Month: October 2013

Big drum is pulling strings , the shape of the erhu, so named because Qintong larger thicker , Hunan Flower Drum Opera ‘s main musical accompaniment , it is also known as hub big drum . It is also used in Changsha Sha Si strings, Qiyang minor accompaniment. This instrument piano bar , Qintong are bamboo , Qintong Mongolian snakeskin , two strings, played with a bamboo bow , bow tied ponytail. The reformed big drum , is now beginning to be used solo.

Instrumental Introduction
Big drum is prevalent in most parts of Hunan, pull strings , because the play in the hub of the main playing position , commonly referred to as hubs big drum . Hunan Flower Drum Opera originated in the Qing Emperor Kangxi about , Qianlong, big drum as its accompaniment of musical instruments in the folk already appeared , therefore , its formation should be earlier . History may not be as big drum banhu , jinghu so long , but as the opera ‘s musical accompaniment , during which experienced a long process of belonging .
Big drum history. Song formerly known ancient angle . According to the ” three powers plan would ” set: “Ancient wooden corner to whom , now with copper , which is also a variant of ancient corner of its fine wood , the end of the giant , the often satisfied in the womb , that is out of use for the military music . ” this large cylindrical system of records, folk and pop Yufeng Qing large cylindrical system is entirely consistent . Big drum is an ancient army of the horn , but also the ancient aristocrats and local officials honor guard of musical instruments. For a long time , big drum music this instrument as advocated in fengqing folkloric .
Big drum is fengqing Yi ( natives , Luo people , Li m people ) , Lahu , Han and other ethnic wind instrument with a lip shock , popular in the majority of the mountains.

History
” Big drum ” Ancient known as ” Old Corner” , the Song Dynasty scholar Chen chameleon in the ” Book of Music ” recorded “Ancient Kadomoto Hu Yue also …… ” Tang Dynasty poet Cen contained ” in the military Zhijiu drink to go off , the ancient angle lute and flute ,” the verse , indicating ancient horn began to spread in the Tang Dynasty , and is pulling strings in the West in general and plucked instruments .
Chen Yuan Liang Song Dynasty scholar at the end of “Things Lam Kwong Kee ” in this record: The Kang Ji Qin by the system, hence the name “Old Corner .” In the Song Dynasty scholar Shen Kuo “fill sketches and notes · Music Law ” and reads: “Xining , the palace feast, Jiaofang actor Xu Yan Ji played piano , and a string side into the wine must, Qin Yan is more difficult , with only one chord end of their song . ” instructions in the Northern Song era have a high level of playing . Xu Yan emperor ministers playing ” Ji Qin “, the broken a string , still with the other strings Zouwan song . No consummate skill is not. Later, Shen Kuo , ” which” , he also recorded ” horsetail angle with the ancient Eastern Han Qu Zi complain Chanyu sound . Shot to the bow Mo Yan , go wild now not sent .”
Yuan “Yuan Shi -chi ritual ” contained in the ” do not think of the ancient horn fiery , Gu Long’s first volume , erxian the transition with a bow , bow string to tail ” further elaborated the principle of making ancient angle . To the Ming and Qing Dynasties ancient angle has spread north and south, which becomes a folk opera and instrumental ensemble accompaniment of the main musical instruments . In modern times , the ancient angle was renamed big drum . Half a century, big drum playing level has entered the exuberant period.
After the founding of New China , ethnic , folk music has developed rapidly, in order to vigorously explore the artistic treasures of folk artists , folk artists of the big drum music after finishing the filling into the record so big drum performance art such as the rapid development springing up .

Shape characteristics
Big drum tradition in terms of shape right Qintong boots , Short two kinds . Barreled length of about 22cm-24cm, bamboo . Piano bar of wood , is shorter. Headstock into a crescent -shaped, about an axis of the home , without extremely heavy . Due mostly to do vibration python skin leather , therefore , pronounced relatively deep and vigorous . The Short length of about 16cm, Qintong , piano bar are bamboo , due mostly to do vibration cauliflower snakeskin leather , combined with the shape resembles jinghu , and the use of sorghum stalks do Bridge, thus pronunciation sharp , bright, full of features . Big drum sound muffled , huge volume , you can pass a few years, no fixed pitch. Constant ups and downs when hair blowing about difference was “buzzing ” sound.
And other types of development processes similar stringed into the 1950s, big drum in its original two traditional type system , based on the model developed gradually reform the system closer to the erhu new large cylinder . Featured available Qintong spun bamboo , bamboo tablets can also be used to fight the system , shape into six or eight square, Mongolia to snakeskin . Piano bar or use mahogany bamboo and silk strings from the original use steel strings . In order to maintain stable piano , an increase in the bottom Qintong bamboo or wooden pallet . From playing techniques are related to tune a stringed instrument similar to the erhu . In addition to a large extent maintained their original sound characteristics other than new large cylinder technology, skills development , undeniably entered a new stage of development norms .

Instrument structure
Big Barrel: also known as ” big drum hub .” The shape of the erhu, erhu barrel due Qintong larger than the thicker the name. Popular throughout Hunan Province , Hunan Flower Drum Opera ‘s main musical accompaniment . It has been 300 years of history.
A popular folk tradition big drum in two ways:
One is the ” Short ” type , piano bar , Qintong are bamboo , piano bar multi Xiangfei Zhu system Qintong using bamboo production, before the mouth of Mongolia to snakeskin tube , shape and jinghu similar wooden pegs Zhang two stringed with horsetail bamboo grass control or brown silk bow made ​​of pull -outs, pronunciation sharp , thin.
Another is “long barrel “, and up to 25 cm cylinder Jane piano , piano bar is shorter, with elm production, headstock shape is curved neck , so each set an axis , without extremely heavy , with the same tail bow outs, pronunciation relatively dull , vague , but there is thickness.
Since the 1950s , with the development of Flower Drum Opera , the reforms have made ​​new large cylinder , is about 82 cm , Qintong with thick bamboo Zhuhuang made ​​six square tube before the mouth of Mongolia to locally produced cauliflower snakes, garter snakes snakeskin , piano bar instead of red wood , Qin Ma Chikuma use by the sorghum rice straw production, use steel strings stringed and additions under Qintong bottom bracket .

Playing Feature
Playing big drum with flat -leg , rack -leg , standing three. Generally use the flat leg that sits right height stool or chair without armrests , legs naturally flat , heels natural ground, basically perpendicular to the thigh and calf , thigh form a planar , Qintong placed on the left leg . Square -leg to make player’s body has remained stable , conducive instrument performance into full play. In the ensemble, ensemble , accompaniment and other occasions generally have adopted this posture . Stand leg is highly suitable performer sitting on a stool or chair after , then left leg to the right leg, left leg still inside Qintong roots . Since the Qintong legged frame with the body increases the contact surface , so it is conducive to the piano remained relatively stable , thereby reducing the burden of holding the guitar left-handed , easy playing skills into full play. More commonly used in the solo occasions this position .
Standing refers to the left foot resting on a slightly higher stools, chairs or stones and other things on the right foot is still upright in the ground. Standing from the environment can , seats and other conditions, but the standing room only occasionally used for practicing , the show is generally not used in this posture .
Whether flat leg , rack , or stand- legged , Qintong plane should be placed in the left leg near the abdomen where the skin front end slightly skewed to the right , the piano should remain basically stable. For ease of transport means , piano bar can be tilted slightly to the left front , but not too much , or crooked to keep on doing jolts .
Bowed upper body to naturally relax , left shoulder should maintain a basic balance , the head should be upright , have facial expressions, body feelings and play music according to need to make a slight rhythmic swing , but must not be exaggerated, too , to make kind Gongyao hump, head wagging gesture. Or looked too tight , causing shrugging grin, head skew is not a natural phenomenon .

