Khmu percussion dance to

Dance to, Khmu comprehensive body of Ming playing musical instruments. According to the translation, said bamboo tuning fork shape. Popular in the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture Mengla Mengman etc. Khmu inhabited areas.
Khmu percussion dance to
Make
With bamboo production, select a long 80 cm to 100 cm in diameter and 2.5 cm to 3 cm of two bamboo, bamboo get through to the upper and lower permeability.
The upper part of split bamboo whittled tuning fork-shaped, front and rear walls that slashing, leaving around the wall. Fork length of 25 cm to 27 cm, 2 cm spacing two forks, tuning fork along the wall in front of the fork under each split a gap, sandwiching a thread group to help pronunciation tuning fork vibration. In the lower part of the bamboo is back both sides of the opening of a long 0.8 cm wide by 0.6 cm rectangular sound hole. On the front of the sound hole, the lower 30 cm away from the back of the sound hole in the next, from the lower 26 cm.

Playing
While playing, right hand holding the lower part of the tube grip, thumb hole, press the middle finger or ring finger holes. For the upper end of the tuning fork tube site with his left wrist at the crashing issue a pitch, like the sound of the bowstring Dan Mianhua, the upper and lower vents are open, you can send two tone, waist or leg lower end carom and send a tone of four tones: d1, # ​​f1, a1, b1, except pitch, the other are the length of the air column within the tube with changes overtone tone slender weak. Can be used solo or ensemble. In Khmu, women are particularly popular, often walking in the way of labor or knock-outs, during festive or festive holiday season, the girls often gather wood grams, while the knock-outs while dancing, dance called “dance to dance.” Solo music of “girl love tune” and so on.

Manchu Percussion Pacific Drums

Pacific drums, song types . Also known as single drum . Origins vary, with a broad mass base and deep historical roots , plays an important role in the local folk activities.
Manchu Percussion Pacific Drums
Brief introduction
Single drum dance is a kind of a handle, just like Pushan , with iron box , Mongolia following skins, decorated with a few pieces of small hoop handle . Some drum surface painted figures , flowers , frame drum lined with pompons or peanut spike. Dancer left hand drum , drum right hand a whip , while dancing while playing .
” Peace Drum ” is prevalent throughout the north, Ming prevalent. Northeast called ” single drum ” ; Anhui Huaibei area called the ” end of the tribute Drum” , “Hi Drum , ; Gansu , Ningxia, Shaanxi Province called” Towards sheepskin drum in drum ” , ” witch dance with nature Beijing people . ” after birth to old calendar in October , the various city streets , children in small groups , each hit peace drum , pound drums can be heard everywhere .
” Peace Drum ” dancing health simple, strong local flavor , the show lively and varied forms , local flavor , the show lively and varied forms , the number is not limited. Complex rhythmic drumming , drums shortness clear , at first as ” popcorn “, along with the rhythm of the dancers waist rings, hoop drum whip on the sonorous sound, clear and melodious. There are positive ways to play to play, negative play, drumming side , knocking the handle , hand drums , shaking around hoop , hoop , and so on up and down Britain . In the hands of a drum dancer , or rotate , or toss , and sometimes each hand playing a drum , tricks, endless variations . After the liberation, spread ” peace drum ” around the country, after the dust to get rid of feudal superstition , it was a healthy beautiful art more brilliant luster .

Manchu Percussion Pacific Drums
Pacific Drums because skin also known as single -sided percussion section . Popular in Liaoning and Jilin and Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi , Gansu, Hebei, Anhui and other provinces .
Taiping Taiping drum is a drum dance props , folk artists known as the ” singing rope ” , a symbol of “peace ease .” Performers in pairs, jumping maneuvers . Person left holding the drum , right hand holding drumsticks , showed their dance, drums and metal sound clear and melodious. Young man jumped up , stretch and straight, a girl is dancing flexible and lightweight . Taiping Village Mentougou large drum , said to come from the Qing Dynasty, every year around the Spring Festival , young women and young children in small groups “fighting cock ” , “Chasing Butterflies “, ” go crescent .” They are playing “big fan Drum” , “small fan Drum” , singing flowers, grass sing , singing the ancient sages , also sang at the age of basic necessities of life and customs. This dance is generally in the twelfth lunar day to two days of February next year when the show.
Pacific Drums circulated in Beijing since the Ming Dynasty , Qing Dynasty, peace drum inside and outside the capital is extremely popular. Later on, peace drum incoming Mentougou district . Historically Mentougou many villages every household , men and women almost always hit the peace drum , the Qing court also struck the Lunar New Year’s Eve peace drum , whichever is “peace ” means, so Beijing , also known as the Peace Drum “welcome in the drum .” Pacific Drums of the twelfth lunar month and the first month of each year the most active , very attractive age in the local folk activities , the people who hit the peace drum is peace and prosperity for the peace and prosperity of expectations. Beating drums can not only heighten the festive atmosphere , to some extent also reflects their festivals in Beijing .
Manchu Percussion Pacific Drums
Traceability
Taiping Taiping Drum years , while playing , singing and dancing . Reverberates nine chambers eighteen tune, ancestral worship seeking more happiness . [span] Pacific muster sources , there are two versions: one that is early Han Song said interrupted the Ming Dynasty , said peace drum . Drums were peach , Mongolian sheepskin or multi Korea paper ; or rounded, under the rim decorated with pompons , labeled iron handle of the ring -shaped collar . First single drum used when Manchu shaman ancestors originated Sacred , oval, Mongolian horse , donkey or sheep . Ching Ho ear ” Yan Taiwan Zhuzhici ” : ” Puff hoop rings the drums , dancing gradually end the age groups . See said that peace has like , Qu singing the same song with the soil . ”
Fan peace drum shape and similar multi- percussion with dance moves . Song Dynasty that the ” break ” the Ming Dynasty folk called ” peace drum ” , known as ” hunting drum .” For worship, pray and dance performances, after celebrating the New Year for folk entertainment . Lunar New Year’s Eve , when people are hit Diwali peace drum and singing , dancing, became something called ” peace drum ” dance form , in order to “peace ” means.
According to legend , the percussion section is Manchu hunters hunting equipment, hunting side hit the perimeter when , after being hunting drumming dance . Qing Yang Bin , “Liu edge Sketch ” contains : “After full of people sick shall Sacred , Sacred …… by …… to Bell ( waist bell ) is hip , shaking the silent , and hand drums, drum with a single leather take hoops , there are dozens of pieces in the ring shank and hit and shake , and then the sound soso “contains Tao Yun Hui Bao ” end of the Qing nobility of Life , “the article also said: .” Shaman gods were wearing hats , body Cinch bell , hand hit percussion section ( Piemonte on a round hoop, under the sus ) , ” Li Qing acoustic ” BaiXi Zhuzhici “contained, Beijing suburb popular beating drums : .” Taiping drum Korea round flat covered with paper . , sagging dozen hoop , then hit the ring sound appropriate , song title “peace years ” , farmers per night is fun , ” Qing Ho ear” Yan Taiwan Zhuzhici ” also contains : .” Puff hoop rings the drum , dancing the age groups becoming final . saw that peace has like , Qu singing the same song with the soil . ” earlier , the Manchu women percussion accompaniment for dance , the past century, is often played by men .
According to legend, the prototype has been at peace drum Tang Dynasty Empress Wu , ” Yanjing Heritage Anecdote recorded” a book described a similar legend ; people also found from the Tang Dynasty tomb unearthed relics of a drum , drum style similar to today ‘s peace . According to research, when Jin, this drum had formed a dance called ” leather Peel dance .” Pacific Drums spread in Beijing , first recorded in the Ming Dynasty , the Ming Liu Dong, Yu Yi was ” Royal Plaza features a little ” set: ” Boy Laos drum , near the eve of the dawn , said peace drum .” It is the economic prosperity of the Ming Dynasty, when the night playing drums in this case . Qing dynasty flourished in peace drum inside and outside the capital matures, Qianlong , the汪启淑”water leisure Cao Qing Lu” , the money set chant of “Peace Drum” describes a peace drum performances inside and outside the city of grand .

