Ancient Manchu film for myself and a slap Naruto instruments , because the drum body has eight corners named , also known as single drum . Small flat drum body , leaving it octagonal drum , on behalf of the then Qing Dynasty Banners . Drum frame with eight ebony , rosewood , mahogany , rosewood and bone pieces glued together to fight ; one leader said that each offer a best Banners wood inlay assorted . Seven faces within the frame edge embedded two to three small cymbals , side drum decorated with inlay ear stud , meaning harvest. Octagonal drum began to spread after the mid- Ming Dynasty Beijing . In addition to the Manchu and Han use, but also spread in Dali, Yunnan Province , Jianchuan Bai people inhabited regions. Bai octagonal drum drum known as money , there are two kinds of octagonal and hexagonal . Playing, move the left hand drum , right palm strike , used in folk song and dance accompaniment .
Brief introduction
Octagonal drum Manchu , Bai, Han and other ethnic percussion instruments. [ 1 ] because of the drum body has eight corners . . Manchu , Bai, Han Ming slap film musical instruments . Popular in Beijing , Tianjin, Hebei , Henan, Shandong , Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Yunnan Dali Jianchuan other places.
Exterior
Octagonal drum drum frame is made of wood , Monte python . The seven wooden frame drum on each side to open a hole , each room is equipped with two small holes cymbal copper, on the other side of the wooden frame with two ears . Playing, left hand drum , drum erected right hand with finger rub fingertips methods such as play ; sometimes playing drums with his left index finger on the back . This drum is a musical stringed brand of folk music in northern main accompaniment instrument . Octagonal drum sizes are different, common ownership drum face angle length 16.5 cm to 19 cm, height 4.8 cm frame drum to 5.5 cm, one side of Mongolia to python , animal skin or horse hide , with small scales python better. Also around the edges as a decorative piece of bone inlay . Surface of the drum seven middle frame board were opened Begonia flower-shaped through hole ,
The middle with copper nails copper wear one pair of small cymbals . Other side of the frame plate with a small brass ring , based on a large goose yellow or red rope knot , sagging two bundles of silk goose yellow or bright red long ear for decoration , which means valley of Health two spike, symbol of harvest. Small and exquisite appearance , fine production , in addition can be used as musical instruments , there is a relatively high value of art appreciation . Qianlong Dynasty forms octagonal drum concert since then, prevailed in the middle of the Manchu banner Ji children , multi-organizational box office, word concert series that amused.
Class
Octagonal drum of the class should include: drums, willow , color three. Drum is octagonal drum , willow is ditty , color is the trick . Origin of the ” octagonal drum , ring jingle , octahedral banner inserted Quartet. Banner , soldiers make the trip, my love root is yellow. Yellow Helmet Yellow A yellow shirt , yellow saddle yellow horse yellow bells . …… ”
This is one called ” pick love root” of the Manchu song , which describes Manchu Eight Banners heroic defense of the motherland territory defeated Rakshasa ( ie Russia ) , his wife celebrate the triumphant return when her husband singing songs. Octagonal drum is the most distinctive Manchu folk instrument .
Manchu is an ancient nomadic people , as early as 2000 years ago, live in the Changbai Mountain in Northeast China , Heilongjiang vast area between ; and later expanded and Hebei , Shandong, Inner Mongolia and other provinces, autonomous regions and Beijing , Xi’an and other cities. Courageous decisions based on the Manchu people , creating a rich musical culture. Folk wide range of topics in various forms. Religious ritual dance, historic , warm atmosphere. Folk instrument shaman ritual is almost entirely used ringers , only octagonal drum accompaniment for concerts and dance performances.