Optional instruments
Timber
From the timber , said top grade mahogany course, is a high density . Red sandalwood , rosewood , rosewood , ebony, wenge available , including rosewood top . Followed by the Ukrainian Young or new wood , other hardwood made ​​big drum can only serve as a beginner practice purposes.
Film
Big drum coating on the tube are Mangpi to bright color distinct scales pattern uniform, smooth with oily , thickness is moderate for the top grade . Python Bohou and Mongolia have elastic on the big drum sounds great influence too thick vibrations slow, too thin voice thin -prone noise ; Mongolia too tight , the sound is hard or loose Richmond partial collapse of the sound slow and easy , generally, with the new python Piemonte Qintong tight one o’clock as well , starting with leather rubbed one o’clock when vegetable oil , was finished after Qin Qin Ma pressed not to loose strings in the skin , after two months of daily pull -outs, Qin skin tension can reach elastic medium , then , need to prepare a length and Qintong horizontal surface is generally used long pencil piano chord below the rear frame in order to reduce the pressure of the bridge on the film , to keep the best film tension state. Also, as in the south to the north buy piano used to select partial leather tension loose ; share in the north to the south with the piano , to choose leather tension tight , dry climate in northern China , southern climate humid, film by climate effects will produce great changes.
Piano bar
Piano bar is a big barrel support to major tension with the strings , wooden definitely better , use a complete wood turnings into the middle is not a boil , not spliced ​​, otherwise , easily deformed fracture. Piano bar in the past are circular , with the widespread use of steel strings , string tension increases, to present to the bending of the flat generally circular cross -section shape if quail eggs , piano bar standard length is generally 830 mm , long piano bar easy to bend , then the string tension is too short not affect the sound.
Qin axis
Piano with full wooden shaft axis , turbo machinery shaft and screw type mechanical axis are three multi-purpose general industry Yu Xueqin mechanical axis , it has the advantage of tuning convenient, easy to run strings, but when choosing whether to check the production of precision , point to the appropriate use of a little sewing machine oil to prevent rust from moisture overflow buckle ran strings and other issues.
Fiddlestick
Big drum bow bow is composed of rod and bow hair bow rod is baked bamboo bow hair is a lock tail, from the lesser curvature of the curved bow pointed towards the bow at the roots of the tail , bow fish generally made of plexiglass or animal bones , fixed at the end of the screw is used to adjust the bow tight Masson , the entire bow rod pale saddle . Bow is the big drum played a key tool to pronounce , it greatly influenced the quality of the playing , the bow stem thickness , weight, length , although differ from each other , but they can not be too much , too light too soft and weak rules ; overweight is too coarse clumsy , sound noise ; too long the poor control ; too short to play long sound effect , therefore , generally 850 mm or so , the use of materials with old red bamboo, bamboo and water hyacinth bamboo reed river to a small section , thickness even for the top grade , bow tip and root bend the bow to moderate , it is difficult to control the bend too large ; bend through the small affected the flexible fingers grip the bow . Hair bow with white horse for the top grade . Select Bows addition to attention to speaking in front of problems, but also the tail comb is neat, and the tail is firmly connected to the outer strapping , many with newly acquired long before the bow can not be used due to de Masson is Bows in the purchase did not pay attention to this problem . In addition, when used to adjust as the climate changes of the elastic ponytail , fishtail after use to unscrew the rod to keep the bow in good condition . Mawei a grease stick to rub on rosin not , must not touch the tail to keep the bow hair clean . Rosin must use a special Huqin Song incense or violin bow hair rub on rosin , rosin can not be hot in the Qintong on doing so prone noise, pull the piano to rosin foam splash stick on the strings and the piano bar and the impact of change treble performance . The new bow is not easy to rub on rosin , can be used in a number of compacted crushed rosin on the bow hair , rosin should wash wipe , each not to rub too much , generally two to three hours after lyre wipe once appropriate.
Cento
Cento is a mat in Qintong following wood care by heavy hardwood , big drum with Cento after the piano is more stable in the legs , which greatly facilitates the next skill to play the position and increased volume.
Qin Ma
Qin Ma is the sound of the strings conducted to Qintong a key component of the quality of its pronunciation , volume, size plays an important role . Qin Ma materials produced many decades, people on the bridge for the production of a variety of tests , each has its own advantages and disadvantages , and now mostly use maple and pine festival produced Qin Ma , bottom round or oval , height of 1 cm, the bottom width of 1.5 cm, the upper horizontal width of 1 cm . Both Qin Mapu times that pronunciation soft , pure sound . Of course, the big drum pronunciation is good or bad depends not only on the bridge , wooden Qintong it good or bad, the film thickness, elastic , weather confront , air humidity, drying , heating and have a direct relationship . Thus, the bridge may rest more prepared several ( wood , bamboo , bone , plastic wait to different climatic conditions to be adjusted , as to the circumstances in which the piano with the horse, to make their own experiences. Abuts piano below horse must also plug in between the strings and the film with a small piece of cloth or blanket made ​​damper pad , it can solve the big drum of the ” wolf tone” , eliminating the large cylinder open sound , so concentrated , full, system tone pad thickness, size should be moderate , too thick will affect the volume , too thin does not work.

One kind of gun type
An ancient Japanese artillery : big drum ( large matchlock style )
Popular big drum in the Edo era , in the Warring States era were directly into the “big Lilium .” But both essentially the same, but the language has changed. In fact, well-known for the modern big drum term only appeared in the Edo period , which was originally intended specifically refers to this type of large-scale matchlock . Under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate in fetters accustomed to people accustomed to living things categorized, pigeon- like seat . Classification at the time of firearms , firing ten monme Lilium ammunition is known around the tube , and launch more than thirty projects is called the big drum of ammunition . But later the Japanese all the ancient big drum major firearms are used this title to a phrase summed it caused a lot of misconceptions . Monme is ” two ” of the simplified characters . Weight units ( Kanji ) , the equivalent of a money, weight 3.759 g . Large firearm is commonly used “eye” , but also through monme .
Because the use of matchlock firing type structure , so although some large caliber barrel very large , equivalent to a small cannon , but its essence remains the same with Teppo By pulling the trigger to firing . Relatively large volume of the cannon barrel is much smaller , but it is not the power of the weak , so the production lot. Big drum after being eliminated by history also tend to be welcomed as collectors’ items , save a lot, and the relevant information is also quite rich .
With one of the big drum as weapons , but also by the time their favorite warrior , produced many famous works . Saeki clan name first generation potential Shou Gao Zheng Mao Coreli have four precious big drum : “no saint” ( length 281cm), ” four Hyperion ” ( length 282cm), ” Yan devil” ( length 278cm), ” thou ki wind ” ( length 201cm). In three hundred years into the Edo period , the more is the development of a lot of different style of the big drum . Even appeared big drum unit on wheels to increase mobility practices.

Tamboura is a popular Kazakh folk stringed instrument . Speaker is made ​​of pine or birch , or flat or scoop -shaped, slender piano bar , above the 8-10 grade , two stringed or steel strings , you can play the three to eight degrees and tone.

Brief introduction
Dongbula , also known as the East does not pull , East Bula , is Central Asia ‘s Kazakhstan, Norgay , karaoke and other ethnic traditions Cal Poly grams of plucked instruments , in Kazakhstan and China is particularly popular in Xinjiang Kazakhs . Piano bar slender, scoop -shaped and flat speakers have two . Generally made ​​of pine or birch , neck refers board, past wooden chop into a multi-use whole . There are holes on the speaker to pronounce , Zhang two gut strings , piano and strings with gut taste. Kazakhstan ‘s traditional musical instruments .