Manchu Percussion Pacific Drums
The traditional small scale peace drum dance . Republic of China, the majority are women playing drums , they rarely street , only in their gardens and play together in the streets , Puppet People are under the iron heel , peace drum is disappeared. New China was founded in 1949 , to celebrate the liberation , peace drum artists out of the courtyard , out of the streets , came on the road , joined the parade , peace drum up from only become spectacular , it was said that the Mentougou from the door until lap East shop , peace drum lined with thirteen teams in the Strip .

Props Introduction
Manchu Shaman with iron bars bent with peace drum , frame drum , drum -section oval, diameter 48 cm , diameter 38 cm short , drum box high 1.5 cm to 2 cm , single-sided Mongolia to horsehide , animal skin or sheepskin. Drum Handle length is 20 centimeters, handle the lower end of the large diameter 16 cm above the hoop , the big ring with a diameter of 6 cm string of small hoop . Chui said drum drum made ​​of bamboo whip , whip length 44 cm, tail whip Department is decorated with red silk wrapper . Hulun Buir League of Inner Mongolia and Hing’an spread peace drum , drum frame oblate , there are 30 cm wide drum , drum whip or a thin stick with a bamboo stick making, whip tail lines colored silk .
Han folklore peace drum ( Figure ) , sizes , drums appear before a round or flat peach and fan groups , drum 20-32 cm wide , drum frame 1 to 1.5 cm high , 10 cm long handle to drum 15 cm , handle end is decorated hoop or small cymbals . Drumhead Mongolian sheepskin or multi- Korea based paper . Drum frame is decorated with colored balls for decoration . Drums whip length 34 cm . Whip the lower end of the drum and the drum pattern are based on the HY- ear or red silk wrapper .

Manchu Percussion Pacific Drums
Pacific bulging boxes are made ​​of iron . Although the drum is different, but the drums are kept in animal skin is horsehide or sheepskin , leather or painted with light elements patterns , the lower drums are decorated with large hoop handle , but also a string of small hoop ring , which ring and number varies .
When playing, left hand holding the handle held drums, shaking up and down , the right hand drum percussion drumhead whip , heart and rim can drumming , drums, boxes or drums on the back. Strike law is to fight and pumping, knock , press, shaking , etc. , and also vibration hoop or small cymbals sound. Multi Peace Drum dances , often with dance percussion , while knocking while dancing . There are single and double performances and other collective performances often Lunar New Year Lantern Festival celebration or event, a mass cultural activities . Taiping drum dance with both instruments also . Thunderous drums and waving Hongying , adding to the festive atmosphere .
Beijing Chinese Art Institute of Chinese Academy of Music Instrument Museum , Taiping Drum multi-faceted group which was a drum box fan , with a diameter of 0.6 cm iron bar bent together, face diameter of 40 cm , Mongolian sheepskin , then under the iron drum handle, handle length is 10 cm , outside wrapped Tengpi next big hoop shank diameter of 16 cm , 3 cm in diameter in the string has 18 small hoop . Drums whip length of 44 cm . Drum rim decorated with five colored pompon for decoration . This drum has been loaded into the ” Chinese musical illustrations ” in large pictures . The other side of the larger peace drum , drum frame oval, diameter 76 cm, diameter 70 cm short , high and 0.5 cm frame drum , hooded sheepskin , leather painted Immortals character images. Then under the drum frame wooden handle , handle length is 15.5 cm , the next big hoop shank diameter 15 cm , inner diameter of 5.5 cm string of small hoop 13 . Drums whip length of 50 cm .
4 Art Features

