Manchu paper-cut

Manchu paper-cut is attached to the Manchu folk specific cultural background and living environment, in the art of art has its own specific language and style, which is a bearer of the Changbai Mountain area bright and thick culture folk art, reflect the Manchu customs, perspective Manchu cultural treasures.
Manchu paper-cut
Manchu paper-cut about originated in the Ming Dynasty, so far, more than 300 years of history.

Manchu paper-cut is the earliest known shear Mother child, “Mammy child” is the Chinese lady. Manchu folk culture, showing the worship of the Mother of God, Manchu legend, there are many things in charge of the Mother of God, the competent family line the European wooden Lou Momo God, competent Nanhunnvjia of Sake Sa Mother God, executives into the direction of the mountain hunting Tiger Mother God … Manchu folk paper-cut is a cut look different Mother children, and gradually formed a unique style of simple, rough and vigorous. Mother child become a masterpiece of the Manchu paper-cut. Manchu animal gods to worship, dogs, turtles, magpie, deer, eagles and other paper-cut is also a lot to see, and often as a mascot on the wall.

Manchu paper-cut of this folk art as an important part of the traditional culture of the Manchu generations pass on, and are closely linked with the life of the Manchu people, the paper cutting more and more colorful. The ingenuity of the Manchu folk artists to see, hear, favorite characters, scenery and so cut works, decorated with a happy life.

Paper-cut from the content can be divided into auspicious paper-cut, flowers, birds, fish and insects, paper cutting, landscapes and paper cutting class; from the form of expression can be divided into monochrome paper-cut, dyed paper cutting, coloring paper cutting and other varieties; grilles can be divided into specific uses, ritual ancestral hanging sign (hanging sign), seasonal paper-cut.

Is particularly worth mentioning is that the Manchu people are romantic, Manchu paper-cut also created a lot of fairy tale style, such as “Ginseng girl”, “White Mountain Hunting”, “sister Disguise” …… these paper-cut every story reflects Manchu simple and kind-hearted, upright and pure moral outlook.

After hundreds of years of development, now, Manchu folk paper-cut has become a folk art has a certain influence at home and abroad.

Fengning paper-cut produced in the Qing Emperor Kangxi (1662-1722), in the 18th century, has formed his own faction and style, it is mainly to Manchu grilles, fireworks, seasonal special paper-cut form, reflects the local Manchu customs, a wonderful work of art is included into the “Art Works”, has exhibited in more than a dozen cities across the country, some excellent work has also been the National Gallery collection, date December 1993 fengning therefore the Ministry of Culture named as folk art of the Township.

Tonghua County in the mid-17th century Manchu paper-cut, birch bark, leather, popcorn nest, and the windows of paper materials mainly reflect the totem worship, witchcraft ritual, Fishing and Hunting labor culture of origin as the subject. Changbai Mountain area of ​​unique historical and geographical factors, the smaller impact of foreign culture, the Manchu folk paper-cut to the original preserved, standing in the Chinese folk art of the forest with its unique style and infinite charm. Tonghua Teachers College Research Center of Manchu folk art scientific research, “the Changbai Mountain Manchu paper-cut selected state-level intangible cultural heritage in 2008. Paper cutting and other provinces and cities in November 2009 and included in the national list of projects together, “the Chinese paper cutting approved by the UNESCO, selected the” intangible cultural heritage list.

Recently, the Chinese folk cultural heritage rescue key projects implemented by the organization of the Chinese Folk Literature and Art Association – Outstanding heritage survey of Chinese folk culture, identification and naming of work, off cloud nine Seniors was officially recognized as “China Folk Culture outstanding heritage. ” From the “Water Margin” 108 to the unique shape of the Statue of shaman map, GUAN Yun Tak own a pair of big rough hands continuation of the ancestral art of these exquisite paper-cut Manchu culture and Shaman culture vividly presents to the world .