Dongbula volume
Dongbula volume is not large, but awesome . The basic approach is to play play with pick, generally playing for a remake , pick for pat . Use Dongbula different playing techniques to visualize the performance of grassland gurgling springs , crisp bird , jubilant sheep and horse hooves , etc. spanking . Fingering with a bomb of a challenge, two bombs two pick, two bombs a pick, a bomb two pick, legato , pizzicato , etc., can also play overtones, portamento , and audio ( outboard within the chord melody played with and sound ) . Playing strength and speed can be varied in many ways . Particularly appropriate performance fast music. Dongbula Kazakh people playing and singing is a favorite art form , both for the singer to sing , can also be used for solo or ensemble of instruments , expressive very rich. And it is lightweight, easy to carry , suitable for migratory grassland indefinite life , so loved by the people .
Kazakh musician on Dongbula reformed , increasing the quality, use steel strings , expanding the range and increase the volume. Made with high bass different Dongbula . If four of the highest grade twelve string sound Dongbula , four treble strings fifteen products Dongbula , erxian thirteen or fourteen goods alto Dongbula , erxian seventeen goods tenor Dongbula and ten other goods bass Dongbula .

Species
Dongbula wide variety , mostly hewn from solid pine or birch , fine carving, mosaic appearance. Speaker , there are two forms: one is a triangle , with modern poet named after Abai , called ” Abai Tamboura ” ; One is oval, with Kazakh folk Aken Jiang Boolean named , called ” jaunpur Dongbula . ” Two kinds Dongbula , different in shape and tone also has its advantages. Made with gut strings , the majority of two , there are three roots . Now use nylon wrapped gut strings instead of steel strings , and increase and the use of copper grade .
Dongbula playing strength and speed changing, especially for the performance of fast music.
Kazakh musician , right Dongbula reformed , increasing the quality, use steel strings , expanding the range and increase the volume. Made with high bass different Dongbula . If four of the highest grade twelve string sound Dongbula , four treble strings fifteen products Dongbula , erxian thirteen or fourteen goods alto Dongbula , erxian seventeen goods tenor Dongbula and ten other goods bass Dongbula .

Playing
Playing Dongbula the piano oblique placed his arms, according to the string piano left hand , right hand plucked . Anxian left hand , the multi- finger and thumb , followed by the middle finger and ring finger , little finger is rarely used , right hand with the index finger and thumb plucked main remaining three fingers less , and sometimes play with paddles . Generally played outside chord melody , chord for chord within the background, sometimes contrary, it is often used simultaneously inside and outside the chord melody .

Legend
A
Long ago, the Kazakh people living close to a forest where lived a peaceful nomadic life . Results forest, there is a ferocious blind bear, often ran out of harm shepherds and livestock , so that people no peace , the King sent several batches of blind bear hunters are hurt .
King’s son named ” Dongbula ” , he asked his father to let him go beat blind bear, because her father does not agree, Dongbula privately with bows and arrows, animal trap bears go blind , and with the blind bear carried out a vigorous struggle , killing blind bear , and he is killed. When the prince found the bodies of herders , they all broke down in tears , who did not dare to tell the news to the king .
Then a man named Akon old herdsman stood out , volunteered to meet the king. The king asked him: “Do you know what the prince ‘s whereabouts ? ” Pointing to a tall pine Aken said: ” Your Majesty , it knows the whereabouts of the prince .” King said angrily : “Tomorrow it if you do not tell me, I ‘ll kill you ! “smart Aken help the herders , and cut down a tree branch of a tree, the night made ​​into a fine musical instrument , the next day before the big forest steppe , and with the sound of the piano sing Prince feat , talk to the Prince of reverence and nostalgia .
Pieces in pines , the roar of a prince , a blind bear whine , there are also people sad sob grasslands , the King listened to music, grieved, the instruments are made ​​of pine sad news of the prince told the king. Piano while forceful and passionate, while keyed mildly, while phonological sonorous , while another Ruqirusu …… Since then, the Kazakh people have their own instruments , to commemorate Prince , people with ” Dongbula ” to name the instrument name, and playing and singing folk singer would Dongbula called ” Arkansas .”

Two
Tamboura is beloved Kazak musical instruments, its origin , there is a beautiful story .
Legend, long ago , there is a brutal prairie Khan . Like savage with his son for his birthday before organizing a hunt 50 missing , Khan commands the palace servants must within three days to find him, who brings bad news , who will be filling his mouth aluminum water filled with people punished .
A young rider in a Hu Shan Khan found beside the body of his son . He found an old prairie smartest shepherd and asked him to help ideas , old pondering for a long time , and finally came up with ways : as long as no mouth to say , you can escape the cruel punishment . I saw him from the front of the house under a tree , according to the best two thin wood , slaughtered his own horse, horse drawn two long leg tendons .
Sheet and the elderly will be a long tendons made ​​a magical instrument. Looking Khan led his son’s horse went straight to the palace servants . Came to the palace , Khan sat on his throne , arrayed in a central palace aluminum water pot filled with people . “You brought me prince’s news? ” Savage howling Khan directed at the elderly . Musical instruments out last night rushed to the elderly against Khan bounced .
Poignant music truthfully about what happened. Khan listening to rage, to punish the old shepherd , the old shepherd told Khan looked calm , sound is Dongbula my hand , if you want to penalties for the punishment of it .
Irrational Khan , the command samurai penalties old shepherd , picked up the old shepherd sang a heart Dongbula long-buried indignation .
Song of the elderly servant who had all raised his head, the chest upright palace warriors , followed the elderly sing together . Singing as volcanic eruptions , Khan suddenly lost its former majesty , he was angry voice scared paralyzed from the high throne and fell , and fell into that Dingfei aluminum pan inside . This is the first song Dongbula , since then, they pop open grasslands hearts of the peoples of the Kazakh partner – Dongbula .

Three
Tamboura is Kazakh folk instruments . Generates about it , living in the Kazakh region , spread with a beautiful folk tale .
It is said that in ancient times , the Kazakh Khan ( King ) with a beautiful princess, has reached the age to marry . Khan, a minister for the princess intends to propose to marry Khan , Khan agreed. However, due to the age gap , the princess does not agree, but not good sweat talk to the parent . Princess maid is very clever ideas for the princess said: “You talk profusely , who will find the singing tree , you will marry .” Khan finally accepted her daughter’s advice , posting notices nationwide , three months limit. Although ministers who are dissatisfied with this heart , but not openly oppose .
A month later , Bo Yang dare expose notices . One day, a young hunter passing through the city, see the full of people, talking about, so I drove carefully read the contents of the notice , I thought: Since there will be singing tree , even walked away, but also to find it. He stepped forward resolutely peeled off notices .
Hunter was taken to Khan’s palace guards . Princess Lianhou see handsome young hunter , Dunsheng affection. Khan, the father of the princess and hunters proposed to meet the requirements of the Minister from which you want to stop, but could not justify . Princess and hunters finally met in the back garden . Princess to the hunter ring as a gift tokens , Hunter vowed to find a singing tree , her father for her .
Young hunters traveled deep forests , but did not find the singing tree . Seeing period to come, hunters both anxious and sad. That night , the hunter had a dream , snow old man told him: ” encountered difficulties , people should ask for advice .” Hunter hurried down the mountain. Kazakh nomads knew he was exposing yellow standings youth, regarded him as a hero , have come to visit . When he learned that deadline will come for him anxious. To encourage hunters to quickly find the singing tree , kill the sheep herders entertain him. People kill sheep gut feels that she draped over the side of the sub- tree . I did not expect this child to the hunter gut brings hope .
After the banquet , hunters increasingly depressed and melancholy , they walk in the woods . Suddenly, one kind of never heard the sound reached his ears. Everywhere you looked, we saw a few dried by the sun , tight on the trunk gut child , trembling in the breeze and audible. He struck gently with your fingers a few times, actually sent a very beautiful voice . Hunter epiphany: Is not that what they seek in a tree singing it ?
Young hunters trunk sawed off , cutting back into a portable long scoop -shaped , and then dried gut several sub- fixed , made of a new instrument. This is the instrument , Kazakhs who later called it Dongbula , meaning singing trees.
Hunter embrace singing tree , the princess will be compiled infinite yearning lyrics, knocking to even play with singing . This wonderful and nice music, such as locks of gossamer , through the woods , drifting grasslands. Herders all came to listen to music. We have been in this angelic piano intoxicated , but also for hunters to find a tree singing and happy , have expressed readiness to Beijing together to congratulate the hunter princess dream has come true .
In the capital , the Minister met with the young hunter alone . He is very jealous of the success of the hunter , the rhetoric will be singing tree Piandao Shou , and excitedly went to Khan . Khan let playin minister , he was a panic . Because he did not know how to play .
Minister found the princess heard singing tree , can not help but secretly crying . Maid said: “The minister never left the capital by step , how is he looking for ? If he found , and why they will not play ? ” Princess listened to feel justified , then let the maid eviction will find that we truly find singing tree people . People say this is a young hunter. After the princess knew extreme joy.
Minister see a meter minors , gave birth to a meter, ordered to trumped-up charges will be arrested and imprisoned hunter .
Princess by the Minister is not the time in prison to see the young hunter. Hunters miss the singing tree was very ashamed. Princess hunter hands stroking the ring, he must recapture encourage singing trees.
Minister for the singing trees themselves, coercion Hunter taught him playin approach. Hunter said no singing tree , what shall I teach How about you ? Minister Think also, they brought singing tree , gave it to the young hunter.
Young hunters re- embrace the hand singing tree , think of their own hardships and princess looking for it on their own friendship , extremely rich to sing while playing together . Then the princess driven to , listening to this Sound like Song of length of the piano and singing , could not help the tears rolling down the cheek to Pu Susu .
Minister seeing angry , actually ordered to hunters beheaded. But the warriors listened to this touching music, not only risking disobedience against the hunter escorted out of the prison .
Young hunters and beautiful princess finally won freedom and love. They a piano to sing the tree — Dongbula , a singing heart songs, both leave the capital, went to the vast prairie .