Manchu Percussion Pacific Drums
Peace drum is a drum dance props , hitting peace drum accompaniment is the main means . Pacific Drums is a handle, single-sided drum loop , round, drumhead with sheepskin or kraft paper to do, with a few red pompon edge drum , drum tied to the lower end of the handle a few shiny small hoop . When playing drums, drum left hand , right hand holding drumsticks , showed their dance “pound ” of drums and “rushing ” metallic sound clear and melodious. ” Puff hoop sounding drums , dance groups getting the final years old , saw that he had like Taiping , Qu singing the same song with the soil .”
As part of this iconic species dance dance with – peace drum with accompaniment in the form of a unique , musical accompaniment are: banhu , erhu, drums, gongs, numbers and other instruments , as well as accompaniment lyrics , karaoke songs have ” four seasons” ” December song” and other tracks ; has cockfighting , string lute spent on performing routine, drums and other great circle around the character , Park drum , two busy Zhahua fence , lying dolls and other dozens of sets of action, very funny, funny humor ; peace drum showed their dance performances can also be inter- play between dance, dance is inseparable from the drums, the drums and dance with change , achieve harmony and unity drum and dance , forming crisp and varied affect the results.
Performers in pairs, side drums shake the ring , side jumping maneuvers . Young man jumped up , stretch and straight, played drums whipped up and down , really, ” people with drums, drum wrapped around people .” A girl dancing flexible, lightweight, can describe their ” twisted up like Willow Bend Drive , fan- inspired move straps chatter .” Very little pretty fresh. Mentougou peace drum dancing, singing , usually playing drums again , sing again the word , folk artists known as the ” singing rope .” They sing flowers, grass sing , singing the ancient sages , there are singing daily life, at the age of customs . Pacific drums drum rich, “big fan Drum” , “small fan Drum” , “chasing Drum” , ” Drum ” and so on .
Peace Drum Set competitive, fun and improvisation in one, with strong regional cultural symbol , is a typical Beijing Han folk dance , Jingxi peace drum it showed their unique dance , inspired by a combination of characteristics. When jumping , people combine dance , hard twist waist , while a positive attack , negative attack , heart drums , drumming along drumming constantly drumming . Each village has a different style of play , all the villagers themselves routine choreography .
Manchu Percussion Pacific Drums
Classification
Jingxi Peace Drum
Jingxi showed their peace drum dance can also be inter- play between the singing . Dance is inseparable from the drums , the drums and dance with change , drums and dance organic complexes . Drumming techniques had a positive hit, negative attack, heart drums , drums along the vertical and horizontal tremors hoop , forming crisp and colorful sound, fully embodies mingled drummer and drum , vertical and horizontal clutch . The law is dynamic drummer who dance drum, wrapped around people who drum unity. Old arts people think , good or bad peace drum playing , dynamic body posture depends on drums. In the past, women with bound feet , so the formation of the Women Peace Drum basic dynamic law as ” fresh twist ” and ” Shake King ” ; dynamic characteristics of man’s law is a “fan King ” and ” Gen Jin .”
Mentougou Jingxi beating drums will be no less than dozens of villages , townships far Huangta Baihuashan under military ring townships, have had peace drum in history , but the most common and most active urban area is the door , around the Spring Festival every year , circle door, Sanjiadian things Sim room, large Village and other places young women can be seen in small groups “fighting cock ” , “Chasing butterflies “, ” go crescent ” , pull the legs wriggled , graceful , when the girl at home play, the dancing to the husband’s family after they were married . Annual harvest is over , families began to tidy up peace drum , please blacksmith drumming circle , please Gupi Mongolian craftsmen . Every evening , as long as someone pound, beat drums in the village , near and far neighbors will be heard and to, regardless of age , seniority level , men and women , young and old will have fun together enjoy “playing ” coming from the drum . Beating drums also once between people , between neighborhoods, as mutual exchanges between village and village , communicate feelings , rapport opportunities.
Mentougou District Taiping Drum is to entertain people , collective heritage, folk dance collective development , since the Ming Dynasty in Beijing spread , into the clear, peace drum is extremely popular both inside and outside the capital .
Pacific Drums , from the production process to be combined with organic dance movements , as a musical sound has transcended the simple function of the carrier , and the objects in this region has become a strong symbol of the local culture , the local people is a sign of cultural identity . Jingxi Pacific drums are artifacts of the region with a strong geographical and cultural symbol .
Lanzhou Peace Drum
Since the Qing Dynasty , the drum has spread in the northeast Pacific , vast areas of northern China .
Peace drum used similar shape and Fan is on a circular hoop with animal skin mask , made ​​of horsehide or sheepskin , cross-sectional diameter of 30 to 40 cm , plain or painted leather light patterns , lines around several hoops a pompon as ornaments, decorated with a few pieces of the lower drum handle small hoop or a few small cymbals .
When playing, left hand holding a drum pattern , the right hand of a rattan whip percussion drum drumhead , heart or drum rim , and at the same shock hoop or cymbal sound. The drums are tied to the handle end and rattan have HY spike. Pacific Drums and more complex dance moves percussion , while knocking while dancing . Performances have single play, double play and collective fight other . Pacific Drums both instruments , but also a prop.
Manchu Percussion Pacific Drums
Shape structure
Pacific Drums by the Manchu Shaman drum frame with iron bars bent , drum -section oval, diameter 48 cm , diameter 38 cm shorter , frame drum 1.5 cm to 2 cm high , single-sided mask with horsehide , Lvpi or sheepskin. Drums shank length of 20 centimeters, handle the bottom of the big hoop diameter 16 cm or more, the big ring with a diameter of 6 cm string of small hoop . Chui said drum drum whip , made ​​of bamboo , 44 cm long whip , whip tail lines with red silk wrapper for decoration .
Hulun Buir League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , Hing’an spread peace drum , drum frame oblate , 30 cm wide drum , drum sticks whip with bamboo sticks or fine production, whip tail lines colored silk .
Han folklore peace drum , sizes , drums appear before peach , flat round or fan groups , drum wide 20 cm to 32 cm, frame drum 1 cm to 1.5 cm high , 10 cm long handle drum to 15 cm , shank end decorated with hoop or small cymbals . Drumhead Mongolian sheepskin or multi-layer high
Korea paper . Drum box decorated with colored balls for decoration . Drums whip length 34 cm . Whip the lower end of the drum and the drum pattern are based on the HY- ear or red silk wrapper .Manchu Percussion Pacific Drums
Pacific Drums drum boxes are made ​​of iron . Although the drum is different, but the drums are kept in animal skin , horsehide or sheepskin , leather plain or painted light patterns , the lower handle are decorated with large drum hoop ring also has a string of small hoop , its ring and the number varies .
When playing methods playing, left hand holding the handle held drums, shaking up and down , the right hand drum percussion drumhead whip , the heart can drumming , drum edges , drum boxes or drums on the back. Strike law is to fight, smoke, knock , press, shaking , etc. , and also vibration hoop or small cymbals sound. Taiping Drum used for dance accompaniment, often with tap dance , while knocking while dancing . Performances in the form of single, double and collective variety , often performing in the Lantern Festival or Lunar New Year festive activities, is mass cultural activities . Pacific Drums both instruments , but also dance with . Pound drums , waving Hongying , more festive atmosphere.

Manchu Percussion Pacific Drums
Peace Drum Collection
Beijing Chinese Art Institute of Chinese Academy of Music Instrument Museum , Taiping Drum multi-faceted . Which was a drum box fan group , formed by bending iron bars with a diameter of 0.6 cm , surface diameter of 40 cm , Mongolian sheepskin , then under the iron drum handle, handle length 10 cm , outside wrapped Tengpi next big hoop diameter shank 16 cm , 3 cm in diameter in the string of small hoop 18 . Drums whip length 44 cm . Drum rim decorated with five colored pompon for decoration . This drum has been loaded ” Chinese musical illustrations ” in large pictures . The other side of the larger peace drum , drum frame oval, diameter 76 cm , diameter 70 cm shorter , 0.5 cm high frame drum , hooded sheepskin , leather painted Immortals character images. Then under the drum frame wooden handle , handle length 15.5 cm , the next big hoop shank diameter 15 cm , 5.5 cm in diameter in the string of small hoop 13 . Drums whip 50 cm long .

Amber manual processing methods

Many people are getting inclined to do it yourself process in the hands of amber, out of the question to be more professional, more personal experience is that once feel the fun. Amber -yourself process is not very complicated , nothing less than a few steps peeling , grinding and polishing , etc., if needed polish , you need to master certain skills. Next, a brief manual processing steps amber wool .

1 , prepare materials. Amber manual processing wool is the most important tool sandpaper , but different types of sandpaper . In general 240 320 60080010005000 other types of sandpaper are required to prepare a . If there are power tools , all the better , if not on hand to slowly grind . Finally need water , grinding the whole process requires water to prevent wool cracking.

2 peeled. Amber ‘s hand sanding away the skin on , just not smooth grinding smooth place on the line, this is a whole step to get it smooth. If there are a number of power tools will be faster , but both of peeling effect is the same.

3 , polished. After the original stone began to get smooth with sandpaper , usually starting with coarse sandpaper , grinding slowly to a trickle , the best imported sandpaper . Started grinding using 240 sandpaper . After a few numbers slowly with constant grinding sandpaper Dade , this really is not urgent, must come step by step , using from coarse to fine sandpaper , not to start with a fine sandpaper , this will lead to grinding out things are not smooth. After 240 sandpaper is 320-600 800 to have a little feeling of lightness , and after it ‘s 1000, with a finer sandpaper , and finally with a sandpaper No. 5000 is complete.

College students with discarded chopsticks made ​​crafts monthly turnover of over 5000 yuan

Pairs of disposable chopsticks waste into a smaller version of the Eiffel Tower , the World Expo China Pavilion , tanks …… Wuhan Polytechnic students Liwen Fei with manual skills , students are referred to as ” chopsticks brother .” He founded the ” Hand Workshop ” entrepreneurship, monthly turnover exceeded 5,000 yuan.

