A tube for double reed wind instrument, a very long history. tube originated in ancient Persia, which is now Iran. In ancient China it was known as the “wicker horn” or “reed pipe.” In the Western Han Dynasty two thousand years ago, tube has become China’s Xinjiang area versatile instrument, and later, tube into the Central Plains, through the development and changes, it’s playing skills have been continuously enriched and developed. Now, the tube is widely popular in Chinese folk become common in northern peoples favorite instrument.
tube – Introduction
A tube for double reed wind instrument, a very long history. tube originated in ancient Persia, which is now Iran. In ancient China it was known as the “wicker horn” or “reed pipe.” In the Western Han Dynasty two thousand years ago, tube has become China’s Xinjiang area versatile instrument, and later, tube into the Central Plains, through the development and changes, it’s playing skills have been continuously enriched and developed. Now, the tube is widely popular in Chinese folk become common in northern peoples favorite instrument.
tube – Musical Instrument Introduction
Popular in northern China, ancient wicker horn or (salty under Canadian angle) horn. Wooden tube, the opening eight holes (front seven after a). Insert a nozzle made of reed whistle. Pitched sound tube, pipe band in the north are often used to lead player. After the liberation, tube manufacturing and playing techniques have been developed. After the reform of the tube, the range has expanded to two groups of six tones, plus key management can play twelve semitones, play a greater effectiveness in the ensemble and solo. Currently the band has often used alto pipes, bassoon and processing key tube. Pipe volume is large, bright, high-pitched tone, rough rustic, with a strong local flavor. Relatively simple structure of the tube by tube whistle, invasion promoter and a cylindrical tube body composed of three parts. Tube very versatile and can be used to solo, ensemble and accompaniment. Especially in some types of music in northern China, the tube is very important wind instrument. tube playing skills are very rich, in addition to the general frequently used vibrato, portamento, slipped sound, tone and flower tongue spit, there is a special play sound, transonic, and other dental rinse tone. In addition to the finger tips, the whistle in his mouth shades also determines the level of pronunciation tube, when playing, lip-use change, but also to simulate the human voice and a variety of animal sounds. Without the use of cyclic ventilation France to play a long time when intermittently figurations. tube, ancient wicker horn, Tartar pipe, Jia tube. Ancient had called “tube” of wind instruments. “Songs Zhousong have blind”: “both prepared Naizou, flute tube equipment move.” “Mailyard music”: “bassoon that of the large pipe.” “Dictionary”: “tube as chi, tin.” “Song Book Music”: “…… Yong Chapters saying ‘tube who shaped foot circumference inches long, has a bottomless hole’ which is now dead..”
Such long-lost tube. Modern tube Kucha original ancient musical instrument popular in the Western Han Dynasty Kuqa area, about the fourth century incoming mainland. Yungang Grottoes excavated since the Northern Wei has blowpipe image. “Old Tang Zhi Music”: “wicker horn, whose real name is sad horn, for Hu, and its sound sad.” Kaihuang Dynasty (581 years) in the court orchestra in use, after the Sui and Tang nine, ten music quite widely applied, a large wicker horn, small wicker horn, two wicker horn, peach skin wicker horn and other shapes. Self-contained part tube in the Song Dynasty great music, and has a head tube called. Early bamboo tube. Tang Li Qi “Listen An Wanshan wicker horn blowing song”: “Nanshan cut bamboo wicker horn.” Bai “Children Xue Yang Tao wicker horn blowing song”: “clipping dry reed inserted Hanzhu.” Song “Music Book”: “Tartar pipe, …… with bamboo tubes to Lo headed.” “Yuan Shi Chi ritual”: “Yan Yue of control, head control, with bamboo tubes, led by Lu Ye volume, distributed to them.” To the Ming Dynasty, the tube body instead of wood, “Ming Hui Dian Big Music System”: “head tube, to whom …… wood, two late in the teeth bundle to Lo as whistle.” Wooden pipe sound is more pure and honest. Ming and Qing dynasties, tube are widely popular among the people.
tube – instruments constructed
Modern tube by post, invasion promoter and tube body composition. Tubules whistle reed system, one end with a fine wire Zhazhu other end branded flat, directly into the tube body end, higher pronunciation; bassoon reed bamboo whistle, plug invasion yard. Invasion sub copper, tapered end of the insertion tube body. Tube body with a long stem of bamboo or wood production, cylindrical, on the opening eight holes (front seven after a) or abalone (after two holes) exterior paint invasion December, both ends of the sets of eyelets crack. tube with large, medium and small three. Tube length 18-24 cm, diameter 0.9-1.2 cm. Small tube, also known as treble pipe, is the band featured lead instrument. The tube octave lower than the small tube. Also known bassoon bassoon, an octave lower than the tube, as the bass or for rhythmic downbeat playing in the band. Range: a small tube a1-c4, the tube a-d3, bassoon A-d2. tube for blowing song Hebei Jidong noisy child would, eight sets of Shanxi, Xi’an drum music and other folk instrumental ensemble, national orchestra, opera orchestra and religious music. Hebei blowing song using the bassoon and small tubes, tubular bright high-pitched tone, the performance should be lively, warm melody; bassoon sounds deep, rich, slightly sad sad, lyrical depiction. Different kinds of pipe can be replaced whistle lift pitch. Traditional music of “Everlasting Joy”, “goose down beach”, “Jasmine”, “kite”, “Liu Qing Niang”, “put asses” and so on.