Akon playin
Akon playin rich cultural heritage of the prairie . Dongbula accompaniment of singing, imbued with a strong national temperament , personality, and the pursuit of ideals , exudes a rich flavor of life and regional customs . There are a lot of lyrics proverbs, parables, sage words , wise and popular , alert and humorous , lively and funny, plain condensed , easy to understand .
Some subtle and intrinsic playing tunes ; others exposed while unrestrained ; some calm and lingering ; some rough and tough, combines elements of Eastern and Western music , history and reality of Kazakh nation a true reflection of the spiritual world . Lyrics and melody harmony , flying in the vast grassland, thus forming a ” song and horses are the two wings of the Kazakh people ,” the portrayal and from birth to death , ” singing to sing out” ethnic characteristics and culture .
Legend to fill gaps messenger . Dongbula with simple lightweight construction , build the voice of Wan Lai satisfied world , vividly convey the prairie special musical language , expressing the Kazakh people’s joys and sorrows and joys and sorrows . In a class society , along with the shepherds Dongbula flowing piano bonfire , along with Akon passionate uneven tone , telling the grasslands resentment and bitterness .

The difference with the hot wap
Origin of the differences:
Hot wap Uighurs and Tajiks are playing stringed instruments . Circulating in Tajik called La Bubu . Fourteen to fifteen centuries has occurred . Included four Yue Qing .
Dongbula , Kazakh stringed instrument playing , playing and singing music Xinjiang region is an important accompaniment of musical instruments .
Composed of different structures :
Hot wap speaker hemispherical , wood, Mongolia to python , Zhang five metal strings , multiple timbres ( hot wap frets reform may be more to twenty-six ) .
Dongbula speaker of wood , there are two kinds of flat and scoop -shaped , covered wire wrapped around the piano bar with nine grade , Zhang two strings. After the liberation, Dongbula after the reform , increasing the quality, use steel strings , the range was expanded at the same time increases the volume. Made of high and low Dongbula , erxian thirteen or fourteen goods alto Dongbula , erxian seventeen goods tenor Dongbula and ten bass Dongbula other products . High , midrange Dongbula tone and bright, crisp , skills and flexible.
Playing in different ways :
Hot wap sound louder and more for ensemble and accompaniment, also used as a solo instrument . Solo piece for the Maqam or folk tunes, now there are many new solo works appeared .
Xinjiang region as an important accompaniment of musical instruments playing and singing music , Dongbula can play the three degrees , four degrees , five degrees , six degrees and eight degrees and tone. Volume is small, generally used to sing , solo and ensemble .

Music
Spread in the folk music of more than 200 Dongbula first , in which the horse up as a theme song . Followed by the description of hunting , praise the beautiful mountains and rivers , and reflect young men and women love life . Liberation occurs more outstanding solo of ” climax “, ” love the motherland “, ” Yanan Song ” and ” Ili wave “, etc., Concerto has ” beautiful Baerluke Mountain” Modern with “My Dongbula ” ” white island “, ” home” , “the girl ‘s gentle ” and so on .

Bau , reed instrument , also called ” the black ” , popular in Yunnan Yi, Miao , Hani and other ethnic groups . Hani said, ” all over ,” Yi said, ” than Lu ” or ” Uul ,” Dong said, ” worship” , commonly used in solo or accompaniment for the dance and rap . Bau more varieties , in Hani, a single tube, double tube of the points, because bamboo length, thickness differences , as well as treble, midrange and bass Bau of the points.

Brief introduction

Bau , is a copper bamboo reed instruments , reed for the tongue . The Yi , Hani , Dai, Wa , Blang , Miao and other ethnic wind instruments . Local Yi called ” and Fei Limo ” Hani called ” Meba .” Bau is prevalent in southwest China Yi , Miao and other ethnic Hani single reed wind instrument , Bau use made ​​of bamboo , with eight finger holes ( front seven after a ) , in the mouthpiece disposal a sharp tongue-shaped brass reed , playing transverse blowing top , vibrating reed sound. Bau volume is small but mellow sound , the southwest region of people call it a talking instrument . Bau popular in Yunnan Honghe , Wenshan , Simao and Xishuangbanna , Lincang , Dehong, Guangxi melt water , Qiannan of Guizhou Province and other places . In the folk who dominated by a single tube , double tube also merged , known as binocular Bau . The traditional way of playing are blowing straight . Common range of no more than eight degrees . Bau sounds very soft and sweet, like one pair of lovers in love with nothing to fall back enlightened , low v. Zhongchang , so every evening , Yi, Hani, Hmong youth in love when used it to express their inner feelings , passing affection.

Historical legends

In the Red River area south Ailaoshan Hani folk circulating on the Bau – an old story: the long long ago , in the south bank of the Red River Ailaoshan area, Hani there – bit pure, beautiful , kind-hearted girl Mei Wu , and handsome , brave, industrious young man in love Pak Chong . They vowed to live as like twigs and leaves accompanied stockade all who praise and envy them . This thing is the mountains greedy devil knows. I must take people dance when the girl drove gust looted , and he forced the girl to get married , the girl afraid of the devil coercion and inducements , always unyielding , silent.
Then the devil angry, fierce miserable to deprive her tongue , and she was thrown into the deep forests . Girl miss the heart of the lover, all day wandering in the mountains between the victims , the days passed . One day, a bird fairy woods title to the girl’s tongue and a length of bamboo, bamboo let the girl into his tongue inside , telling her “Bamboo will help you speak .” So Fangniang blew the bamboo , issued a beautiful music , lovers express thoughts and complaints against the devil . Panasonic spread to Pak Chong ear , passing through numerous young man , the girl rescued , back to their loved ones around, to regain happiness. Later, people with two first names Screenshot to tail , giving this piece will speak instrument named Bau . Since then, generations Bau cottage in Hani spread .
In the old branch of the NIE Su Yi people , with such a legend : In ancient times , there was a deaf mother died , he was overcome with grief , can not use language to express sorrow. One day , he found a length of bamboo with bug eyes , a blow on the mouth , sent a deep sadness sound . He thought, bamboo poles can be made sound , to more than a few holes to dig it ? So he used a knife on bamboo equidistant dug several holes , and she sent a cadence of sound . He listened , ah, ah blow , and finally blown bamboo will ring with his remembering his mother ‘s mood. Since then, this will ring the bamboo , Yi said non Lane handed down a musical instrument . Bau legends about the origin of a lot also , they show wisdom Bau is the peoples in the labor inventions .