[ Reporter Interrupted ] ” In high school saw a magazine , do crafts with ice cream stick very beautiful , they became interested in handmade . Chopsticks easy to collect , so choose it as the material from the beginning of freshman year , I have air will produce a variety of gadgets . ” Wuchang Institute of Business Administration junior Liwen Fei said yesterday .

The bedroom of his desk , filled with ” Eiffel Tower “, ” Shenzhou spaceship “, ” China Pavilion “, ” Yangtze River Bridge ,” bulky items , as well as the album racks , pen , dressing and other practical manual work . He explained that the main material used is the cleaning cafeteria used disposable chopsticks.

After drying out the photos online work , talented people address him , was amazing . Success in school quality display section , his personal exhibition being touted by hand , inspired his entrepreneurial enthusiasm. Late last month, Li Wenfei investment of 80 million, the formation of ” Bo Arts Square ” team , selling their handicrafts college , monthly turnover exceeded 5,000 yuan.

Beijing snacks Chaogan President Xi also love to eat

What say Beijing tasty snacks, it can be really to count it, but recently , but there is a “burst red” network Oh , that is Xi Jinping, President of packages in the ” Chaogan ” ! Beijing Chaogan soup shiny red sauce , taste fragrant and attractive , below small and we simply introduced to it !

Beijing snacks _ Chaogan

Beijing Chaogan Introduction

Chaogan is Beijing ‘s characteristics snacks, by the Song “boil liver ” and ” fried lungs” evolved to the liver , colon , garlic, starch, starch and other materials made ​​with a ” shiny red sauce soup , liver sausage fat , rich and not greasy , thin rather than creek “features. Chaogan also in December 1997 was awarded the China Cuisine Association, the first national ” Chinese snack ” title.

Beijing Chaogan practice

[Material]

Broth 500g, liver 300g, garlic 100g, starch, ginger , onion , star anise, cooking wine , aniseed , pepper , cinnamon , bay leaves, soy sauce , salt , sugar , chicken , the amount

[Practice]

1, the liver flush with water for 10 minutes , then turn on the water for 30 minutes

2 , pot add cooking wine, soy sauce , sugar , onion, ginger , star anise, cinnamon, pepper , bay leaves to boil , lower liver and cook for 20 minutes, remove

3 , broth salt soak , rub , rinse it over and picking Feiyou , then add vinegar, flour, rub clean and repeated

4, the broth into the soup just boiled liver , the cook can use chopsticks to pierce

5 , the cooked broth cut into small pieces , liver sliced ​​, peeled and minced garlic , dried starch plus less bloody a paste

6 , into the pot of boiling water , broth under paragraph liver slices , boiled skim foaming , add cooking wine , soy sauce , salt, sugar and cook for 10 minutes

7 , pour water, starch , stir into a paste ( to keep stirring )

8 , add garlic , stir, and cook until you can smell the garlic
Beijing Chaogan practice
Beijing Chaogan practice

Chaogan is Beijing ‘s specialties , but also China ‘s ” Chinese snack ,” it is difficult to say the practice is difficult , like a friend you can try to do their own oh .

Chairman Mao, the great love of gourmet favorite dishes

What Chairman Mao ‘s favorite dish ? Addition to the well-known Pork, you know what ? Mao Hunan, a soft spot for chili , vegetables have feelings for my hometown . In addition, fire roasted fish , tempeh chili , etc. These gourmet dishes are alive Chairman Mao ‘s favorite oh.

Chairman Mao's favorite dishes - Pork

Chairman Mao’s favorite dishes – Pork

Chairman Mao’s favorite dishes to say , I am afraid that can not be a non- braised pork . It is said that , after Mao eat Pork entering Hunan First Normal in 1914 , every Saturday using it to ” a sumptuous meal .” But Mao does not like to eat soy , so after entering Beijing Mao Pork is eaten without sauce , oh.

Chairman Mao's favorite dishes - fire roasted fish

Chairman Mao’s favorite dishes – fire roasted fish

Fire roasted fish, one of Mao during his lifetime favorite gourmet dishes , not only delicious, but also easy to carry and store . Remove the fish offal, drying with a pot on the fire , after cooling to chaff, peanut shells, orange peel , sawdust and other smoked and baked , is fire roasted fish.

Chairman Mao's favorite dishes - bacon village

Chairman Mao’s favorite dishes – bacon village

Village bacon, just kill the big pig big unloading into eight , ten days immersed in the brine tank and a half months , and then wear a rope hanging on the kang , smoked with pine branches and chaff . Bacon in the village through the dark yellow , black and braved the oil , but it is one of Chairman Mao ‘s favorite dish alive , oh !

Chairman Mao's favorite dishes - lobster chili

Chairman Mao’s favorite dishes – lobster chili

Tempeh chili is a dish with a spicy , plus pastry peanuts, not closed nice , salty and spicy , fragrant soy seductive , no wonder Chairman Mao’s favorite .

Other favorite dishes Chairman Mao

In addition to the above mentioned Pork, fish, fire training , village bacon , tempeh chili and other dishes , as Chairman Mao also eat pig ears, dog meat, lamb, cod , peppers and other food .

Yu Bao Tuan cold case sent shock garment development Chuang “Three Off” will be freshmen

Dilemma: Up to now , Chaotianmen Chongqing send clothing boutique in the city of more than 300 businesses , losses accounted for 80 %, about 15 % of the basic flat , real earnings, but 5%.

The crux : a local chain seriously incomplete. 2 , ” no fixed abode ” , business four “wandering .” 3 , double designers worker shortage .

Breakthrough: Vertical integration : Earlier this year, more than 500 garment enterprises Chaotianmen boss BaoTuan founded a company named “Shang alliance” of the company, began a vertical integration attempt. The company has contracted with the Banan District in December this year , 3.5 billion yuan investment in the area along the zone Maliuchang build industrial park in Chongqing fashion . Meanwhile, for personnel training and the introduction of the difficulties , government departments have begun to lend a helping hand .

Fashion Industrial Park project is located in Chongqing Banan District maliu Industrial Park , covering about 1460 acres, is the largest western apparel industrial park . As one of the driving forces of this project the most positive in the first half of this year, representatives of business associations Chaotianmen market clothing to the fashion capital of Paris, Milan , and the local garment industry representatives were contacted . After the industrial park to be built , from Paris, Milan introduction of high-end designer brands , tailored for the Chinese market fashion , for the brand made from Chongqing to send clothing brand , in the last century, the late comeback to send clothing Chongqing in China influence.

At the same time , the fastest next year , Chongqing, more than 500 clothing brands will work together to enter the electricity supplier industry . As currently conceived , these brands will hold together set up a special page to send clothing Yu Jingdong , Taobao and other shopping sites , the overall recommendation to consumers high-quality, stylish clothing Chongqing local brands .

Yu- school clothing is experiencing the coldest winter in recent years .

Yu sent a copy of the statistics provided by the Association costumes , as of now , Chaotianmen Chongqing city clothing boutique send more than 300 businesses , a loss of 80% , about 15% was essentially flat , the real earnings, but 5%.