Blang clothing

Dyeing, weaving, embroidery has a long history in the Blang Blang clothing culture occupies an important position. Since the Tang and Song dynasties, the Blang textile, dyeing process level higher long will indigo dyeing, “plum” skin, “yellow” root as raw material, after a certain processing procedures were dyed red, yellow . Dyed the color of prolonged subside and great charm of nature. Blang women’s organizations “young woman faille masses on both sides of the Lancang favorite. On both sides of the Nujiang Mr. Brown civil kapok textile Donghwasa cloth by soft white famous. The past, the Blang clothing lining mostly self-organization, self-dyed homespun.
Blang clothing
Embroidery is also an essential part of Blang clothing, flowers, birds and animals, geometric shapes in the hands of the Blang women come alive, very realistic. The most unique embroidery to the number of bales Tips. ” Blang customs, the bride before marriage must be carefully embroidered a bale Tips “as a wedding pole-climbing competition prizes, who gets it, who has been auspicious.

The Blang clothing has gone through a long evolution of the development process. Clothing around the early roughly the same, there is no obvious geographical differences. The men wear flower tunic, green strip rope belt, knee Department of the black vine, wrapped in red cloth Baotou. Women wear Pied under the skirts, to advocate black, blue.

Modern Blang clothing produced some regional differences. Lincang, Simao Blang men wear the Omo black lapel jacket, beneath the mast the pants, Touchan cyan or black header, and some also wearing a bracelet, barefoot. The women Touchan ten feet long blue cloth Baotou.

Shidian County Blang women Baotou folded into a triangle, close to the forehead, the Department of colored glass beads strung together with a line, like to wear high-necked long-sleeved T-shirt Xie Jin, coat breasted Duangua, beneath Tongqun, Department apron. Jacket collar cuffs covered with red and green printed cloth embroidered with colored pattern side the Duangua lapel buttons trimmed with silver or nickel currency. Leg wrapped around the leg cloth, wearing silver rings and silver bracelet, teeth dyed black, red.

Xishuangbanna region Blang men’s clothing: wearing a black or blue round neck long-sleeved cardigan T-shirt with a cloth twisted buckle on the chest; dressed in a black wide crotch pants; Touchan white, black or blue turban; generally also There are tattoos customs. Xishuangbanna and Lancang Blang women like to wear the the cross collar or round neck tight-fitting T-shirt, red horizontal stripes, black background long Tongqun, Qunjiao lined with a slightly longer at the side of the white cloth of the skirt, the effect of double skirt .

Mojiang, double-river in the vicinity of the women like to wear ankle dress, the Series long apron, T-shirt basic Xishuangbanna and Lancang women. Jingdong Blang women dress with the local Han basically the same.

Minority women generally head to pull the hair, the hair usually worn on a variety of jewelry, especially like to do one called “the HOM wire Hom” Yinzan of Yinzan fine “three screw” pattern. Some women usually header design with white handkerchiefs towel wound into three snails look. Three screw headdress Blang women, there is a beautiful legend, to commemorate the beautiful girl million British, he gave the cast the three Lo pattern Yinzan of do hair, expect her experiences and unfortunately never again happy marriage can come in each ordinary people who.

Beijing cuisine – Saqi Ma

Saqi Ma is an important representative of the Beijing-style pastries, it’s really a unique charm of pastries, the melted sweet taste often suddenly conquered the taste of diners.

Beijing cuisine - Saqi Ma

Because The “Saqi Ma” is a transliteration of the word, and thus on the food source, has also experienced some research. Mr. Deng Yunxiang, the addition of Yanjing country in mind, “Saqi Ma transliteration is not Mongolian, Manchu is, is written in different such as Lama snack, that is Mongolian; such as Manchuria cake cake, that is, Manchuria, then. “In fact,” Saqi Ma “is a term first appeared in the the Qing period scholar Fu Heng book” imperial updated Qing Wen Jian “,” Saqi Ma, flour sesame oil fried, syrup blending book will Saqi Ma interpreted as “a dog with milk sugar dipped, derives its name from Saqi Ma initial approach, which is northeast resembling a dog breast wild berries accessories. Sugar dipped fried dough sheet by honey, through Tangban. Saqi Ma actually the Manchuria cake is one of the three hills worship offerings of the Qing Dynasty outside the customs. The full entry Saqi Ma accessories play changes become rich selection of raisins, the hawthorn cake bars (d), plums, melon seeds, “dog milk” and the name gradually became forgotten world .
Saqi Ma generally listed in the autumn and winter, cut child and neatly stacked Saqi Ma production, storage. The traditional approach is more conventional: the first eggs, milk, sugar and flour into a paste, flour made of thin strips (or hand-made bar) with a colander, blasted into the hollow bar into the pan, then add the honey in the mold pressing, on the pot a little steamed, and then on top sprinkled with sesame seeds, melon seeds, green their names or D hawthorn cake box to cut the height of about one inch, about two inches. With the progress of the times, Saqi Ma spread throughout the north and south, around retain their basic material based on the materials of small change, but the most orthodox system of law is to stick at the bottom of Saqi Ma full cooked sesame seeds, ensure that the deposited layers do not adhesion. Was this coveted Saqi Ma intertwined with egg aroma, complex flavor of honey, sweet cakes entrance Xirun, unique style.