The development process

Traditional Bau , a narrow range , the volume is small, but elegant tone . In each nation , often used to accompany dance and rap , but also for solo. Hani people carry , the elderly and young people who like playing . Hani and Yi young lad . Bau used to play songs . In Yi, or in the evening when people are sheep often play Bau .
After the liberation of several decades, the development of Bau reform has been going through reforms to key Bau Bau in maintaining the traditional deep mellow tone of the premise, to expand the range , volume, and also adjusted slightly , able to turn four tune , to play the various portamento , playing sounds, spit , tremolo , flying fingers, wiping techniques such as tone sounds . Bau creative repertoire and more open , it can not only play traditional local style tracks, but also transplanted foreign music, such as Japan’s ” Northern Spring ” and so on .
In recent decades, Bau by professional workers continue to reform , sound the same, range expansion of the volume increase , suitable for playing broad, lyrical tone. Ensemble , it can also serve as high music with bass bridge.

Instrument Features

In private, Bau commonly used in solo, ensemble or dance and narrative songs, rap accompaniment . Although Bau narrow range , the volume is small, but it is a unique national style, high national colors, playing together , such as resentment , such as curtains, endured , such as complaints , lingering curl, hanging by a thread , by the Hani and Yi people loved. Hani everyone to carry, the elderly and young people like to use Bau to express affection or recall the past. Yi like to use two cohomology Bau Unison or playing .
The south bank of the Red River Yi compatriots living , often in the collective dance activities, with Bau and Zhumiao , straight, small three-stringed lute , banjo and other instruments Konoha ensemble together to dance featuring rich accompaniment . Especially unmarried young lad , commonly Bau to play songs, and girl “speak” , pour affection. Bau has a song to sing , said: “When I blew the Bau , you know ? I tell you , take it to go tap tap is knocked off the leaves , and do not let it fall on the soil surface , in order to is kept secret if Grandma future disagree. then too late, too late Yeah, I share her heart had been so closely linked to the Bau this . ” in the Yi, or in the evening when people are sheep often playing Bau . Songs with “play ,” “The invitation tune” and so on.

Musical Instrument Type

Bau more varieties , in Hani, a single tube, double tube of the points, because bamboo length, thickness differences , as well as treble, midrange and bass Bau of the points. Yi Bau , a vertical and a horizontal blow blowing two kinds of rough and elderly cross tube body blow ; thin and shorter vertical wind . In Mengzi region abo person ( Yi branch ) , it is also spread a double tube Bau . Wa Bau , tube length 25 cm, above opened 7 ( n 6 back 1 ) sound hole near the sound hole of the tube body, are engraved chevron ornamentation .
Bau because bamboo length, thickness are different. Specifications can be divided into treble , alto , bass Bau three. Treble, alto Bau , tube length 30 cm -50 cm , diameter 0.8 cm to 1.4 cm, bass Bau -80 cm tube length 60 cm , diameter 1.6 cm -2 cm . 1.5 cm away from the closed end wall cm -2 , there is a rectangular open blow hole , the hole of 2.4 cm- 3 cm, width 0.7 cm hole cm -l .
Double tube Bau , also known as binocular Bau . Yi single reed instrument gas alarms . Popular in Yunnan Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture , old , Mengzi , building water and other places. Bamboo tube body by two shape, pitch identical single-tube vertical blowing Bau banding together side by side . Multi- tube body finer No section bamboo tube production , tube length 20 cm , diameter 1 cm , tube -shaped body repair whittled square chopsticks or two adjacent wall flattened . There are six pairs of front opening round at the sound hole , pitch equal . In the upper end of the nozzle insert a length of bamboo as a reed pipe . Reed pipe length 4 cm , diameter 1 cm , left on bamboo , under the port communicates with the tube body , front reed bamboo skin will flatten in the next section carved out a long 3.5 cm wide and 0.3 cm bamboo reed tablets, spring tongue upward.
The two upper , middle and lower three banding securely with string . There tube body with eagle leg , geese leg or silver twin Bau . Eagle leg which made ​​double-barreled Bau , tube length 17 cm , on the opening six pairs of round by the sound hole , missing the insert length of 3.7 cm long bamboo reed pipe system , engraved bamboo reed , reed tongue upward. Bone or silver twin Bau mostly ritual, for museums or private collectors collection.
Double tube Bau crisp and bright tone , volume bigger. Commonly used in solo or accompaniment to folk songs and dances . Songs with “slaughter festival Mo ” and so on .

Construction Production

Bau shape like a flute , bamboo , in the past the closed end wall , there is a rectangular open mouthpiece , tube body eight holes after a former seven and 45 degrees with the mouthpiece . Tube top with copper reed ( earliest Bau , mouthpiece tops are bamboo reed , and later changed to brass reeds , 0.2 to 0.25 mm thick, thin copper making ) , horizontal blowing top , vibrating reed tablets and pronunciation , beautiful tone .
Tube body with a thin bamboo , bamboo system, the bottom ( or right ) opening , the top ( or left ) to stay bamboo or cork closure . Rectangular top wall opening mouthpiece, a rectangular bamboo stick with beeswax or copper reed , reed tongue triangular , with fine contempt preparation activities spring sets. Tube body opening eight holes ( front seven after a ) , with the mouthpiece at a 45 degree angle . Some in the bottom end of the sound hole to open two to four .
Bau production is relatively simple , take a period of about 26-28 centimeters bamboo , at the upper end of the proximal side of the triangle embedded on a copper reed , bamboo drill to open eight by the sound hole , can send six one to nine tone . Yunnan ethnic instruments made ​​of wood production division Young acoustic tube Bau , with purple oil wood , copper socket set .
This instrument is very strange, it ‘s like Han Xiao bar , but it is cross- blowing ; say it like Han flute , but no flute sound crisp . This is mainly because it is at the top of Chukou security of the two copper reed flute instead labeled as bamboo membrane , so the volume is not large . Common Bau length 30-60 cm . Range : Treble Bau f1-g2, alto Bau b-c2, bass Bau f-g1.