At the same time , a number of clothing boss began a career change. It is understood that Chaotianmen Chongqing send clothing boutique in the city , up to four fifty facade vacant.

Nevertheless, Yu faction apparel makers still choose to stick to believe in the future . They tease out the development of the industry around three ” crux ” , began a new round of “breakthrough .”

The crux 1 : Local chain seriously incomplete

“We do not worry about the order , there is no worry of supporting enterprise .” Chaotianmen market Garment Business Association president Wei Mou said , lack of local supporting industries , is one of the crux of the troubled Yu faction of clothing.

In the 1980s , Chongqing was the West’s largest textile base, but now need to be transported to the field every year and dyeing processing of the ” Chongqing made” textile surface materials, accounting for up to 85%. Even locally can produce cotton , linen fabrics , most of the field also need to ” born ” in order to meet the requirements of garment production , as high-grade surface materials, then more than 80% from the coast need to purchase .

In addition, like fur collar , wire balaclavas , zippers, feathers and other accessories , and even the most basic buttons and other garment production materials also need to purchase from the coast . Send candidates from material procurement to be shipped back to Chongqing, only one will make freight costs go up 5-10 percent .

Outside the freight, let Chongqing send clothing bosses headache there is still time .

Clothing is highly seasonal product , every season , who can be the first time the new “hanging out” , who will be able to seize the market , ” commanding heights .” If the majority of the fabric , DPM will need to field procurement , customization, from design to market to achieve high efficiency , it is a very difficult thing .

” Garment industry chain is very long , interlocking , which lack the ring will not work .” Fashion Association chairman Yu Song Xianyang faction , said the industry chain is not complete textile and garment industry is plagued Chongqing big problem for many years . In fact, the clothing styles , etc., self-designed clothes are not lost to coastal Yu faction .

The crux 2 : ” no fixed abode ” , business four “wandering ”

There is no standard , fixed scale plant is Yu faction garment enterprises , especially SMEs, another big bosses cor .

Data provided by the City Commission by letter , the current garment processing enterprises in Chongqing has more than 3,800 households, but the scale of 200 to households, of which 90% is the oldest settled Chaotianmen market wholesalers. These initially engaged in garment processing enterprises , most scattered along the south bank of four kilometers to Banan , or rent housing for factory farming , farmers rent land for either temporary plant . However, in the continuous expansion of the city in the background, constantly moving, the pain became common these companies .

Yi Lin , chairman of Chongqing chawol Merino Clothing Co. , said the plant for 10 years , he worked in six kilometers south coast , Koizumi and other places to move three times the plant. Every relocation , equipment , decoration must start over , a huge loss , but it did not count downtime losses.

Slavery is not moving chawol most frequently .

” Kana Lei poem” moving six times , ” Angie Antonia ” move four times …… Mu Wei told reporters : Only Chaotianmen , has its own brand , on a scale relocation of enterprises faced , at least there are more than 300 .

No fixed abode of “wandering ” state , so difficult to determine the centering Yu send clothing to do bigger and stronger . It is understood that there had been some of the city’s so-called Garment Industrial Park , but many apparel companies settled , only to find “taste” right: Once mature park surrounding environment , land value, they are almost invariably encounter ” burning bridges ” due to ” park upgrades ” and other reasons to be in disguise off.
The crux 3 : Designer workers missing double

No plane trees, hard to find Phoenix . Enterprise poor living environment , Careers naturally difficult.

Yi Lin said he once monthly 30,000 plus commission of preferential treatment , on to the next one in Shenzhen designer. The designer to the results of the workshop is located six kilometers seen later, went straight away . Such examples , Chaotianmen thousands of garment processing business owners almost have encountered .

Another grim reality is that , in addition to high-end talent , even an experienced garment workers in Chongqing also ” scarce goods .” Secretary-General of Chongqing Garment Industry Association陈尚福said , the local garment industry needs skilled workers gap , at least 1/3. In addition to the foregoing, the training of local personnel is also important to keep up with one : the lack of a local college or clothing college apparel department , only some secondary, vocational and other training institutions opened a sewing professional, but a skilled garment workers develop , you need at least six months starting from the feed mill .

The reporter found work in a local garment enterprises workers , mostly in the age 40 years or younger , there is no young people. Some business owners said that as work hard, day and night reversed , 80 , 90, after almost nobody is willing to do garment processing .

Breakthrough: Learning Laptop engage in vertical integration

Find out the crux , Chongqing has begun to find countermeasures to send clothing and put into action .

Mu Wei introduced at a Chongqing send clothing enterprise’s internal gatherings , several bosses laptop industry gossip Chongqing , Chongqing comes through the introduction of HP, Foxconn, “leading” , when a large number of vertically integrated supporting enterprises in Chongqing , a sudden burst of inspiration : garment industry can also be no introduction of a vertically integrated “leading” , then join together to create a ? !

Earlier this year, more than 500 garment enterprises Chaotianmen bosses hold together founded a company named “Shang alliance” of the company, began a vertical integration attempt. The company has contracted with the Banan District in December this year , 3.5 billion yuan investment in the area along the zone Maliuchang build industrial park in Chongqing fashion .

Union Industries Limited and Chairman Shang Tang were only introduced the fashion industry park in Chongqing , Chongqing will become not only the base camp clothing , also for the introduction of upstream and downstream enterprises to reserve space . By 2015 , there will form a ” research and design – procurement of raw materials – manufacturing – warehousing and logistics – event marketing – brand incubator ,” the whole industry chain cluster platform. By then, the troubled apparel industry Yu faction supporting deletion and movin problems will be eased.

For personnel training and the introduction of the difficulties , government departments have begun to lend a helping hand .

With the support of the City Commission by letter , the last in December , Chongqing Fashion Designers Association was formally established by the China Association of the famous fashion designer Liang Mingyu presidency . Liang Mingyu introduction , the association through a variety of clothing vocational training , technical exchange activities, carry out consulting activities such as costume design , costume design promotion and popularization of knowledge , the dissemination of advanced technology at home and abroad , and promote the development of the garment industry in Chongqing .

On the problem of the shortage of industrial workers , City Academy of Social Sciences researcher , said Chen Yue , Chongqing is no shortage of basic talent, many vocational , vocational , technical schools have opened clothing professional, but graduates have the opportunity to really work the local garment enterprises not much. Thus , in the case of a local garment enterprises difficult to find skilled workers ready , it may trade down , scratch nurture local industry workers.

Yu sent more than 500 costumes to hold together ” shock ”

Speaking of Chongqing send clothing , many people will think of many chaotianmen number of low-end apparel market those stores . Recently, the fashion industry park project in Chongqing , responsible person , the fastest next year , Chongqing, more than 500 clothing brands will enter the electricity supplier industry .

Fashion Industrial Park project is located in Chongqing Banan District maliu Industrial Park , covering about 1460 acres, is the largest western apparel industrial park . As one of the driving forces of this project the most positive in the first half of this year, representatives of business associations Chaotianmen market clothing to the fashion capital of Paris, Milan , and the local garment industry representatives were contacted . After the industrial park to be built , from Paris, Milan introduction of high-end designer brands , tailored for the Chinese market fashion , for the brand made from Chongqing to send clothing brand , in the last century, the late comeback to send clothing Chongqing in China influence.

