Four HU, pulling strings, also known as four dice, four strings or violin. Mongolians call call Cavour, from the ancient Qin Xi. Song Chen Yang “music book”: “piano four Hu Xi Hu Yue also present.” Qing for the court orchestra, called violin. Qing Dynasty “Lil Lv Zhengyi after weaving”: “violin, four strings, and Ruanxian similar in fact Xi Qin and the like also.” National common use in the north an ancient stringed musical instruments. Mainly popular in Inner Mongolia region, other issues such as Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Henan and Sichuan, see also popular.
Four Hu, also known as the four-string, two folder strings. From the ancient Qin Xi. Song Chen Yang “music book”: “The Hu Yue Qin Xi also.” Qing for the court orchestra, called violin. Qing Dynasty “Lil Lv Zhengyi after weaving”: “violin, four strings, and Ruanxian similar in fact Xi Qin and the like also.” Is Jingyuntaigu, River drum, when Tianjin tone, Hubei ditty, Shaoxing Lian Whispering other rap and two units, Quju, shadow puppets accompaniment of musical instruments such as opera. Popular in Inner Mongolia, Northeast and North China provinces and districts.
Instrument originated
Hu Cavour into four strings from the erxian “Hou Le Wo Hu Wu Er,” occurred about the latest or earlier for some time in the late Ming and Qing “Lil Lv Zhengyi after weaving” as “violin.” “Qing Hui” records: 1632 (Tiancong years) May “pacification Emperor Taizong Wen Chahar, won their music, as Yan Yue, is called” The Mongolian music. “Where” Fan unit ensemble “used 15 pieces of musical instruments, there violin (four HU) Qing “Dynasty ritual schema” painted dragon head violin and modern four Hu similar, while in the “Book of General Qing”, “Western map”, the claimed four Hu “Phi Pa Er Hu few” folder and rolling between the four strings “, but also with the modern four Hu almost the same. Hu Cavour into four strings from the erxian “Hou Le Wo Hu Wu Er,” occurred in the late Ming or earlier for some time, clear “after the law Lv Zhengyi series” called “violin.” “Qing Hui” records: 1632 (Tiancong years) May “pacification Emperor Taizong Wen Chahar, by its music, claimed four Hu” Phi Pa Er Hu few, “and detailed records of the Oirat Mongol Ministry of court music in four Hu and shapes: “Phi Pa Hu Wu Er, that violin (four HU) also. Roundwood is slot, run by python, wearing four straight holes on the handle to set pegs, four strings of penetration to the small ring (ie jin), beam of the shank. Bamboo for the bow, horsetail double strings, clip and rolling between the four strings “, but also with the modern four Hu almost the same.
Four Hu was first produced in the Warring States Period of the Northern Minority East Hu, Gu name “violin.” In the Mongolian Yuan dynasty has been very popular. Qing Dynasty famous Sandanski Tianjin Mongolian historian carrot in his masterpiece, “Golden History” records: Genghis Khan died in the conquest of the Western Xia way, when Mongol horsemen escorted the hearse to return home without children Han Shan, when most military Gilo wide famous singer in Taiwan dedicated to his monarch Genghis Khan’s song sings:
You turned into eagle’s wings,
Wind go back, my wise Khan;
………
You then Hull, Chor play the beautiful song caroling,
You that vast expanse of land, many of the people,
Then there is the mountains and rivers, fertile prairie,
Where are the ah?
Songs in “Hur, Chor” refers to four Hu and dances two instruments.
Feature
Mongolia HU
Treble four HU
Ming Mongolian bow string instruments. Also known as the Mongolian small four Hu. In the folk on the basis of four Hu restructuring. Crisp sound that can be used solo, instrumental ensemble. Popular in Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other provinces. Melodious sound crisp, beautiful sounds, larger volume. Left hand playing skills portamento, vibrato, playing sound, overtones, two-tone, doubles sound, dual overtone, etc., similar to the right-hand techniques and erhu. Mainly for solo, ensemble, instrumental ensemble. Often with alto four Hu, dances, sanxian, Yatuo Karma or fire do not think of other instruments ensemble or ensemble. The more famous musicians have SunLiang treble four Hu toward Lu, Wu Yunlong, Zhaoshuang Hu, Bayan Boliden grid, green Grenoble maps and Mandula and so on. Treble four Hu traditional songs are: “octave”, “flower waist tune”, “Heying flower”, “Han Xiuying,” “English De Lema”, “agricultural En Jiya”, “A Sier,” “hurry “and so on, the arrangement of the song are:” Mongolia Octave twelve tone “,” A Sier twelve tone “,” East Mongolian folk song duet “,” joy Prairie “,” white horse “,” Wrangler youth “and “dressage hand” and so on.