tube – History
Aka clarinet clarinet, clarinet or Xiao Yang, a cylindrical tube, the top is the shape of a special mouthpiece, reed on coupons, there are bell bottom PA tube. Generally ebony, plastic, metal material. He is also the only low-range sounds significantly different woodwind, expressive instruments outstanding, thus making the clarinet has “Orchestra orator” in the title. According to the German Bavarian musical craft museum records, the predecessor of the modern clarinet was 夏鲁摩 (Chaulumeau). This wind instrument is a non-cylindrical keys. Is manufactured by the German musical family Deng Carolina (Johann Christoph Denner) invention. In 1689 he seemed to be one kind of recorder clarinet instrument to be improved, and in the bottom mouthpiece added two keys, so that the instrument can range over blown third overtone. There are two keys to a single-reed instruments, which have at the time and 夏鲁摩 on timbre significantly different; instrument sounds that are called Clarino bright sharp, due to replace the baroque trumpet to play the treble melody, reportedly also Clarinet the word etymology. At that time the players usually range depending on the requirements of the music to interactive use of these two instruments, then put the clarinet in the high range called Clarino, while the bass was Chalumeau.
To the Baroque period, musical instruments mostly manufactured in boxwood or ebony. Overall watched two or three sections, blowing head design varies, but is satisfied with the design of a wide Deng large, 50mm between about 40mm to.
Today’s way of playing is also accustomed to contact with reed and upper lip in different ways, although you can get this blowing a large volume, but it can not control the sound texture; so this period can only be regarded clarinet orchestra, playing at strong the effect of the use of musical instruments. Between 1730-1740, there has been a third key clarinet, in order to play the bass, so there is a plus clarinet bell. This can only be modified to make the original musical super blow down B’s, and the new B sound can be connected together, and let Chalumeau range of clarinet with Clarino two combined into one instrument. Diameter, mouthpiece, reed instruments form the size of this period are still many experiments with color, because the technology standards of the factors that are more modern instruments clarinet large, sound a bit rough, the general common D and C tune two instruments . Appeared in 1750 when a five-key clarinet, which is fourth, five keys, respectively, left and right audio; these four keys have been reluctant to make clarinet blown chromatic. In the same period Frenchman Roth (G.Lot) invented the bass clarinet (Bass Clarinet), it has a deep sound, and special sense of humor. The more special is that this is the first mechanical device using right thumb appeared to control extra contrabass. Between 1770-7180 appeared in the middle of the mouthpiece and instrument tuning pipe in the UK, while the players have begun to play by the same as today, using a mouthpiece to alternately play the way other tonal instruments.
The 1791 Paris home Leifei Buddhism for clarinet clarinet plus a sixth key, the other players have begun to follow suit. During this period the production of increasingly sophisticated instruments, such as: brass keys ivory mouthpiece, a sound hole and the precise manufacture of the inner tube has a satisfactory sound can be blown. 1806 German Miller started thinking, how to increase the musical movement issues. The original semi-spherical sound hole pad, improved system for leather stretched round pie, which makes the gas density sound hole better. In addition, he also added the right thumb buckles on the instrument, which is a device of great ingenuity, and since then players do not have to use insecure way to play, but Miller has become a German-style clarinet clarinet style prototype. In this period some German players have begun to try and approach the lower lip contact reed playing and become a modern player’s standard way. 1832 German Bohm (Theobald Boehm) invented the long axis of the rod and used in the improvement of the flute. 1837 French pack Philippines (August Buffet) musical invention with the spring pin. After the French clarinet Klaus and package Philippine Using the above invention, to jointly develop a “package Philippine Klaus clarinet.” The device has a musical ring Miller clarinet keys that are not, this invention allows the finger while holding the sound hole transport means, can simultaneously control by Bohm long axis of the rod to the other to make the instrument sound hole so on fingering becomes a more logical. Klaus package Philippine clarinet used in the mechanical structure is very complex, they were used seventeen keys and six key ring, and to the 1870 this type of musical instrument has become a standard French, and in the United States, Britain , Italy, Belgium became all the rage.