In recent years, the traditional beauty point Saqi Ma has to go abroad to become a popular fragrance to Southeast Asia and other places of leisure snack.

Traditional Chinese musical instruments Erhu

The erhu is a family of traditional Chinese musical instruments stringed instruments. Spread so far, about twelve hundred years of history, from the erhu. Tang Dynasty poet Cen Shen has been called “the Army Zhijiu drink to go off, erhu, pipa, bamboo flute” verse, the erhu in the Tang Dynasty began to spread, then west, north and all ethnic groups known as the barbarian, the erhu West, North National Biography into a musical instrument commonly known. In modern times, the erhu was renamed as the erhu.

Traditional Chinese musical instruments Erhu

Named due to inside and outside erxian Zhang. Qin tube, python skin, piano bar, pegs, strings the (stringed or metal strings), jin (also known as the waist Ma), Qin Ma and Bows. Inside and outside two strings by d1 and a1 pure five degrees tune a stringed instrument. Range of up to three octaves, and even more. Bass full and effective; soft Alto area, clear; clear treble, slightly nervous. It suitable for the performance of a deep, plaintive description spectacular mood. Generally speaking, where chord tone plump, soft; outboard sound bright, energetic. Since the erhu bit more, nor fixed grade, it is capable of performing any redeployment, but the most common of G, D tune, tune F, BB tune, C tune. Erhu playing technically complex, rich and expressive, the modern solo, accompaniment and ensemble instrument. Because of the love and attention of the masses of this instrument, constructed and playing technically continuous improvement and improved. For example, recently created a dual-jin erhu, the original the Erhu range bass expansion of a perfect fourth or perfect fifth, and enhance the erhu performance. Due to the birth of this new instrument, but also to create the conditions for the creation of some new songs.

Erhu songs

As an important representative of one of the traditional Chinese musical instruments, the the erhu an excellent representative of tracks artistic conception “Traditional” tearjerker “river water, waves of thoughts” Sanmen Gorge Capriccio, the magnificent Great Wall Capriccio “Pentium passionate “Jockey” Concerto.

Traditional Ten erhu songs: Reflection of the Moon, a wonderful evening, listening to the pines (Song), the Mountain birds, cold spring breeze song, moonlit night, streaming wave song, disease Yin, Sambo Buddha, bright line.

Chinese classical instruments – zither

Zheng is one of the classical Chinese instruments. Guzheng is a plucked string instrument, the prevalence of two thousand years ago during the Warring States Period “Qin”, “Lisi Biography • remonstrance Zhuke book referred to a section of the state of Qin music and dance:” husband strike urn, knocking pottery, playing the zheng stroke thigh, fast song hum ear. really Qin sound. Sang Zheng and Wei Shao Yu, like Wu, exotic music. now abandoned knock Fou hit urn disease Hodgson, back playing the zheng, Shao danger, if why? Fiat appropriate concept just carry on The Sound of Qin Zheng is a “true”, and therefore there has always been ‘Qinzheng “name.
Chinese classical instruments - zither
Ancient zither twelve string, 13 string, 14 string, 15 string variety; modern multi-stringed zither with 13 strings and 16-string steel string zither two. Its shape such as a rectangular wood box made of Paulownia. Each string evenly arranged on the piano surface, each string column (completely different), each chord only made a sound. Pentatonic tune a stringed instrument. Generally the lowest string A sound, the highest string as the A2 sound. Range of up to three octaves. Playing the zheng cross on the table, sitting and playing. Right hand with great food, middle finger plucked; left hand with the food, the ring finger completely different according to the string on the left side, and his hands grasping zheng “. Its light tone Ya beautiful, beautiful sounds. Performance breeze, ocean waves, gurgling water, fantasy wonderland scene is the most effective. For solo accompaniment or a small band ensemble. Due to the small volume of it, should not be swapping and other restrictions, has not been widely used in the big band.
The Guzheng songs:

“Boats” very poetic, flowing melody, the first slow after the fast, loose-tight, emotional layers Diego into vividly depicted under the setting sun lake and fishing boat competing normalized, the Fisherman sing pleasant realm .
“Out of the water lilies music subtle and soft, fresh and stretch and lasting appeal.
“High Mountain and Flowing Water” song due to BoYa Guqin Concert case story widely spread in the community. Music, rich, deep, clear and smooth, vividly depicts the towering mountains, the ocean water. From bass to treble, from treble to bass roll-outs practices, vividly trust showing trickle, drops of water but wonderful sound, people feel like being in the magnificent beauty of nature.

In addition, there are “Palace Moon”, “Snow in Early Spring”, “Jackdaws playing in the water”.

Achang clothing

Although the integration of the nation Achang a large number of economic and cultural life by the Han, Dai, but reserved in Achang clothing but with their own customs. Past the Achang men wearing earrings, women like sea shells sewn on the dress as decoration. Today, Achang apparel apparent age, marital status and regional differences.
The Achang man dress features
Achang clothing
Achang man wearing a blue, white or black breasted jacket, black trousers, short and wide trousers. The Laza adult man wearing left dajin shirt. The lad like wrapped in white Baotou, marriage change the black header. Young adults playing Baotou total set aside about 40 cm long spike head hanging on the back of the head. Some of the elderly also like wearing a felt hat. Hi man to go back “barrel Pa” (bag) and Husa knife.

Achang person has a superb smelting and forging technology, is recognized as the “knife fight ace. In Achang the clothing culture, men accessories Husa knife, also known as “A Chang knife, not only for Achang favorite around Dai, Lisu, Jingpo, Tibetan and other fraternal peoples lives and accessories necessity. It is said that some of the the Achang old artists can knife fight hard & soft skills, and can even be bent. A long knife, when not in use, like a belt tied around the waist, took off immediately naturally straight, their skills can be a must.

Achang man almost everyone wearing such a length ranging from “Husa knife”, not only is the production and living needs, and decorative beauty and meaning of evil supporter. Scabbard carving zodiac signs and other various patterns, delicate and beautiful, soft around the mean drunk chop money, unstoppable, “said.
The Achang Women’s clothing features

The Achang women usually wear tight sleeves cardigan sweater, skirt. Unmarried woman with the colors dajin or breasted jacket, black trousers, outside the department apron, wearing a black header. Laza, Achang girl’s clothing most concentrated ethnic characteristics. They love to wear blue, black breasted jacket and trousers, playing black or blue header, and some like a tall tower, up to two feet, some two inches wide blue cloth wrapped around the enclosure up header behind tassel, length up to shoulder; front with flowers and colored velvet beads, Ying Luo embellishment,; some temples in the left wearing a silver jewelry, like a blossoming chrysanthemum, with inlaid jade, agate, coral and the In class; Achang girls silver, silver chain pectoral, neck wear silver necklace a few, make it dazzling. Young women in the chest nailed four silver buttons, buttons hang long silver chain, tied to a pair of small silver box containing lime, betel nut and other objects. Married women wear jackets, under a knee-length skirts, fond of wearing the collar, earrings and other variety of silver. Married women like to chew a mixture of lime, betel nut, smoke grass, reed sub dyed black teeth, and see it as a sign of beauty.

The Achang both men and women like to plug aromatic flowers. Lining from woven from dyed homespun muslin production.

Beijing snacks Ai Wo Wo

Ai Wo Wo is a traditional Muslim snacks, someone call the “Love Wowo. People also spread a poem about Ai Wo Wo: “white sticky glutinous rice into the steamer, the Assorted stuffing noodles rub. Muddy not wait to cook like rice balls, Islamic judge and Ai Wo Wo.”
Beijing snacks Ai Wo Wo
Ai Wo Wo is made of glutinous rice, glutinous rice before taking a dip in production long time, and then on the pot and steam for more than an hour, and then remove with open blisters until the rice is absorbing enough water into the pot to steam for half an hour pan. Then cooked glutinous rice rice dough, pulling into the agent, pressed into a small pie, encrusting. “Wowo” knead meters dough encrusting small spherical, and press a dimple in the top of the snack ball with your fingers. Ai Wo Wo in the package stuffing is very careful selection and a good walnut, sesame seeds, plums, sugar and honey sweet-scented osmanthus and other fine pieces and mix well together. Wowo generally four or five centimeters in diameter, roll on the surface of rice on the pot steamed for aesthetics, generally, Wowo at the point red dot.