Way of playing

Bau is a very ethnic musical instruments , commonly played lyrical , wide pitch , but also playing skills and strong cadenza . Ensemble sound when Bau and other instruments together easily . Bau and reeds from the tube body composition . Bamboo tube body . Hani people make more use of bamboo , due to the local climate is mild and humid , are generally not crack and deformation , to be slowly dried bamboo skin will be white.
Bau use made ​​of bamboo , there are eight press Kong ( front seven after a ) , mouthpiece mounted a sharp tongue-shaped brass reed . Playing transverse blowing top , vibrating reed pronunciation . Bau smaller volume , range is narrow, but the mellow sound , commonly used in dance accompaniment , solo .
Playing, rough and elderly cross tube body blow , thin and shorter vertical wind . Reed mouthpiece with vertical , horizontal blowing the reed set two lips , right index finger , middle finger, ring finger , respectively, by two horizontal three holes on the left hand index finger , middle finger, ring finger , respectively, under cross by two three-hole , inflatable drum spring press hole pronunciation , air vibrating reed and air column resonance excitation tube , playing with tonguing methods have portamento , playing , tremolo , wiping tone , arpeggio , flying refers to other techniques available circulating ventilation France played a long time when the notes.
Blow holes around the edge of the flattened , with beeswax paste on a copper barbed reed . According to the size of the hole blown multi- reed frame size , generally should be slightly smaller than the spring box. To protect the spring tongue , commonly used two thin bamboo sticks set in the spring box on both sides , leaving only a slit as blow holes. And some with a fine Zhumie leather woven into the activities of a protected spring tongue ring sets, playing when it removed . Tube body has opened eight ( after a former seven ) round by the sound hole . Horizontal blowing Bau , sound hole and blow hole is not a straight line, while a 45 degree angle . There Bau opened at the end of a tail sound hole .
Reed is an important part of Bau , civil earliest use of bamboo reeds , and later improved for the use of brass ( 62 or 68 instruments copper ) production, can also be used alloys of copper, phosphor bronze or brass artillery shell production. The thickness of copper reed is particularly important and should not be more than 0.03 cm , thick forging who must use thin . The growth of copper cut 2.5 cm wide o.8 cm rectangular green sheet , and then with a sharp knife on it – carve sharp triangular tongues . Tongues may be increased according to the size , in F major , for example, the tongue length 1.7 cm , width 0.25 cm tongue , engraved after a good spring tongue Liping , bottom water sandpaper rubbed off burrs , then stir tongue , making it Alice high 0.15 cm , reaching tongues with tiny yellow frame gap , free vibration unobstructed.
Reed tuning the most critical , spring base of the tongue is thick , middle and thin tip should be mounted on the side while scraping on Bau audition to high sensitivity, beautiful tone , pronunciation of each well coordinated better. Reed pitched itself is different to increase the pitch of the reed used Bau also varies . Should normally be below the five -octave increase , such as F tune Bau , the reed should be sent l B sound . Reed pitch allowed swimming minor second range, such as the reed tone increased to four degrees below the sound , it is necessary to base sound hole after the wrong location or the use of the nozzle , to make CDCC sensitive, and bright. Sheng Bau and fellow reed instrument with the system , but the reeds are different. Sheng is a spring made ​​a per tube tone , reed tongue is rectangular ; Bau is a one spring made ​​nine tones, spring tongue is a sharp triangle , and tongue tilt. Although the free vibration can be done , but the tone is fundamentally different, if Bau change over the reed , it will not emit a strong and mellow tone.