At the same time , the fastest next year , Chongqing, more than 500 clothing brands will work together to enter the electricity supplier industry . As currently conceived , these brands will hold together set up a special page to send clothing Yu Jingdong , Taobao and other shopping sites , the overall recommendation to consumers high-quality, stylish clothing Chongqing local brands .

Expert advice

To hold together , but must cultivate leading brands

Speaking of ” Yu- school clothing ,” people will think of a ” day camp “, ” King of Trees “, ” paragraph in mind,” as the representative of men , “fiber “, ” Dream of the Poem” as the representative of women in order to ” George ” as the representative of knitting, sweater brand.

” But the real market recognized international brands , domestic brands are few and far between and even .” Secretary-General of Chongqing City Garment Industry Association陈尚福said, because fragmented, Chongqing currently 3,820 garment enterprises , the scale million just rare, affecting big brand power is even more rare. Even the oldest section in mind , the total number of employees is 600 people .

It is worth mentioning that the garment industry was one of the iconic light Chongqing , Chongqing is also proud of a business card. In the late 1970s early 1980s, Chongqing garment owners rely on exports to win. At that time , “Phoenix” , “Kowloon” and a large number Chongqing clothing to the country, to go abroad , “Chongqing -made” clothing was exported to 38 countries and regions worldwide , profits and output value was ranked fifth in the country .

However , when Yu- school clothing , the biggest advantage is that labor is the most mainstream of business rules amount to win. The initial venture in Chongqing private garment enterprises, establish a brand is not large attention. ” Chongqing clothing that most glorious era, local businesses, including some of the large enterprises , mainly do OEM for foreign companies .”陈尚福said.

“At present , Chongqing send clothing position in the country, like China ‘s position in the global garment .” Fighting brand marketing expert Li said in an interview with reporters , whether in the country or in Chongqing , the garment industry is a typical ” shrub , tree less . ”

He believes Chongqing send clothing to grow, companies can choose two paths . The strength of the companies can try a variety of platforms, such as stores, electricity providers , terminal sales made ​​directly to consumers, to grasp market trends ; SMEs can consider hold together to form the accumulation effect , the formation of a huge industrial clusters to enhance the overall competitiveness force , looking for more business opportunities.

Li Dou said Yu Bao Tuan established platform to send clothing company, is Chongqing send clothing childhood , scattered, weak of an opportunity to grow , but it must be done by a joint formal , form a real alliance as soon as possible , and cultivate a batch -known area leadership brands.

Chinese famous designer Huang Yong said that a lot of market research report, Chongqing send clothing in second and third tier cities account for a large market share. This is a good side , but if it only stared at the enterprise market share and profits, rather than long-term perspective , such a situation can never know for how long . Hurry establish Chongqing send clothing brand , will have strength, innovative designers and companies to international , is Chongqing send clothing out of the woods , to the powerful ” positive solutions .”

Observers say

Vertical integration is led by grasping the garment industry “a bid .”

How do meticulous precision , Chongqing garment industry bigger and stronger ? This is a troubled Chongqing clothing industry for years , and now with the industry hold together “vertical integration” to the essay , the natural concern and expectations.

By the 28 local garment enterprises to join hands to build industrial parks, integrated resource sharing platform , which accelerate the upgrading of the role of the garment industry in Chongqing , will be enormous . However, based on practical considerations , it is undeniable , as compared with the coastal economically developed areas, Chongqing garment industry in terms of business models , branding , or will in the development of ideas, leading fashion , are still in the backward position.

Know enough to know then backward . Pump wave afar , Chongqing send clothing can be summed up development experience over the country, to learn , after catching up with the advantage , play the ” Chongqing to create a” brand power . It should be said , pushing into the development of garment enterprises in Chongqing, the park was established , instead of ” going it alone ” mode, both the needs of enterprise restructuring and development , but also to respect the results of market rules . Grasping vertical integration , that is he gets the garment industry , “a bid ” by playing an active role in the allocation of resources in the market , the ” BUTTERFLY ” combined into a ” joint fleet” , and gradually promote local garment industry to large and small scattered weak strong evolution .

It is Stone Mountain

Shishi clothing city

Fujian Shishi clothing city casual clothing city in China , is ” Min faction” birthplace of the garment industry and distribution center , has been the spontaneous formation of a garment processing core of the textile and garment industry chain , covering textiles, dyeing and finishing, garment manufacturing , materials production , marketing and other fields , and become China’s casual clothing city of China Textile Industry Association, China National Garment Association awarded the first group , but also the first national clothing city in Fujian Province .

Molding and successful operation of Shishi clothing city of disunity within the region to effectively integrate the many advantages of resource type to optimize the industrial layout within the region , build and improve Fujian send clothing chain. Relying on the advantages of the lions of the industry , Shishi clothing city in order to enhance the competitiveness of industry and business standpoint , to develop operating characteristics , in order to expand the scale , the establishment of a local leisure apparel mainly various categories of clothing costume complete level professional wholesale market.

Keqiao Textile City

Textile City is located in Shaoxing , Zhejiang Shaoxing bridge , with a total construction area of ​​2.08 million square meters ( 560,000 square meters which was built ) , the operator of more than 10,000 households, 15,000 business premises , the basic rent of 600,000 to 700,000 / years . Operating more than 30,000 kinds of fabrics , daily traffic of 100,000 passengers , the products are sold to 173 countries and territories , permanent overseas representative offices 273 , resident foreign buyers of more than 2000 people, 2005 turnover of 27.6 billion yuan , is the country largest, most complete , up to operating varieties of textile distribution center of Asia’s largest textile professional market.

Operating around the Textile City , Shaoxing create a business service , business and leisure , logistics and other services supporting the full range ; to Jinkeqiao building as the core business services area , radiation county economic commerce service system, service system covering commercial and financial , exhibition information, catering guesthouse ; Guazhu lake to the core of business and leisure areas ; to China textile City International Logistics Center based global textile logistics center ; “the International textile Fair” based industry showcase and textile trade platform ; with “Global textile Network ” and “Online textile City” based information platform and online trading platforms ; “China textile talent market ” oriented textile professionals exchange platform.

Tiankai : domestic chemical fiber equipment and technical level highs again

December 30, 2013 , on the occasion of the first end of the year , the China Textile Industry Association , president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Tiankai to the genus Li Beijing Academy of textile research, visited Beijing in site visits in Laguna spinnerets , electrical , mechanical processing center , heat treatment, welding shop and spinning biphenyls box winder assembly line , a comprehensive enterprise listen developments since the “Eleventh five-Year” after the Beijing Li based on domestic and foreign markets , consistently enhance domestic chemical fiber equipment and technology , enterprises to achieve rapid development and remarkable achievements in chemical equipment into the leader of the highly positive . Tiankai president pointed out that fiber capacity and enhance the quality of our country , is the key equipment and technology advances , domestic chemical fiber equipment to focus on innovation , production process, and work hard to meet the needs of users , in the hope that Beijing Li -made chemical fiber equipment to further enhance the level of core technologies for contribute to the development of new industries do . China Textile Industry Association vice president Yang Ji-Chao , vice president of China Textile science Liurui Biao , Li Qingfeng other accompanying research study conducted .