Ai Wo Wo made is generally endearing as its name. It shape of snowball dough inlet micro-sticky, soft, cool taste Ai Wo Wo, which wrapped assorted big stuffing tasted a hint of fragrance compound sweet flavor.

Jiaqing, Daoguangnianjian poet Li Guangting particularly fond of this snack, “Rural words amusement”, he wrote: “Wowo whom glutinous rice flour, shaped like a the Lantern Festival powder Lai, sugar stuffing, steamed, outside grits thin powder, a concave, hence the name Wowo the food of the field, whom cereals surface, or to pounds Xu, the clutch as the old, undone. ”

It is said that in history, Ai Wo Wo Chuxiu came about it! According to legend, the Ming Dynasty, “Chuxiu” to a Muslim chef, he brought some halal food from home “Ai Wo Wo” is eating with relish, saw a maids of honor of the Queen’s palace, he would come up with some entertaining ladies, The taste of the ladies feel good to eat, he brought some back presented to the Queen, the Queen has long been tired of the delicacies of the palace. Feel very light snack and sweet, immediately let the Hui chef living in the “Chuxiu” queen and concubines do this kind of snack. “Ai Wo Wo” has become the new darling of the pastry the “Chuxiu”.

Beijing sugar-coated haws

“Everybody says that sugar-coated haws children acids, acid inside it is wrapped in sweet …… candied fruit, good-looking bamboo children wear, it symbolizes happiness and reunion, happiness and reunion with clusters, there is no worry did not bother to …” a “sugar-coated haws “sing to the north and south, sugar-coated haws sent to people’s hearts.
Beijing sugar-coated haws
Sugar-coated haws is one of the characteristics of old Beijing snacks. The According to legend the Songguangzong Shaoxi, the most favorite of Mitsumune yellow chaise sudden illness, Chafanbusi, then increasingly gaunt, pale and thin. Physician with a lot of valuable medicinal herbs, chaise ill and can not be cured. The emperor had no option but posting times and doctors. A quack Jiebang the palace, for the yellow chaise diagnose the troubles of a prescription: “with rock sugar and red berries (hawthorn) suffering, before each meal to eat five to ten.” We all started skeptical, but the doctor can not tell the Half Moon Royal disease quasi-mend, so by side decocting only do not want sweet and sour Royal children quite to the taste of children, also insist on taking a half months, do not want, the concubine disease really scheduled healed. Overjoyed Mitsumune, generous rewards doctor.

Later this prescription spread to folk, people improved, dipped in sugar red fruit the size of the two with a bamboo stick to string together big guy below, a little man in the above, the shape of gourd is very similar. And because the hoist with Fluke homonym of the word, auspicious, so we put this candy called “candied fruit children.

Gradually, people on a bamboo stick string red berries growing number of bright red hawthorn neatly arranged by size on a bamboo stick sub, wrapped in transparent taffy, a string of sugar ball like a bar Being filled with the fruits of branches, shining brilliantly, people can not help but open the appetite. Coupled with maltose It is a bit off, slightly bang bang crisp, sugar wrapped in bright red hawthorn and knees, and covered with a thin sweet crispy, both with sweet but not greasy, acid teeth.

Not to mention the candied fruit child affordable, according to the Ming Dynasty distinguished medical scientist Li said: “hard-boiled chicken meat hard into the hawthorn the number of teeth that is easily broken, its consumption to the power of the plot, the cover can be pushed men.” the effect is even more was the people’s favorite. Modern medicine has also proved that the Hawthorn is rich in vitamin C, vitamin E, carotene and other nutrients and dietary fiber, is a good antioxidant that can improve immunity. In addition, hawthorn contain a variety of active substances, improve heart activity, soften blood vessels to lower blood pressure and cholesterol. Thus, in Beijing, as long as the Mid-Autumn Festival is over, the music like selling sugar-coated haws cries resounded through the streets, the Spring Festival is the season of sugar-coated haws sell, from New Year’s Day to fifteen temple in Beijing, the crowds four shuttle sugar-coated haws figure. Today, the pattern of the old Beijing candied fruit children more and more, in addition to red berries, yam, mountain beans, oranges, water chestnuts, bananas, kiwi, really be described as dazzling, as well as stuffed red fruit: peach stuffing, red bean paste, jujube paste filling.