Spread
Ming Shen Bang ” Wan Department Diary” and reads: “Liu Xiong octagonal drum must: Liu goodness drumming , the severity of Ji Xu , intended to make a sound with the people , or hybrid between string and wind orchestra , rhythm song together , to better help them clear sound cloud . ” The octagonal drum playing skills at a high level , Liu Xiong known as the capital of one of eight absolutely . As in 1644 the Qing Dynasty in Beijing its capital , a large number of Manchu through customs, in the 18th century ( AD 1736 -1795 years ) , octagonal drum has a drum book, stringed musical accompaniment and other folk art , and a professional entertainer singing, had prevailed in court and Beijing , Tianjin, throughout the Northeast . Qing Dynasty , Beijing ‘s octagonal drum music genres passed along the canal south of Shandong , in Liaocheng , Linqing , Jining and other places, they evolved into the “Shandong octagonal drum .” Development octagonal drum popular in the Qing Dynasty folk song types . Used by the singer hit section of musical instruments octagonal drum named. Octagonal drum of the starting raw , legends vary . First appeared in the Qing Emperor Kangxi Li acoustic vibration ” BaiXi Zhuzhici ” and reads: ” octagonal drum , octagonal -shaped , hand to hit the festival song, all the doors .” ” Chinese local opera integration. Inner volume ” preamble records, Inner Mongolia, Manchu octagonal drum old artist said:” octagonal drum was originally a Manchu customs , animal husbandry, living in the folk art . Manchu people often line the leisure hunting around to octagonal drum from the song amused . ” said: ” octagonal drum of the original song a kind of sit cavity bifurcated form “, the formation of ” Kangxi , Qianlong period “, ” Qianlong and Jiaqing later , had no professional artists, Snuff done only by the non-operating performances, a cappella before the feast in the hall . ” Beijing area octagonal drum artist legends see Chong Yi ” Road salt since government and Miscellany ” : ” little man Croucher who people outside the firearms business . Zeng Zheng Dynasty and from large and small two Jinchuan . triumph way back , homemade immediately song, sung in the term of the present octagonal drum stringed miscellaneous row ( cards ) child and the father is also bifurcated song its first song of the said small raft , referred to as Cha song , after falsely to fork song, Yue crisp singing , all bent along the correct also. euphemistically smell of old fancier preaching , when almost no difference also. ” ” Shengpingshu bifurcated song ” an introduction to the book written Luetong , but” little Man Cha ” the masterpiece ” treasure small fork . ”
Octagonal drum in the Qing Dynasty Jiaqing , Daoguang , due around the garrison flag membership soldiers , officials and local flags Ji hobby , spread to many areas . According to legend, where water transport , the salt transport through the town , there are octagonal drum sung. Liaocheng in Shandong popular modern octagonal drum , Jilin evolved by the Manchu octagonal drum Metro play , both with deep original octagonal drum has a direct relationship . In addition, a major piece of Henan , Gansu, Lanzhou Drum , Qinghai and other music genres flat chord in the song structure, lyrics rhyme , it is also in common with the octagonal drum .
Octagonal drum early Manchu folk art for the ancient ” octagonal drum ” in the 1950s , this folk tunes on the basis of the development of “full play .” Today, the octagonal drum major for Beijing , Tianjin, Hebei, Northeast China and around the rap music, ” The Drum ” and ” stringed ” ( also called ” monochord brand song ” or ” octagonal drum ” ) , a handheld octagonal drum by the artist himself percussion rhythm , and the other by the accompanist playing shamisen .
Role
Demolition sing octagonal drum has a positive , ugly both roles. According to figures of how many stories from two to five people subcontracting rush angle , generally three concert programs as much, playing twelve string also sang the role . Concert , only one person from the clown makeup . Both dominated by Harlequin , also interspersed with a lot of outside in the libretto gag plainly ingredients. These gags , most have nothing to do with the story , just grab the main speaker Couqu gimmick , divorced from the story , the audience for the fun of it.
Form
Qi Ji children singing octagonal drum includes five kinds of singing form .
① fork song .
② group song, by the people sing , singing rounds , drums, plates, gongs, cymbals string accompaniment . Liu Zhenqing ” octagonal drum left Wen ” chronicles Manchu fancier Order Chi Zong said : Qianlong 41 years Agui triumphant conquest of Jinchuan , will be made by Emperor Qianlong of the ” great year”, ” Wan folk music “, ” Ma Yin” Manchu military songs into Chinese , etc. , in order to compose tunes octagonal drum with Miao, Yao and other ethnic minorities instruments Jinchuan drums, big brass cymbals , cymbals , gongs and other small hit section , make sergeant ensemble and singing. Li Qing and more from the children of relatives and friends were invited to the Friends of the festive concert at the church , after the Republic gradually decline. After the founding of the PRC , and some folk groups had to be reformed in this form , also by the people dance and sing songs also referred to as ” monochord medley .”
③ demolition sing octagonal drum , by the actors played many positive ugly foot color , according to the lyrics content and how many characters from 3 to 5 sub- rush angle , generally three concert programs as much. Its concert near opera, commonly known as ” octagonal drum with a small drama .” This concert forms rise in the Qianlong , Jiaqing , between Jiaqing years mer’s Dai Quande ” Xunyang poems ” in a ditty , designed chant sung octagonal drum concert demolition case . Dominated by ugly feet singing , lyrics interspersed with many gag Plainly , near the main speaker at the comic , only for the audience teasing , fun ignorant is not high, gradually fading .
④ monochord .