Alto four HU
Ming Mongolian bow string instruments. Popular in Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other provinces of agricultural areas and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas. Shape with the bass four Hu smaller. Qintong cylindrical, with a thin brass plate welded together, tube length 16 cm, diameter 10 cm, tube before the mouth to python or leather mask for the face, tube estuary with copper hoop fastening cylinder rear exposure , mouth-site copper border. Headstock piano bar with a single piece of mahogany or ebony wood production, total length 90 cm. Headstock flat, on the home-axis, or copper sheets with four stringed strings, two beams of horsetail bamboo grass lines as bow, bow length 68 cm. Playing position, methods and techniques are the same as with the bass four Hu. Alto four Hu has two octaves, mellow and bright. Can be used for solo, ensemble, instrumental ensemble or storytellers, concerts and other rap music. Is four Hu trios and folk music ensemble in the major musical. It is often and treble four Hu trio together, and with the treble four Hu, dances, sanxian, fire and other musical instruments not think ensemble. The more famous virtuoso tenor four Hu has SunLiang toward Lu, Wu Yunlong, Zhaoshuang Hu, green Grenoble maps. Midrange and treble solos four HU HU four identical adaptation of four Hu trio music of “A Sier”, “Skiles board” and “Mongolia octave” and so on.
Bass four HU
Bass four Hu Ming Mongolian bow stringed musical instruments. HU senior and well known to treasure four Hu, widely popular in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of pastoral and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral. Pastoral bass four Hu, to facilitate the horse to carry, piano body can dismantle into several parts, namely a Qintong, two parts piano bar, pegs and bows and so on. Qintong first to use an entire timber made of hollowed cylindrical bore, barrel length 30 cm, diameter 15 cm to 20 cm, tube former Mongolian sheepskin mouth, horsehide or calf skin for the face, the back-end tube exposure . Subsequently Qintong also used hardwood round, hexagonal or eight squares. Wooden piano bar, mostly in half, length 110 cm, Zhang four casing strings, stringed or copper wire. Bows made of wood or willow rods, the two ends together to tail, bow length 85 cm. Mainly popular Zhelimumeng, Xinganmeng Zhaowuda Union and other places. Mainly for Mongolian and Mongolian rap concert good to treasure.
Agricultural and pastoral areas of the bass four Hu Qintong multi bamboo or hard wood production, cylindrical or eight square, tube length 25 cm, diameter (or diagonal) 14 cm. Hard wooden piano bar, rod length 108 cm, can be used solo, instrumental ensemble or rap and dance accompaniment. 1950s, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and other ethnic musical instrument luthier Zhang Chunhua, the reform made polyphony cylinder four Hu and Hu bass four shapes unity. Qintong was eight square, Flashlight from the inside and outside of two layers, each layer consists of eight rectangular piece hardwood slats glued together. Tube length 20 cm, diameter (diagonal) 11.5 cm. Piano bar by the upper and lower halves joined together, length 105 cm, at the interface package is 5 cm long copper. Pegs 20 cm long, Qin Ma bamboo or wood, or steel strings stringed Chang, Department of horsetail bamboo grass as bow, bow length 61 cm, bow rod central copper coated with 10 cm long, mounted animal bones or wooden bow roots knob. Can be used for solo, ensemble or rap, dance accompaniment.
Playing bass four Hu when placed in the left leg Qintong roots headstock slightly oblique left, left hand holding a harp Anxian, right hand bow to pull outs. For accompaniment, is tuned in common between five degrees: G, G, d, d, range G-g1, there are two octaves. Mainly with his left index finger, ring finger at the second joint Anxian, sometimes with the middle finger or ring finger nail under the top chord from the chord instead of according to the string, and still play the chord from the chord under the little finger usually used to play the first position of portamento and overtone, commonly used vibrato, portamento, overtone, playing techniques such as vibrato sound. Commonly played in the right-hand part of the bow, and with a bow rod to strike Qintong to enhance rhythm, melody off a warm atmosphere. When used solo or instrumental ensemble, is tuned to improve five degrees, often tuned in: d, d, a, a, range d-d2, there are two octaves. In addition to commonly used techniques, the left thumb nails plucked strings with his right hand in the bow rod to strike Qintong, often with his right thumb, index finger, middle finger flick Qintong leather chord with your left hand nail bombs, these are four unique HU playing techniques. Bass four Hu pronunciation mellow and beautiful, deep and deep timbre, the Mongolian rap music, folk instrumental ensemble, an important accompaniment bass stringed instrument.