Vice president of China Textile science , the general manager of Beijing with Li Qi Wen highlighted the “Eleventh Five-Year” enterprise development. Beijing in Korea in the full completion of the integration of new construction and relocation projects , while the face of fierce market competition at home and abroad , changes in business strategy , daring to explore India and other international markets , continuous technological innovation , have successfully launched various types of fine denier , ultra-fine Once spinning winding equipment , ITY -step set of spinning equipment, polyester, nylon monofilament yarn package parent equipment, industrial yarn spinning equipment series , spandex package of equipment , components, and has been successful twin -type walking in the forefront of international single row, double center ring blowing technique , precision winder winding technology. At the same time , companies strengthen internal management, system and mechanism innovation, a series of technological innovations by the industry and the national intellectual property licensing and incentives , spinning at high speed winding promote upgrading and updating the series has also been recognized by domestic and foreign users . At present , the success of the Beijing Li among the top three international markets , products exported to the United States , Russia, India and other countries and regions , the company continued to push forward in the internationalization of enterprises to upgrade and across development, and to achieve a sustainable and healthy development .

In the workshop , carefully watched the Beijing Tiankai president in Korea the latest original development of the international leading level of ” double center ring blowing” , “high-speed precision winding ” a number of independent intellectual property rights of high- patented technology production lines, while also interesting to visit Beijing in Korea in recent years have developed a non- woven products, including energy- saving LED lights, a detailed understanding of product development and enterprise user market car usage. Tiankai stressed that the development of modern enterprises must closely rely on scientific and technological progress , to establish a ” business-oriented , market-oriented R & D and market a combination of technological innovation system, insist on reducing energy consumption, improve productivity , enhance work closely with market demand market effective supply capacity , technological innovation and the rapid development of Beijing in Laguna , for the textile industry to make a contribution , I hope China Textile Academy , Beijing in Korea in the future on the development of high- technology equipment for the industry to do differential fiber new contributions .

It is understood that Beijing in Korea put into effect the scientific concept of development in recent years, and actively expand domestic and foreign markets, the implementation of quality engineering strategy , the focus on synthetic filament production equipment , making the series development, production, sales, service , walking the fine and path of development, from 2012 to 2013 the average annual investment in research breakthrough $ 50 million in upgrading infrastructure management guidance SASAC , the establishment of corporate personnel training and reserve mechanism , strengthen corporate brand culture to achieve the goal of rapid development , the income of workers steady growth , the company was awarded the ” central enterprises advanced collective” SASAC , the Ministry of human Resources and Social Security ; finishing classes by China Textile Industry Association , China textile ideological and political work in research grants , ” Hao Jianxiu national textile advanced group -type team .” .

Han even hand percussion stick

Even the car club , also known as the flower stick, stick the money , rattle . Is Manchu, Mongolian , Yi, Bai , Miao , Tujia , Han and other ethnic musical sound body shaking hit . Popular in the country, especially in northern China , Yunnan and South area rife.
Shape
With a thin stick or thin bamboo production, stick length 80 cm to 100 cm in diameter and 2.5 cm to 3 cm , 5 cm away from the ends to 10 cm, the opening of a 10 cm long , 1.5 cm wide , or three four shorter through the air holes , drill a small hole from the side as the shaft penetrates the nail , then were embedded forty-five small coins or small cymbals ( Figure ) . Shake flower sticks, coins or small cymbals crash while rushing sound hole wall . Flower stick coated with red, yellow , blue and other colored paint ornaments, tie the two ends stick thin strips of several colored silk ear , for decoration.
While playing , one- armed single stick , double stick can also be executed with both hands , shaking hit or strike pronunciation. Percussion parts of the shoulder , waist, back , arms, elbows , hands , knees , two and two stick with enough hit , coins sound vibrations can cause complex rhythm changes , and with a variety of dance. Higher skills can make it in the palm , shoulder or back , etc. rotation. Often by one person , several people or dozens of people holding a flower stick showed their dance. Is common in modern urban and rural folk dance performances . Northern said the car even hit the south , said playing money, nine sub- whip , Hunan and other places , said rattle . Also singing folk songs when performing form and liveliness. Man playing a single drum ( incense ) , also often used even when the car stick jumping shaman , it is both a dance , but also a musical accompaniment . Yunnan and southern Guizhou Miao Yi youth , multi- hit performances in traditional festivals money and use bronze drums and wooden drums and other musical instruments for accompaniment , respectively .