⑤ headed man , singing the same content and monochord . Qing Dynasty, in the form of many of the actors sing called monochord , but to a person ‘s Day Concert held octagonal drum hit , another person called double speak shamisen accompanist , or who say that man is headed by two of operating a bear sanxian , a person Anxian , a man plucked, while round duet word form.
Demolition sing
Demolition sing octagonal drum formed in the mid-Qing Dynasty . Aka ” sign sing song demolition “, ” octagonal drum with a small play”, “Brand drama .” By Qing Qianlong ( 1736-1795 ) of the ” fork song with play” evolved . “Demolition sing” , meaning a person concert repertoire will be replaced by two open three to four or five people by plot, character subcontracting catch angle concert . Qing Dynasty folk song collection ” Seduction continued spectrum” on the income has called “flat fork with drama ,” the lyrics are four: “Yun lead “, ” Taijun there is life “, ” wilderness Qifeng ” and ” heavy sleep .” According to the ” Seduction continued spectrum” set point by Wang Tingshao preamble above, then this flat fork when the band plays , and various other tune ditty is sung by the gifted youngster to ” wonderful selection gifted children , the extension of old technician whom the professor . a degree in the sound and feeling states , mouth hand painted, will make Korea a very beautiful and boast off …… then the red woolen rug Zade , lights back Geshan light ; color sleeve greet people , the sound of sending bright eyes gaze . Zhu Ying Bai Zhu , Zhengyan with Xiaofeng moon , nor so Dianran scenery, the scenery is peaceful . ” demolition sing octagonal drum performances stress that science, funny, sing , and play the fool among which the most important . Look from the existing work , the language used by Harlequin way main speaker “three turning four shaking “, ” homophonic interrupt “, ” pun “, etc., vulgar “Ethical main speaker ” is also seen from time . Some people think that dismantling the clown singing octagonal drum play the fool , pitched directly from popular Beijing opera clown gags .
Qing Dynasty novel ” Temptress Moon Dream” Chapter 13 , are described reign ( 1821-1850 ) flag Ji children sing octagonal drum split in Yangzhou show specific scene: ” Three people came , the tables placed in the middle, there is a holding a bear sitting in the middle drum harp ; that one took the side of the octagonal drum standing left-hand side ; which stood to the right people copied to proceed . those who were seated Nianlejiju opening , said a few auspicious words , bouncing drum harp , the man knocked on the left move octagonal drum . those who were seated singing Jingqiang , sandwiched many joke that people say gossip Youshou interrupted , who was sitting inside the neck playing many palm, attracted everyone aloud ; called for fighting Geng children ( according to the ” play the fool ” ) . ” said the man is standing Youshou clown , performing division was the main speaker .
Demolition sing octagonal drum with three individual sub- rush angle performances more, after the Republic of performing double reed because most professional entertainers sing and play split octagonal drum , then changed to two concerts , that a person as Harlequin , a person play other roles and three-stringed lute accompaniment, clown on the stage to make a simple dress temporary . Interspersed with performances in the libretto caught a lot of the content of the main speaker amused , with a lively atmosphere . Qing Dynasty, demolition began singing octagonal drum and a variety of drums, comic, double reed , juggling and other skills on the same stage , known collectively as even like juggling . Early Years famous actors have since Yong Han Guo Rong Mountain and the first, Du Fu and fruit Wan Lin Zhen , Gu Rongfu come with Yin Fu and several files. The main track of ” Fen Hewan “, “small grave “, “double lock Mountain”, ” Kuangyin play dates “, ” cowardly fortune “, ” Woody scolded Yan “, ” playing stove separation” and so on. Because fewer tracks , fun style is not high , singing and performing little innovation, the republic was established gradually declined and successors . Troupe of Beijing Huan Xu born there in 1980 , according to Gu Rongfu Chua Guan Li , Yin Fu to sing record ” Fenhe Wan ” and other eight lyrics and recording.
Whole Church
Qing Qi Ji tissue box office concert octagonal drum children , they also include some other folk art , acrobatics form , known as the ” whole Church octagonal drum “, referred octagonal drum , and its music genres including , voiceless drum, fork Quer , piano chamber child , lumbar section of children , horse tune , demolition sing , comic , old color tricks and so on. Extended Jiaqing , Daoguang , increased monochord children , West rhyme song types . Later on, they joined the Pente book fast , performances , you need to cast three or five to a dozen people , a church , a farm or a dozen performances nine field programs. To say the head, mainly to sing . Divided into ” Drum” ( octagonal drum , bass drum ) , ” Willow” ( when the transfer ditty ) , ” color” ( old color tricks ) three categories. That science, funny, singing , blowing , playing , playing , drawing , variable are included . So that the ” whole Church octagonal drum .”