HU Yi four
Yi four Hu Ming Yi bow string instruments. Than Han, Mongolian four HU small, sound clear and sharp. Popular in the Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Chuxiong, Yunnan Province, yongren other places.
Shape and jinghu similar Qintong is cylindrical ends of a length of more use made of transparent wool bamboo, tube length 11.5 cm, diameter 6 cm, tube former Mongolian sheepskin or python mouth for the face, the back-end tube exposure. Piano bar bamboo, Bambusa Multiplex local multi-use production, total length 60 cm. Headstock flat without decoration, the upper equidistant transverse axis. Wooden pegs, cones, shaft length 13 cm, engraved shank exterior flap straight lines. Central features a piano bar stringed jin, leather central home with wood or bamboo bridge the bridge. Zhang four stringed. Bows bow with gold bamboo rod making, greater curvature, tied at both ends of the bow with two beams horsetail hair, bow length 52 cm.
Playing, use sitting or standing, sitting playing the qin tube is placed on the left leg, stand playing the qin tube placed in the left hip, left hand holding a harp, with the index finger, middle finger, ring finger and little finger Anxian, bow to the right hand, the were placed in a bow hair, twenty-two chords and three, forty-two dip between rosin bowed strings. HU Yi four relationships tune a stringed instrument by five degrees, two strings as a group, be homonyms, is tuned c1, c1, g1, g1, range c1-c2. Tone and jinghu similar crisp and bright, the volume is large, rich plateau characteristics. Common first position play, rarely for the. Multi-purpose short bow and playing sound and other techniques. Can be used solo or accompaniment for the dance. Solo four Hu Yi people often amused. Fight song occasions four Hu when played by the side pull edge dance is a folk dance popular musical accompaniment.
Buyi four HU
Buyi four HU is Buyi and Miao Ming stringed bow instrument. Miao Hu, also known as four strings. Popular in Guizhou Province Guizhou, Southwest Guizhou Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture country.
Wu Yi four with the same shape, but the piano body is smaller. Qintong cylindrical, with hair made of bamboo or Paulownia wood hollowed out, different specifications, as played by (ie producers) different different. Before the mouth of Mongolia to python or sheepskin for the face, after exposure, Qintong set within a piano lamps, with a steel plate into a spiral, make an instrument issued by beautiful tone and a longer reverberation. Piano bar is made with hardwood, length is 35 centimeters. Some headstock carved into a leader, beheaded or birds for decoration. Located on the axis. Zhang four stringed, one and III chord as a group, two, forty-two chord as a group, five degrees is tuned c1, g1, c1, g1. Range c1-c2.
Playing, piano left hand according to the string, the right pair of hair bow tie executive Hosodake pull-outs, were caught in a bow hair, twenty-two chords and three, forty-two between strings. Use only first position, do not change the play. Sound soft, loud. Can be used solo or accompaniment. Buyi and Miao people often in festivals and slack when the pull-outs amused, but also Buyi folk songs and play musical accompaniment. [2]
Shape structure
Often used mahogany, rosewood production, Qintong mostly eight square, Mongolia to python or leather for the face, string shaft and bore no taper, the use of string tension tight hole finale to fix, some still in the piano bar, piano the barrel is decorated with mosaic patterns inlaid with mother, horsetail is based on thin bamboo bow, bow rod 10 cm long central package to copper or steel inlay, ivory, bone or wooden knob mounted roots, Zhang stringed or steel strings. There are four Hu bass, midrange and treble four four HU HU three.
Bass four Hu, also known as senior Hu and good to treasure four Hu, widely popular in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the pastoral and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral.
Famous four Hu for solo instrumentalists Summa Four Hu specifications: Qintong oval tube length 20.5 cm, tube before the mouth with a thin leather for the face mask, tube height 10.5 cm, width 12 cm cylinder. Piano bar length 100 cm, 42.5 cm jin from Qintong, Bows 50 cm long.
National Palace Museum in Beijing, Qing collection of treasured a violin, materials and shapes are more distinctive, Qintong system for the gourd, was eight square, tube length 14 cm, tube before the mouth with thin wood for the face mask, wide 11.5 cm, height 10.7 cm, thickness 0.4 cm, purl tortoiseshell, width 0.6 cm, tube inside the mouth after a border, the center of the sound hole, diameter 4.3 cm. Piano bar is a cylinder, the Department made with Bamboo, rod length 88.3 cm, top decorated beast headstock, rosewood carved with the Department, head length 9.6 cm. Piano bar portion axis, are in the right, shaft length 15.2 cm. Piano bar across the bottom and exposing Qintong outside strings for tying and tied with yellow silk ear for decoration. Central panel set the bridge. Department for the two beams horsetail bamboo grass Bows, bow rod bend large bow length 32 cm. This piano is 1616-1911, has been used in court music ensemble Fan unit.
