil nine gongs sound basis, with reference to the form of Qufu Confucius Temple bells , gongs first made twenty-nine tone , range g-f3. Beijing Folk Instruments made thirty-six sound gongs , range # c-c3. Shenyang Military Backstage Tiande Zhong Lu Dong musical instrument and , in cooperation twenty-nine gongs sound basis , a system of thirty octave gongs , range c1-c4. In addition , there are 25, 26 and thirty Qiyin gongs .
Instrument Features
Cloud Gongs are diacritical metal body percussion class musical family in Naruto , sound clear, mellow , sweet, lingering long-lasting , but the volume is not. Preparation of small ethnic band is not fixed , but is more commonly used in large-scale national orchestra . Its role as Western bands triangle , the volume is small but significant role embellishment .
5 gongs classification
Reform gongs used copper alloy composition is different with the traditional copper ring , its sound is more pure and strong. Use when you play hard and soft gongs flog each two pair , left and right by a person armed with a whip standing playing. Soft whip made of soft rubber or with a small Beijing gong Chui , pronunciation and soft, graceful ; hard whip made of horn or hard rubber , pronunciation intense , bright, often used in the treble area , playing very fast melodic brilliance . Law has played click, double click , rolling strike , tap , hit or fauna and other techniques, can play two-tone , arpeggios , armed with two hands simultaneously whip hit points , you can play the four syllables chords. Reform gongs can play the melody , but also for a variety of rhythm-based music for accompaniment , such as a solo cadenza , get strong and brilliant sound. Its four syllables chords , sound like macro bell , majestic .
Structures
Body by the gong gongs , gong gong whip frame and composition . Cloud Gongs the same size and thickness , there is a small difference between the pitch of the copper gong certain components. These small gong music order hung on the gallows , every little gong three rope hanging from the gallows by the box. The method is similar to playing gongs and Chinese gongs, with a small hammer blow outs, its common preparation is a group of ten , there are a group of large gongs fourteen and twenty groups of four .
Pitch
Composed of a small gong gongs full pay , the same size and thickness is different, there is a fixed pitch. According to the level of sound , mounted on a wooden frame, the lower handle, every little gong with three ropes tied between the number of empty wooden frame hanging . Before liberation, the gongs are often used to ” seize the day ” and ” Sit music .” In the ” pleasures “, the player left holding frame handle, right hand with a mallet , hit the side edge of the line . Under such conditions of play , in order to facilitate the sticking , not an increase in the number of gongs , typically only ten . In “Sit music “, the number could increase gong . For example , Xi’an Drum in double gongs , a pair of two gongs synthesis , frame sessile , two middle connected when playing upright on the table , like the two fan screens, with a double set of percussion.
8 phoneme range
Phonemes gongs arranged by different regions and types of music and different, range , respectively g1 ~ b2, a1 ~ d3. Beijing Zhihua Temple “Beijing Music ” positive tone used gongs phoneme alignment with Qing Dynasty, ” the law吕正义series” ( written in 1764 ) set out with ten gongs phonemes arranged match, the arrangement is a more ancient method . Beijing Zhihua Temple “Beijing Music ” with ten gongs phoneme alignment : Palace two hundred sixty-two . ” Juban Drum” phonemes used gongs more popular folk arrangement method.
Cloud Gongs clear and bright tone , range , respectively g1-d3, a1-d3, there is more than one octave. Reform gongs used copper alloy composition is different with the traditional copper ring , its sound is more pure and strong.
The use of materials
Round brass gong body , gongs convex surface , flat or slightly curved no navel , gongs different, except for the outer surface perpendicular to the gong and extend outward and parallel to appear before the gong , gong circle flat side . Drilled in the side of the plane gong gong three or four holes , worn with silk , arranged according to their phonemic gong hanging on wooden lattice frame . Traditional gongs and more from ten surfaces composed of small gongs , gong plane -11 cm diameter 9.7 cm , 1.3 cm gong -1.7 cm convex surface , gongs surface diameter 7 cm -8.5 cm, based on sound level , with ten small gong of a slightly different size and thickness . Gong wooden frame , 76 cm high , 50 cm wide , divided into three , each about two in three cells, the middle one is divided into four cells, each cell width of 13.4 cm , height 12.8 cm , three are inserted on a wooden handle , making it a whole. Chui wooden gong , handle length 33 cm, one end of the set of wooden whip head. There are also bamboo handle system , gongs whip horn system head . While playing , the use of his left hand gong stand against the wooden handle or wooden handle on the table , right hand holding a single problem, percussion , rhythm method spend less this point ; or not to hold the wooden handle , the gong rack placed on the desktop, the upper booster become a slant , or leaning on a wall , stand on the ground , his hands armed with a whip struck, this embouchure spend more .
10 regions spread
Cloud Gongs widely circulated all over the country , mainly for relatively long history of advocating music, percussion music and Buddhist , Taoist music. In Sunan percussion, Juban drums, percussion Juban , Fuzhou Juban , Hebei blowing song , Shandong advocate , Shanxi drumming .
11 tracks
Songs of ” Reservoir triumph “, ” rising sun “, ” fishing boat Victory” , ” steel torrent “, etc.