Chong Yi ” Since the government and salty Road Diary” , said: ” octagonal drum of the whole Church , sub- drums, slide, color three kinds of completeness . Drum , sing it ; slide, comic and the like ; Choi , tricks .” Beijing artists say slightly there are different , that ” drum ” means octagonal drum , bass drum plum North board , books and other forms of beads together quickly ; “slip ” should be Liu , Qi Ji refers to the children of such hi ditty sung Horsehead tune like ; “color ” refers to the ancient color tricks , comic , double reed and other forms. Qing Dynasty folk song collection, ” Seduction continued spectrum” , ” snow left sound “, ” one million full “, ” song five kinds of brand “, ” Do not sign this song five kinds ” and other books have included a lot of octagonal drum song the . But in ” Seduction continued spectrum” included lyrics are Qianlong children sang songs script works in the taste, style flag with the Manchu nationality different children to sing the lyrics . Ways of playing playing, will drumhead vertical position, the left thumb , index finger , middle finger stretched drum box , ring finger , little finger drum care , the right hand side of the fingerstyle drumming and pronunciation , sound crisp , beautiful sounds . Playing skills rich past, ” Laos Ten Drum ” “Drumming five law ,” said the now commonly used to sit, play , pads, wheels, rub, knock , sub- bomb, toss , etc. Folk formulas , saying: ” bosom allowed partial month , cautiously avoid shrugging tambourine shaking arms do not move the wrist , hit pad wheel should rub chords .” Concert with only sitting method , each shot a ring, toss ( shake ) method commonly used in the care tunes chamber portion , bombs, pads, wheels, rub, knock and other techniques used in the fork song and music prelude , interlude section. And can be left thumb , index finger, the skin of the back drum shells . Especially playing drums drum body surface and combining seismic shaking issued sound, more features.
Playing skills
Mainly playing skills of ” bombs , shaking , hitting , rubbing , shoot” dharmas .
Shells : the left hand drum , hand drumming surface fingerstyle is octagonal drum of the basic ways of playing . Divided into “single fingerstyle “, “double fingering “, ” duet ” and other methods.
Shake : Shake with your left hand holding the drum , the drum and small cymbals crash sound.
Touch : the right to the left hand holding horizontal drum sound when touched right finger .
Rub : the right hand thumb along the border from the outer drum circle to reverse the upward twist in edgewise week by the index finger drumming playing surface again. Skin to stab down due drumhead , it can rub against the drum head tremors, and thus make a small frame drum cymbals Britain rang .
Beat : the left hand drum , right hand single shot drum for finished playing , to show ends.
Drums play
Octagonal drum play, Manchu regional operas . Octagonal drum originally Manchu folk art forms . After the founding of New City Guisui some of the Manchu people and artists collected a number of octagonal drum traditional music , and was founded in 1952 amateur octagonal drum troupe , creating octagonal drum play . Singing traditional tunes United decorated with octagonal drum made of a character asks in Mandarin , action figure theater performances imitate , but no foot color line of business . 1955 in the autonomous region ‘s first music and dance drama evolve , the performance of the Manchu Qing
Love and marriage, New Year traditional repertoire ” right Ryoka ” won the outstanding performance award and actor awards, in 1959 and 1963 successively income ” Chinese local opera integrated Inner volume” and “minorities theater election .” Since then , they have, organize, adapted and created the ” collapse Liu bucket “, ” Man of Flowers” , “celebrate Moonlight ” and dominated by cabaret repertoire .
Show sequence
Its performances of order:
Prologue
– Three programs.
1 , pentameter drum ; 2 , monochord or miscellaneous brands song ; 3 , tamarisk , piano ditty cavity , etc. .
Formal performance
– Six programs.
1 , bifurcated song: with stringed lute , octagonal drum accompaniment, singing two small fork song, a big turnout song .
2 , the main speaker : two or three persons gag joke , by the way introduced various programs actor ‘s name.
3, the lumbar section : includes group singing “Four Seasons Oriole ,” “The Big Eight Immortals “, ” fun fishing “, ” longevity incense” and so on.
4 old color tricks or three main speaker .
5 , Pente fast book or double reed ( formerly known as ” double science a man” ) .
6 , demolition sing octagonal drum : also known as brand play, two , three sub- rush angle concerts , repertoire “happy celebration ” and so on .
Whole Church octagonal drum , except rap opera , but also interspersed with some acrobatics, such as playing plates, sword , drilling circle and so on.