Beijing boiled mutton

Boiled mutton, also known as “the lamb hot pot, through continuous improvement, the original large wok replaced refined copper pots, the raw materials used in Inner Mongolia Lamb, only the” brain “,” Sancha “,” cucumber of “the five parts of the meat, and picked off the fascia and bone at the end of the compaction of frozen, sliced ​​code in the session. This selection of lamb cooked easily broken, delicate taste, delicious, together with the Central Plains spices – sesame, chives, bean curd, boiled mutton taste even more delicious, but also to avoid the topic to popular taste in addition to lamb . The boiled mutton Beijing with its advantages to become Beijing cuisine is a must.

Beijing boiled mutton

Beijing boiled mutton the origins argument variety of multi-pass mutton originated in the Yuan Dynasty. When Kublai Khan, the commander of the army expedition to the south. These brave and skilled Mongols as to eat the lamb-based food a day, Kublai Khan commanded to the underlying support from a big pot, light a fire and killing sheep. May Spies flew revenue report enemy approaching. Hungry Kublai one waiting to eat the lamb, he ordered the troops seed money side to side shouting: “lamb! Lamb!” Chef knows his irascible, so quick-witted, knife and cut more than a dozen pieces of thin meat, stir in boiling water a few, to be flesh-colored a change, fishing into the bowl immediately, Samuel fine salt. Ate bowls of Kublai Khan led his army stood ready to meet the enemy, the results hit the ground running.

In preparation for the celebration of the feast, Kublai specifically to cook do that road lamb pieces. The chef chose sheep tenderloin, cut into thin slices, matched with a variety of condiments, generals to eat was full of praise. The chef Mangying stepped forward to say: “This dish is no name, handsome Lord Ciming Kublai Khan smiled and answered:” I think is called ‘lamb’! “From the” lamb “became a palace cuisine.

It is said that until the dynasty years, the Mutton “Donglaishun” old treasurer bribed the eunuchs from the palace to steal the “lamb sauce recipe,” lamb “was able to be sold in the city Restaurant and soon Beijing to catch on and become Beijing’s traditional flavor.

Boiled mutton meat is tender, not greasy smell of mutton Department of Beijing cuisine traditional flavor. Moment, as much as boiled mutton restaurant Needless to say, Muslim Muslims gathering area the boiled mutton authentic original taste, a new breed of places represented by Ding Ding Xiang, a choice of lamb hot pot there learned a lot of foreign elements, boiled mutton The copper pots become one of a small pot, not only authentic shabu shabu Hong heighten the atmosphere, as well as elegant and stylish environment. Brand from the grasslands of Inner Mongolia Little Sheep Although it is not the traditional flavor of old Beijing, but the new way of eating is also popular. Varieties, tea pot, chrysanthemum pot innovation.

The boiled mutton raw materials castrated sheep to of Inner Mongolia Xiwuzhumuqin flag. Each sheep 40 to 50 pounds of weight is appropriate. Whichever mill crotch, size Sancha, cucumber, on the brain and other parts of the meat, about 13 pounds. Catty Rouqie out an inch wide, four-inch long piece about 80. Boiled mutton Ingredients In addition to lamb, as well as head of cabbage, fans and dried shrimps. Auxiliary materials chives, coriander, fermented bean curd.

Beijing specialties and snacks

Beijing is the capital of China, is also one of the famous ancient capital in Chinese history. Beijing because of its unique historical background, political status and economic base, Beijing cuisine can continue to absorb the essence of around diet and incorporate flavor around, forming a unique flavor.

The basic characteristics of Beijing cuisine: the choice of materials stress, knife skills, seasoning and varied, rigorous heat, pay attention to seasonal focus Zuoshan the. Pay attention to taste fresh and crisp, fresh and refreshing, to preserve the original flavor, color, smell, taste, shape, five superb and asked to do. Beijing cuisine, the most distinctive was the roast duck and boiled mutton.

In addition, there are many commendable features snacks, such as With the Qing Dynasty capital Beijing cuisine Saqi Ma.