Followed closely by the Spaniards 古梅兹 published in 1885, London-wide Bohm style clarinet, he added the seventh keys, improving vibrato right outside, coupled with the left hand and on the “Klaus package Philippines’ system mechanical means tube. After the French clarinet both in swapping, chromatic, tremolo, etc., have been consistent with all aspects of the request. 1860 famous German clarinetist Bellman (Carl Baermann) started thinking how to improve the lot of irrational Miller clarinet fingering. He and instruments manufactured home 欧坦斯 Tanner cooperation with the long axis of the key advantages of the ring rod used in the instrument. After this has been used up to the early twentieth century clarinet. Although his fingering style than Bohm slightly inconvenient, but fewer number of openings in the tube body, but also makes sound relatively clean. Before the late romantic music, Miller and pom-style clarinet performance, regardless of Xuan to the. However, late romantic music, the volume of the tension on Miller clarinet and operational aspects, the slightly less. Europe and Germany in 1900 began for these two shortcomings began to develop a new system, try to keep him in the original German-style traditional sounds, but also hope to solve operational inconvenience, and in 1920 developed the Oude systems, a total of 27 buttons and 5 rings key. This section clarinet on the pitch more than the French instruments outstanding (French bass clarinet usually too low, too high treble intonation problems), at the convenience of fingering and French are also considerable, but some of the sound hole farther away, for some palms are too small people will have restrictions on playing.
tube – Music
Clarinet in the development and reform process, there had been many different tone clarinet, and later with the musical structure improvement and perfection, some tone clarinet tube is gradually eliminated, leaving only the last drop B flat, A tune ordinary clarinet and bass clarinet in B flat tone, as the E-flat, D raised tone clarinet in the band has retreated cameo role. To explore the clarinet playing and music, you should start with his unique sound to explore together. The reason is because the clarinet is is a “closed tube” sound science on the structure. This “open and close” does not refer to the instrument tube sound hole open and closed states, but rather “If the air by the impact shock wave at the point of the highest node us, whereas the antinodes; opening of the wind instrument is a tube antinodes at both ends, and is closed at both ends of each wind instrument and wave antinodes festival. “about the use of clarinet in Ge Luke (Christoph Willibald Gluck)’s opera” Orfeo “(Orfeo) where it has been recorded. The early use of the clarinet in the orchestra to Stan Schmitz most, he also wrote one of the earliest of the Clarinet Concerto. For the greatest impact on the development of early clarinet composer, then it is Mozart. At that time clarinetist Shi Tele (Anton Stadler) commissioned composer for his friend Mozart. In his commission under the spectrum of the famous “A great Clarinet Concerto”, the song appeared in the subsidiary means clarinet musical instrument orchestra raised to the status of a solo instrument.
To the Romantic period, orchestra began to rapidly expand. From Berlioz (Hector Berlioz) begin until Wagner (Wilhelm Richard Wagner) after clarinet orchestra in the number of expansion, for example: in Strauss’ “Salome” and “Airey Stella” on the use of six forms of clarinet. In conclusion, since Mozart, the composer of the song clarinet made, whether it is musical form or quality, are beyond the other woodwinds.
The famous works are: Mozart’s “A Clarinet Concerto” K622, “Clarinet Quintet” K581; Weber’s two “Clarinet Concerto” OP73,74 and “Concertino” OP62; history Bo (Louis Spohr) of four “clarinet Concerto “OP26,59, WO19,20; Schumann (Robert Schumann)’s” clarinet and Piano Fantasia “OP73; two Brahms’ clarinet Sonata” OP120 and “clarinet Quintet”, “clarinet Trio” OP114 , 115; Hindemith (Paul Hindemith) “clarinet Sonata” OP57; Pu Lang g (Francis Poulenc) “clarinet Sonata”; Linmusiji · Korsakov (Rimsky-Korsakov) “clarinet Concerto”; Richard Strauss (Richard Strauss) “for clarinet and bassoon concerto complex”; Stravinsky (Igor Stravinsky) “three cappella piece”; Copland (Aron Copland) “clarinet Concerto.”
tube – “River Water”
“River Water” playing
Formerly known as “Jiang children water”, is advocating on commercial music Liao Sheng pipe tunes in, popular in the Northeast, after joining the “stub” Melody, Tune adaptation will be made ”slow down plus flower” and other treatment, making shrill desolate-hand melody. The whole song is divided into three parts, ABA structure. “A” for “Jiang children water” Tune, feather tuning, a total of nine, mournful tunes, like the human voice crying. “B” section with the “stub” material adapted into requisition with vocalist style, melody soften deep, contrast with the previous result. Changes in the last paragraph is “A” reproduction, slightly indignant character, climax. This song has been incorporated into the “East is Red” big dance, the groans and complaints to the performance of old China strata laboring people, and very successful. After well adapted for the erhu, and very moving.