Musical instruments
Four Hu playing fingering is also very unique in that it did not like the erhu and other stringed instruments according to the string with your fingertips, but with the second joint of the finger to play the portamento, playing sounds, plucked sounds, overtone, etc., so much more beautiful timbre, mellow, melodious, more prairie style. It is best suited for the Mongolian folk artists rap “good to treasure” and Mongolia piano book (Uli Nagel) accompaniment. Labor shepherds apart, gathered in yurts, artist pulled four Hu, tell the story in the form of rap from some of the history of the heroic epic and moving story, that rough, generous and deep sound of the piano, accompanied by a bow shot hit playing Qintong beat sound, and rap artists complement each other, fascinating.
As low bass tones four Hu, soothing, playing up too often, it has a sense of sadness, it is not suitable for the singer singing ensemble and accompaniment, thus greatly affect its expression. After the liberation, the Mongolian professionals and folk artists according to the requirements of the times, in the promotion of four Hu this ancient art of folk music, but also committed four Hu’s reforms will Qintong narrow, piano bar shortened, lengthened bow, created the treble four Hu. Improved treble four Hu, high-pitched tone, loud, crisp and bright, making four Hu’s expressive and broader range of applications and rich. It can solo accompaniment for the singer, but also for orchestra, you can also shamisen and other instruments and ensemble. Ancient four Hu rejuvenated and catch the rhythm and melody of the times, becoming the country folk music in the garden of a wonderful work.
In the long history of Mongolian culture Qianguo’erluosi, four Hu as a unique style of folk instruments, has been generations. In the old society, four Hu is folk artists to talk herders misery, exploitation and oppression thrash, longing for a better life, praise the heroic epic means.
Origin
Ancient and unique folk instrument, in addition to dances, is the most widely circulated Mongolia Hu it. However, with Uli Nagel (Mongolia four Hu ancient tribe storyteller) and other national art heritage problems, its accompaniment Mongolia Hu also issued a “vibrato.” According to some research, four Hu build on a wide range from the Mongol Empire played in court, worship and military music, from the Yuan Dynasty, popular folk. Four Hu Qintong wooden, Mongolia to python, piano bar with ebony or mahogany, Zhang four strings, bamboo bow, horsetail divided into two shares, were caught in the twelve chords and chord between thirty-four. Four Hu methods and erhu playing roughly the same, but in the art of accompaniment for the Mongolian rap, there is very different: sometimes with his left middle finger or ring finger under the nail from the chord instead of the top chord Anxian, sometimes under the bombs from the chord strings and percussion Qintong rod with a bow, and enhance the rhythm, rendering the atmosphere, there is a very distinctive national features.
After the founding of new China, Mongolian Autonomous Qianguo’erluosi thriving culture, four Hu arts has been rapid development and improvement. Which is a typical representative of the Mongolian rappers Wu Yun Po (white tone positions cloth) and four HU performer Soma. Mongolian storytellers Wu Yun po, with four Hu accompaniment, a great many popular rap stories, sing country, praises hometown and a better life, and to develop a Mongolian book successors.
Famous four HU performer Soma, devoted his life to the art of playing four Hu, create like “hurry”, “octave”, “boring work” and other characteristics of the four Hu highly prairie solo, mastering the album. People’s Music Publishing House published his finishing creation, adaptation performance of “Inner four chord solo album.” As a Chinese folk artists in 1956 to participate in the 11th “Prague Spring” International Music Festival, and return victorious. His artworks become County Folk Dance Troupe reserved boutique show, his playing skills to four Hu performer and amateurs to learn, study and master. QIANGUO four Hu played not only in the professional art has been a continuation and development of the masses amateurs also gained popularity, and in several primary and secondary schools in Mongolian teaching four HU play. It is believed that four Hu this ancient art of folk music and young, will in the garden of ethnic literature and art, gorgeous flowers bloom forever.
Heritage significance
Four Hu rich cultural heritage, rich and expressive skills self-contained, a melody, simple, is engaged in farming and animal husbandry production of the Mongolian People’s outstanding musical creation, in Mongolian history, culture, folklore, foreign culture and other areas have a high academic value.
The industry celebrities
The famous four Hu performer has SunLiang toward Lu, Wu Yunlong, Zhaoshuang Hu, Bayan Boliden grid, green Grenoble maps and other Mandula
Cultural Heritage
Country attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage, May 20, 2006, the Mongolian State Council approved four Hu music included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage.