Han bowed instrument Zhuiqin

Zhuiqin , folk stringed instrument , also known as pendants, pendant strings, is a major musical accompaniment Henan opera pendant books . Yingge Liu about the book in the late concert (a kind of rap music ) Zhuiqin when holding a small three-stringed lute accompaniment of musical instruments , reform, develop into Zhuiqin . Zhuiqin speakers such as Banjo and smaller , drumhead by a python to Paulownia board, piano bar retains the banjo fretboard with horsetail bamboo bow -outs, had changed to become pull strings . Sound vigorous . Currently Zhuiqin mainly spread in northern Henan , Lunan , southern Hebei , Henan, especially the most popular.
Han bowed instrument Zhuiqin
Brief introduction
Zhuiqin , also known as ” sinkers ” Lvju Shandong , Henan QinShu main musical instrument in the band , also known as the main strings , but also for some folk music , dance music and other local opera music. In the late Qing Dynasty evolved from small three-stringed lute , popular in Henan, Shandong . Full of strong local color , loved by the people . Except for the opera and opera accompaniment , but also solo or ensemble.
Zhuiqin timbre rich, high-pitched , soft, but also can mimic a variety of unique sounds ( such as various animal sounds , human laughter, crying , etc. ) , is a very unique instrument. Henan rap ” pendant book” The main musical accompaniment , because a longer fingerboard, portamento most significant characteristics of singing can bring nuanced .
Player pull -outs Zhuiqin also hit bang foot fall festival , as the singer accompaniment. The beginning of this century, made ​​of small three-stringed lute reforms.
Structure with a small three-stringed lute , mahogany, rosewood system , length 90-95 cm . Piano bar , headstock , fingerboard still retains the original system . Speaker smaller sanxian piano drum slightly smaller , two Mongolian Indus wooden plate . Both sides of the headstock of the home one axis, Zhang two strings. Stand on the Bridge, horsetail bow string pulled between two outs . Given Zhuiqin four degrees more to the relationship tune a stringed instrument , often as a, d1, range from a ~ d3, generally have two and a half octaves.
Han bowed instrument Zhuiqin
History
Zhuiqin nearly a hundred years of history. Qing Dynasty, in Henan spread of ” Liu Yingge ” and ” Banjo hinge -book ” and other forms of rap music , the main musical accompaniment for them is a small three-stringed lute .
After a long playing folk artists practice , deeply plucked a small three-stringed lute and the singer’s drawl can work closely with the arts is difficult to meet the requirements .
Thus , some artists will follow the violin between the outboard and the small three-stringed lute strings wear a ponytail bow ( do keep in string resonance strings ) , used as a pull strings, received good results in the accompaniment , and then people call this instrument to “pull sanxian .”
Later, in the rap art have appeared as an actress , singer’s tone and timbre area have been significantly different, the instrument is tuned in order to improve and increase the brightness of the tone of the book to meet the needs of development sinker , and then again “pull sanxian ” the python face changed in Paulownia board and remove the strings .
Initially rap music ” sanxian hinge -book ” with a small three-stringed lute accompaniment , after the ” Liu Yingge book ” will sanxian to erxian , turn on the Mongolian piano drum python to thin Paulownia boards, pull -outs with horsetail bow , the beginning of fall into this piano .
Han bowed instrument Zhuiqin
Structure
Zhuiqin small three-stringed lute shape remains the same Qintong violin with four cylinder . Zhuiqin structure is basically the same and the small three-stringed lute , piano bar , headstock , fingerboard and pegs , still retains the shape of small three-stringed lute , piano resonance box drum slightly smaller than the three-stringed lute , two Mongolian to Indus wood sheet, using Jiang Wei bamboo production ponytail bow -outs, deep timbre .
Hu ‘s fall Qintong same tube with four violin , or hardwood with copper production, cylindrical , representing four violin stubby barrel length 8 cm , diameter 11 cm , the former Mongolian mouth to python . Piano bar and headstock shape sanxian, but the piano bar is shorter, smaller headstock , fingerboard wider. Played with the bow ponytail , pure tone , soft, elegant and lyrical tunes appropriate to the performance .
Qintong hardwood , mahogany or yellow Paulownia , eight square, the former Mongolian snakeskin mouth after mouth hollow border. Sanxian piano bar piano part is similar to the shorter dry . Total length of about 90 cm , cater to the fretboard , Zhang two strings, the strings immediately stand on the bow run in the string. With horsetail bamboo bow bowed . Range of about two and a half octaves. Hu fall pitched tone , soft, except for the accompaniment , but also for solo and instrumental ensemble.
Han bowed instrument Zhuiqin
Specification
Zhuiqin There are six kinds of specifications , the 1st Zhuiqin piano is the biggest fall , about 110 cm in length , 12 centimeters in diameter Qintong this fall mildly crisp piano sound , more suitable to imitate or shrill female voice singing birds , or other beautiful voice .
No. 2, also called the Little Zhuiqin beat piano , about 140 cm in length , 14 centimeters in diameter Qintong this fall piano sounds rough , deep, more suitable to imitate the male vocals, or rough beast roar like a tiger , lion etc., can also imitate the sound of percussion playing .
3 Zhuiqin also called professional piano , about 92 cm in length , 10 centimeters in diameter Qintong (typically 10.4 cm ) , Qintong length 6.8 cm , suitable for professional arts organizations play .
The 4th Zhuiqin also called treble piano , length 70-80 cm, 9 cm in diameter Qintong about Qintong length of 7 cm , clear pronunciation , suitable for use in rainy days .
5 Zhuiqin also called children Zhuiqin , 50-80 cm in length , Qintong about 8 cm in diameter ) , Qintong length of 6-7 cm , suitable for children to play.
6 Zhuiqin appreciate Zhuiqin are pure craft , about 30-50 cm in length , about 5 cm in diameter Qintong , Qintong length 4 cm , generally used only for the collection, not to play .

Make
Production piano bar
First produced piano bar to choose wood , generally made ​​of imported ebony and rosewood , drying , until the wood moisture is less than 2% , and then bonding stereotypes. Adhesive bonding , originally using a large swim bladder ( fish stewed in a gum ) or water glue, now is basically a chemical glue .
Tube system
Qintong was originally made ​​with hardwood , first made ​​a rectangle and then roll into a cylinder later , and now , with custom copper alloy of 62% copper rolled , with the purpose of copper alloys , primarily for clear pronunciation and there are lingering . Later rolled into a tubular welded , polished molding.
Skin
Qintong Mongolia on skin, originally adopted rainforest python skin , and now , with high quality Paulownia board instead of python skin, but this Paulownia , is the choice of the best sandy land in Shandong grown Sycamore . Before making the ground plate such Paulownia cut of about 2 mm thickness , soaked in warm water of about 40 degrees Celsius for 24 hours , taken out with a special adhesive can be affixed to the Qintong . Paste good Qintong , five days later , and other components can be ready .
Han bowed instrument Zhuiqin
Hanging string tuning
At both ends ( head and below the bottom of the piano ) piano bar mounting screws , screw placed between the ends of two strings , originally used to produce their own stringed , made ​​of silk with the special process, now the string is divided into two silver and copper chord chord ,
Silver chord sound soft and beautiful, large copper string toughness , pronunciation crisp and powerful. There are two strings , namely sub- string and old string , also called outboard and in the strings, the three sub- strings in general , crisp loud , old strings generally six shares , rough deep, piano bar generally four degrees tune a stringed instrument , roughly four sound area, many with ” duo , fat” is tuned in and ” repetitious , duo ” tune a stringed instrument , but no obvious signs , according to the string tension and adjust the player’s fingering tunes . Originally seat of your pants to be sound , and now needs to play well with the other instruments , with the tuner to be sound and more accurate.

Do bow
Selection of bamboo longer, about 1 cm in diameter , the length of high-quality solid bamboo 90 centimeters ( six months is generally born in Hsinchu ) as the bow rod through after cooking , two bent shape, drill holes at one end , the other end set automatically adjust the length of the bow hair screws ( no screws can also be directly tied at the top ) , followed by the installation of 60 ponytail around the bow , how many horsetail can follow Zhuiqin functional requirements for a given number .
Qin made ​​the
Originally selected with the same quality wood piano bar , piano bar lay in the hole , put into the production of a good piano . Now is the choice of the mechanical axis of copper , can mediate the string tension , more refined and beautiful. The original wooden piano melody strings mediation is coarse , with advanced copper axes can now be fine-tuned .
Do headstock
Piano bar with the same choice of wood, made ​​into a variety of styles headstock , according to customer requirements at any time change the pattern , there are dragon, phoenix, smug, horse , fish and other Chinese traditional auspicious patterns .
6 Techniques
Playing in the form of traditional Zhuiqin mostly Zilazichang , will fall into the leg while playing the piano , piano bar Anxian left hand , right hand holding the bow pull -outs . The Department bang on a plane , placed before the feet , wooden hammer blow bang stick one end fixed to the frame ( hammer rod movable ) , controlling the activities of the hammer stick at one end of the wire for the feet , when Zilazichang , feet rhythmically swinging strike plate to pull the rope .
Zhuiqin main techniques , the left bowing multi Longbow ( bow of soft and hard bow two kinds ) , half- bow , short bow , even bow, Broken Bow , Dayton bow, bow shaking , trembling bow , broken bow, bow rejection , double strings etc. ; characteristics due to the fall Kin Kin left arm length , there fingerboard, but the bit big move frequently, so portamento especially enjoyed the portamento , double portamento and other useful features.
In addition, there are dual common chord fingering , vibrato , tremolo , pizzicato , harmonics and so on. Modern famous folk artist , falling piano virtuoso has王殿玉, good simulation important factions in the famous opera arias actor .