Introduction songs
Creation Bau solo are: ” Fishermen “, ” spring to prairie “, ” Reaches the Border song “, ” Spring Lake “, ” Dai girl selection busy” , ” beautiful border ” and ” Red River anthill Shi Song Dance” , etc. . Yantie Ming composer of ” Fishermen ” , the basic tone collected from Yunnan Honghe Hani and Yi folk music, tunes fresh and beautiful , to express the frontier peoples praise for a new life .
There are well-known traditional songs Yi ” about tune,” Hani ” string field “, ” the voice of the evening ,” Miao ” exotic “, ” dating” , Dai ” blanket little tune” , “praise Ha tune,” ” Mans Bazi tune” and so on.
9 learning methods
Basic Training
Bau is a traditional Chinese folk instruments in a very unique wind instrument , popular in Yunnan Hani, Yi, Miao area , is a single- reed pronunciation horizontal blowing musical instruments, like flute shape , mostly bamboo , but also of wood made to the reed vibrate pronunciation .
Generally popular is the traditional Bau , open seven finger holes and one additional sound hole , the volume is small , the range is relatively narrow , and only one more than an octave tone , which for musical expression , there are greater limitations. But it sounds sweet , soft, with a strong local characteristics , and relatively easy to use, so people it is still very known and loved .
The Bau improved by adding key , while maintaining the original tone characteristic based on the expansion of the range , reaching more than two octaves , and the volume and music is much improved , but the production and increase the difficulty of playing , it was not very popular , mainly playing professionally users.
Bau way of playing , in many textbooks have been described in detail Bau , in this I do not want to make a comprehensive presentation, but according to the usual playing and teaching to get some of the feelings and experiences, mainly aimed at beginners commonly encountered in basic training difficulties , some of the ideas put forward , I hope to give some guidance to learners , so that we can do when you encounter a similar problem some reference .
Breathing
All Symphonic Band , are the first involving respiratory problems , Symphonic Band always emphasizes ” gas , lips, fingers, tongue” four elements “gas ‘ is the first element of pipe orchestra fact, ” gas “is not only the most beginner easy to encounter difficulties, and to how well you play the final , it is still a breathing problem because after all the problems, all have a direct relationship with the breathing .
Breathing errors are the most common problems , some beginners luck or can successfully get away , but there are many people encounter difficulties , which is sufficient plagued him for years . Of course , the teacher guides properly to make the vast majority of learners to avoid this difficulty. The following issue is not just talking about the play Bau , and it applies to all of the Symphonic Band .
In this talk about some points to note :
1 . Beginners in the first one month of study, you should not use the full lung capacity to breathe , doing so can easily lead to unnecessary tension and errors.
Recommended for beginners to start using only half the lung capacity. Our usual daily activities such as walking, talking , everyone will not notice breathing ; This is because the minimum to maintain our life breath requirements are modest , so this method is very natural breathing . Playing breath of course very different , much larger movement that could eventually be used almost all of the vital capacity, so the beginning should not be significantly increased lung capacity , it should be from a little more than the natural lung capacity breathing volume began , in the right context, gradual increase lung capacity.
2 . To explain the process of breathing too much , too detailed , but also easily lead to stress and errors.
In daily life , no one would go with the hand with the feet, but often seen in military training . General case of high concentration of attention , movement disorders will be prone to this problem . So try to encourage a natural way , under the guidance of teachers , with imitation and imagination naturally form the correct breathing method . Science to explain the movement of the diaphragm and other principles are necessary , but preferably in the correct breathing techniques to master , in order to further improve the learning ability to control the use of breathing freely again when it comes .
3 . Imagination can play an unexpected role.
Woodwind breathing difficulty lies in its ordinary life and breathing methods are different , the general living breathing is Xiongshihuxi and Symphonic Band is thoracic and abdominal breathing , and difficult to understand , it is best to use imagination to living breathing naturally lead to the correct breathing method Woodwind up .
Imagine approach is also used a lot of teachers , but some say the suction pipe music like ” smell the flowers “, which is not very accurate, because smell the flowers just breathe through the nose , mouth and nose this and our requirements are different homogeneous absorption : Secondly, let beginners or Xiongshihuxi actually smell the flowers will not turn into abdominal breathing . ” Strenuous exercise ” metaphor nor desirable , the intensity of this breathing is a certain desirability , but rather than let the learner understand this is not commonly used in respiratory status , let him imagine ways to use the natural life-changing respiratory status better.
Let learners understand ” boating ” type of ” anti- breathing .” Specific approach is inspiratory breath feeling backward movement from the beginning to the back of the abdomen , has been to the head , exhale breath and then move forward from the head to the chest and fall back to the abdomen, the whole movement in the direction it is like rowing , hands to is breath before pushing , pulling back is aspirated . Such imagine two advantages, first, learners can begin to breathe correctly first posture , movement is relatively large, is conducive to proper guidance breath , and second, after playing with a more natural coordination of body movements , the typhoon is better.
Metaphor in many ways, one kind of lost boot effects, but also pulls another analogy. For example, we can also be likened to swim breath , exhale push forward out of hand , is like breathing to both sides of the slide , can also be likened to exhale push forward windows, or metaphor for the ” sigh .”
These circles movement pattern can be said to be the most primitive breath right way, it ‘s the motion cycle is relatively short, so the learner to master this basic approach the future, they can suggest his breath after the start of this ” draw forward circle “like trajectory interrupted in parts of the chest and abdomen were open to the left and right movement , you can send a long long steady tone it. Such long tone sounds are very generous , naturally sweet .
4 . Learn to breath, inhale after school .
Generally easier than inhale exhale properly grasp, should first learn to exhale , inhale to puff less, methods mastered breath , inhale mastered the method can not be far .
5 . Stable long tone is more difficult to practice , we recommend frequent use of ” four short and a long ” a long sound training. ( Such as spectral Example 1 )
Spectrum of Example 1
General learners beginning of practice , it is difficult to directly and accurately the first time pronunciation through repeated several times , reminding him learn to listen to your own voice habits , he will self- adjust to the best state.
Lip training
Lip training mainly refers lips training efforts to improve pronunciation accuracy control , three degrees one hundred eighteen degrees interval training solutions the main method. Playing span the interval and can understand different pitches lips tightness , but also to luck while training efforts, the accuracy of the breath of change in direction and other content. Training is also preferably repeated the same interval method can improve the learners’ attention to practice .
Spectrum Example 2
Training should like into the laboratory , have no exercise goals, and would rather not blow , intently training can be more effective. The same action repeatedly the importance of training and fun role in a variety of training content is extremely great.
Finger Training
There are many training issues fingers requirements, but how can the finger movement is natural and fast focus of everyone’s attention .
1 . The speed of the finger by a long tone -based training is resolved to play sound , you need to remind learners focus only on the length of the anchor tone hands on ( anchor that is in addition to the sound that is being played other than to put a finger finger on the Bau ) , and less like the fingers are playing in favor let it cool to sport . Can be likened to nails with a hammer , relaxed wrists and fingers to make the entire motor coordination and accurate.
2 . Finger speed is not the most important issue beginner , beginner generally try to relax ( relax itself beginner theme ) , do not reach top speed , maximum speed up to reach 80 % on it , to fully relax the wrist and fingers. Only completely correctly grasp the finger movement only after the speed. Speed ​​when you need to add a little proper tension of the wrist and fingers , so you can reach in order to achieve the highest speed .
Tongue training
1 . Tongue training mainly focused on single- and dual- spit spit skills , three spit in Bau playing in the use of small, tonguing also have a speed issue , and fingers are similar requirements . Pay attention to make you relaxed and slow train properly , correct moderate tension allows you up real quick .
2 . The problem is spit sound clarity when playing , the use of parts of the tongue , it should be possible to use the tongue movement , other parts of it should be possible to relax the tongue lying on the gums , but be careful when playing tonguing lips than playing the same length slightly nervous tone a little .
Some skills issues
1 . Half hole playing skills
Half hole is relatively high and difficult skill, can play out some of the normal full-press finger holes without sound ; Moreover , the use of well, intonation is more accurate than the interdigital practices ; Meanwhile, half hole is the premise of portamento techniques must master techniques , generally a one refers to the relationship between the hole and the treble is a major second finger holes should master the ways of playing .
Specific performance in two ways: The first is generally held Bau our hands are the same as holding an egg is round, when at half hole will require a separate Alice ‘s fingers straight , so naturally hold a finger half hole inside the hole , let go of the outer half hole , press and release level to adjust the distance with the hearing , the sound on the high side down that low tone to raise that this method is suitable for use in narrow finger hole distance , it is difficult to move around your finger : the second method is the direction parallel to the treble move your finger around with sliding adjustment hearing distance , move some of the less high tone , low tone , the more moving some of this technique for playing portamento techniques used when required by the half hole . Both methods should master to train well , respectively .
2 . Portamento
Bau played portamento is essential, there is a very charm of playing techniques , alone or single group of finger finger ( multiple fingers simultaneously move ) is a mobile training requires patience to train carefully , moving is a single or both move around. Glide on the treble direction, tone down the bass moves , complex portamento begins to move in the desired direction , then back to the starting point .
This sliding technique that many people simply left and right movement , in fact, accurate training , not parallel to the left and right movement, but a single finger or multiple fingers to draw a circle motion on the glide clockwise motion , fell sound counterclockwise movement , in the top of the finger hole draw a small circle . In particular, note that the decline in sound harder to grasp, should practice as natural talent and glide on smoothly .
Sense of music and rhythm
Finally it comes to musicality, because many learners basic training in a relatively boring sense of music is often ignored problem , you must always pay attention to lose this training goal is very wrong .
In the learning process, beginning to end, do not forget the original purpose of our study is to have a sense of fun and charm to play music , get pleasure. In fact , a simple long tone can also play a rich sense of music and musical charm , we must cultivate the good habit : that one began to play will play a beautiful tone .
Of course, music playing, musicality and charm even more important . Many people do not know how to play a musical sense , or do not understand the sense of music played , the specific need to do anything, except that generally speaking is playing a musical feeling to blow music , in fact, is the sense of music and charm can be compared precisely described .
Musicality can basically be summed up as the strength of the control and tone control, mainly strength control . Strength than we used to think that , in order to measure steps to see, 2 / 4 beat is the ” strong and weak “, 3/ 4 beat is “strong , weak, weak” , 4/ 4 beat is “strong , weak, times strong and weak “, which comes just beat the strength of the concept , and those who really want to deal with such strength , strong sense of rhythm unless some simple songs, otherwise it will significantly undermine the integrity of the music . The real strength of the control should be handled as a unit phrase in a phrase in the treble notes toward the development, it should be strong up , on the contrary , should be low down, which is a basic principles . This basic principle , combined with dotted , syncopated rhythm patterns and other special relationship between the strength that comes with flexible treatment, applicable to most situations. Of course, this rule is not absolute, the composer ‘s intent is the most important , because it is not necessarily the notes to the treble stronger flow , perhaps the composer happens requirements here to weaken , so the music score on a variety of tips are an absolute authority . Knowing this , the learner can easily blow a fun sense of music .
But to play out Bau charm , you need to known Bau own unique sound, playing techniques and methods, and to strive to understand Bau popular style of music , we listen to the associated audio information can naturally appreciate the unique charm of the Bau come .

Pipes also known as ” bamboo “, which is in Chinese folk musical instruments created on the basis of the tube made ​​of a double reed instrument gas alarms . Available at the beginning pipes , Guangdong Province, street vendors touting a tool , to the late 1920s , it began in the Guangdong Cantonese Opera music and the application , and later, universally popular in Guangdong and Guangxi region .

Pipes constructed

Pipes structure is very simple, consisting of a whistle , tube body and bell three parts. It is based on the reed whistle , whistle mouth is wide, two pairs of bonded reed is relatively thick. Tube body with long stalks of bamboo , ebony , mahogany , hardwood , plastic pipe or metal pipe and other materials , which , to the best bamboo tube body tone . Pipes pipe body opened seven sound hole , with the bottom of the tube body made ​​of thin copper bell , play to expand the volume and decorative role.

Pipes Voices

Pipes and tubes similar tone to pronounce it close to the tube bass , sound pure and honest , deep , slightly nasal effects, often in ethnic band in conjunction HU HU or low , in order to strengthen the midrange band bass part .
In China ‘s national orchestra , the most commonly used pipes with pipes , and d g tune tenor tone bass pipes two kinds . g tune tenor hose length of 53 cm and an inner diameter of 1 to 1.3 cm , it can send eight tones , the range is only one octave. Compare with it , d tune the bass pipe tube body is longer, about 85 cm , diameter 1.4 to 1.7 cm , d tune bass pipes range is narrow, transpose inconvenient. 1960s , China ‘s instrument maker developed a keyed pipes , this new body fitted with hose pipe keys, opened a 18 or 19 vents , and has an overtone holes. It can not only play a chromatic scale , but also suitable for swapping . Meanwhile, the range can be extended to two and a half octaves , which jumped into a solo instrument . In addition, supporting the upper part , the development of alto , tenor , bass and double bass part , which makes sound more full and rich .

History
Pipes are Chinese Han wind instrument, evolved from the pipe , popular in Guangdong and Guangxi regions. Pipes also known as ” bamboo .” On the basis of the tube , the lower end of the tube body from the bowl plus
Folk musical instruments. Initially used by street vendors in Guangdong , the late 1920s , began in Guangdong applied music and opera , and later general popular in Guangdong and Guangxi region . 20 In the early 1950s , musicians in the pipes , based on the original cylinder moves down low tone f minor third to d, as alto pipes , moving lower to A, as the bass pipes in the national band Opera for ensemble or accompaniment . Appeared in the 1960s, plus key pipes . Pipe installation key sub- body , has opened a 18 or 19 vents , and has a hole overtone solve overblow ( eg tube tone g, super hair d2 sound ) , not only can play the chromatic scale , suitable for each transfer kind of tone , and range extended to two and a half octaves , making pipes leaped into the solo instrument . In supporting parts , but also develop into alto , tenor , bass and double bass four kinds of pipes , significantly enriched the nation ‘s tenor voices and orchestra bass part , so full, rich . The tones , whether playing melody or harmony, are more or bass suona Sheng Pai integration and coordination.
4 Structure Tone
Pipes from the whistle , tube body and bell three parts. Pipes from the whistle , tube body and bell three parts. Whistle with reed making, two relatively synthesis, reed whistle wide and thick . Tube body with a long stalk of bamboo , ebony , mahogany , hardwood , plastic pipe or metal pipe and other materials , has opened a seven vents above to bamboo sounds best . The lower end of the tube body with thin copper bell made ​​to expand the volume and as a decoration. There is also a brass bass pipes curved neck .

Set the tone and range

Pipes often defined as G harmonic in D , G tone for alto throat , range one octave , D notes of the bass pipes range from A ~ a. In the national orchestra , the commonly used pipes of G and D tune tune tenor bass pipes . G tune tenor pipes can emit eight tone , range from the d ~ d1 only one octave ; D tune bass pipes , pipe lower than G a pure tone alto four degrees , range from A ~ a. Because narrow range , nor semitone , so swapping is very convenient, the player control through the whistle , you can turn those close relationship tune ( the original tune up and down five degrees ) , for distant relations transpose , the incumbent tune with other instruments . Pipes sounds close tube bass , sound pure and honest , deep , slightly nasal, often with the band in the nation in low HU HU or in combination, in order to strengthen the band , the bass part .
Pipes in the lower end of the tube plus bowls made ​​popular in Guangdong and Guangxi regions. Since the 1950s , the development of alto , bass, tenor , plus double bass pipes and hoses , and other key . Pipes also known as ” bamboo .” It was added in the bowl from the lower end of the tube folk instruments. Initially used by street vendors in Guangdong , the late 1920s , music and opera in Guangdong is slightly applied , then ordinary popular in Guangdong and Guangxi region . 20 In the early 1950s , musicians on the pipes to reform the original cylinder moves down low tone f minor third to d, as alto pipes , moving lower to A, as the bass pipes used in the national orchestra in the ensemble or opera accompaniment . After the reform of the tenor , double bass pipes , enriching the nation band’s tenor and bass voices voices, timbre , rich . Appeared in the 1960s, plus key pipes . It is the key sub- installation of the pipe body , has opened a 18 or 19 vents , and has an overtone Kong , to solve the super- blow ( such as drum sounds g, super hair d2 sound ) , it can not only play the chromatic scale , adapted to transfer a variety of tone and range extended to two and a half octaves , it can be used solo.

Playing method
Brief introduction

( A ) on the pronunciation
Package is not just a pipe blowing musical skills , but an entirely new playing methods . As the name implies , including blowing , is to blow holes complete with pipes wrapped lips playing , it is a kind of its own pipes and similar pipes blow hole instrument , has never seen before , a new method of playing .
Although the package is blowing lips up and down the body wrap blowing blow hole ( blow Bau -like shape ) , but it is not through the reed vibration pronunciation , unlike guttural throat or mouth with a vibration as pronunciation , but in lip lips wrap blowing holes inside ( outside can not see ) the formation of the throttle , and the breath through the throttle when the impact lip along the inside lip vibration , thereby vibrating flute body so pronounced come . Blowing on brass instruments approximate truth , but the difference is only a blow hole flute without mouthpiece , there is no such a thing as the mouthpiece blocked lips , do not need as big as the trumpeters , tough -lipped and airflow. Bag blowing damper is a leading pubic region formed cheeks tight control and closing ( not tightly closed lips to natural relaxation ) damper size , tight loose, and soft -lipped , hard , slow , anxious , determine tone accurate and tone the merits . ( ” Bags blowing blowing sound effects similar call Bau and pipes . Large volume , sound quality rich, deep , such as controlling weaker tone on the Bau very similar .
Pipes

Pipes
” – Excerpt from” Chinese flute net ” of flute paper” on the new pipes Techniques ” ) package blowing can not use Dimo Dimo and two ways to play , do not Dimo ( or the membrane snapping ) issued sound mellow, but the vibration resonance slightly worse, playing with Dimo pronunciation transparent , beautiful , crisp , you can choose to use these two tones .
Bag blowing in the pipe on the sound emitted than the original pitch on a flute major second , that high a ratio flute tune . A third hole for the pipe D to play , the actual pitch blow to E ( the third hole into E). Therefore , in actual use , the package should be in a second blowing tone hole ( second hole as “1 ” ) cylindrical sound is “Bass 6 .” As with the flute in D ( full-press of the bass 5 ) playing a song , when the wind blows with the package to become law , the change is necessary to the second hole as ” 1″ ( full-press of the bass 6 ) fingering to playing , the sound on the whistle blowing with third hole used as ” 1″ as the high tone . As the size and flow of hard and soft lipped different priorities , a great impact on the pitch ( up to a major second most significant to the minor third ) , so with the package can also be used blowing whistle blowing and finger holes play the same the same pitch as the third hole of the D sound , blowing with the package can also be blown D sound , but this is not enough to blow out mellow sound , not full , not bright enough . So we have gone through repeated comparison , continuing to explore , and finally selected high a tritone playing method, the effect is more ideal.
( Two ) about fingering
Bag blowing whistle blowing fingering and fingering the same, but because of its pronunciation than the pipes high a major second , it must transpose ( change fingering ) playing . And these few tune ( fingering ) in whistle blowing law is very rarely used . So playing more difficult. Such as: coolie tune ( full-press of the bass 5 ) into a bag blowing whistle blowing has become the second hole as ” 1″ ( full-press of the bass 6 ) fingering blow . The whistle is blown Gong ( full-press of the bass 2 ) Subcontracting blowing method, but it became sixth tone ( full-press as the bass 3 ) fingering . And so on can be.
( Three ) on the use of
Pack blowing master, and in practical work remarkably versatile , can replace Bau be playing , the film tie loose a little , or the fierce breath that sounds very similar to pipes and western bass clarinet color development of the pipes into a variety of functions , multi-purpose , enriched the performance capabilities.
Blowing the application package has two aspects, one alone , the other is used interchangeably with the whistle blowing . Because switching play , playing on pipes in a two radically different sound effects , is the use of packet blowing greatest success . Its unique features refreshing . Extensively in solo playing technique makes use of various exchange played at high, low, speed , length, intensity changes , he also added a wonderful tone contrast, can surprisingly , to fascinating , received excellent results.
With flute
Pack blowing applies to any transfer pipes . As long as they rely on blowing holes played pronunciation pipes and Western flute , blowing package can be applied , but with the alto flute ( such as D, E tone ) and bass flute , ( such as large key of C , B ​​tone , A tone , etc. ) , the effect is a plus. Using the package in bangdi blowing , pronounced high , stout, strong but sounds dry , but when blowing over strenuous, as in so freely on bass pipes , sound quality sounds like Sophie Korea . The traditional tin flute , blowing with the package can play the one octave , if the traditional flute of the upper and lower ( sixth hole above the first hole below where appropriate ) to open one of the sound hole , octave vocal range can reach ten . With the pipes continuously reform , including blowing vocal range will also expand .