China Ming rub played stringed instruments. Hu, also known song, erxian. Mainly spread in Henan, Shandong area, Quju Henan, Shandong and piano books, Lvju major musical accompaniment. Hu’s predecessor was a small fall sanxian. For rap, when opera accompaniment , artists feel the effect of plucked instruments and singing with timely and difficult, then follow the violin, use horsetail bow-outs, piano and drums to violin’s Qintong form falling Hu. Hu seemed four violin barrel fall, but short and thick, with copper or hardwood production, before opening Monte python. Piano bar and headstock like shamisen. Piano bar cater fretboard. Zhang two strings. Generally tuned in a, d1, range a ~ d3. In addition to the accompaniment, but also for the ensemble and solo .
1 Basic Profile
Hu is a Chinese national orchestra fall in a more special kind of musical instrument. It formed in the late Qing Dynasty, has been a century of history. At that time in Henan, Shandong and other places. Spread some local folk, “Yingge willow “,” Banjo twist in the book, “and so on. Musical accompaniment for them is small” small three-stringed lute. “When long-term adjustments, artists feel pluck small three-stringed lute playing music, Can not combine with the actor asked cavity. So some artists have between twelve small banjo string plus a ponytail bow, pull the string becomes. Thereby increasing the level of singing. This forms a first falling HU. Then in order to improve the sound area, perfect tone. It will be a lot of hair speaker transformation. There were wide spread in it, so in different places, different operas. Changes are not the same. The traditional three main categories. Qu Hu Zhuiqin pendant. These three instruments headstock, piano bar, fingerboard , bow, have retained all shapes of small three-stringed lute. Difference in Qintong. Hu was restructured by the fall of a small three-stringed lute, aka Zhuiqin or pendant, also known erxian. Minor is a major musical accompaniment music, piano books Lvju and Shandong. Qintong with hardwood or brass, one end of the Mongolian snakeskin. Piano bar doubles as a fretboard. Set two Zhen, Zhang two strings, played with a bow ponytail. Except for the falling Hu accompaniment, but also for the ensemble, solo. Generally tuned in a, d1, range of a-d3. This instrument can both solo ensemble, and its range is very wide, soft voice, the volume is relatively large, somewhat different with other instruments is that it can mimic lifelike vocals, singing, talking, and even birds called sound and so on. Popular in central China, is Henan pendant, pendant Fukasawa, Shandong piano books, Lvju main accompaniment of musical instruments, folk art.
2 Origin Development
According to legend, in the Qing Dynasty (1644 – 1911 AD) of Emperor Kangxi, Emperor Yu Zhi, the court removed the troupe, only people living on the folk arts performers, one day, a small artists sanxian bitten bad skin, But soon performed between desperate, the artist will use a thin Paulownia Board instead of the violin bow again caught in the middle of two strings pull-outs, so that one can play music, similar to the human voice and musical instruments was born, which is falling Hu. According to research is the fact that the Republic of China [1] Quju important founders of the southern suburbs of Luoyang Datun Zhuwan Ming Wang Tun some of the “fancier” deliberations on Quju main musical instrument to transform. The more they are referring to reconcile Henan pendant primary musical instrument to sanxian based on resonance to the hexagonal plate sanxian Qintong, python or snakeskin on the top sheet to increase the volume, turn the dial for the three strings missile to two strings, then created a new kind of musical instrument never had – “. falling Hu”. he and his artists give it called Hu dropping its long piano bar, Qintong large volume issued by HTC, and the soft sounds very appealing, adapted to the needs of the square and stage performances Since then , Hu has been falling as Quju main musical instrument. Meanwhile, Zhuwan Ming also everyone on Quju accompaniment adds seven eight cymbals cymbals and other percussion instruments to improve the accompaniment effects, “small cavity minor” song play suddenly adds great momentum, expanding the expressive melody play. Has developed a deep fall Hu Hu Ze fall, fall sanxian Hu, falling banhu three. Henan pendant later spread to Hebei Fukasawa, absorbed Peking Opera, Hebei Clapper nutrition combined with local customs, the formation of a new local opera Fukasawa fall drama , falling Hu accompaniment to copper from the wood to make more Chunhou range, beautiful form Fukasawa falling Hu.
3 musical composition
Hu fall from the piano bar, piano axis, Qintong, bows, strings, piano horses and other components. Qintong hardwood, mahogany or yellow Paulownia, eight square, the former Mongolian snakeskin mouth after mouth hollow border. Sanxian piano bar piano part is similar to the shorter dry. Total length of about 90 Cm, cater to the fretboard, Zhang two strings, the strings immediately stand on the bow running in strings. With horsetail bamboo bow bowed. Four degrees tune a stringed instrument A, d, approximately two and a half octave range. Hu fall pitched tone, soft, except for the accompaniment, but also for solo and instrumental ensemble. Erxian 1 that the moon and the last quarter of the winding. 2 refers to the two string instruments. (1) A stringed instrument “Ching Book of General continued Le Seven.”:. “erxian the Department of Music Fan, camphor wood for the body of the song, Tong surface, rectangular, bottom hole, usually three feet” (2) that the erhu . “. Ching Book of General continued Le Seven”: “erxian equal erhu, but before the tank were to take the skin after a more sedate tone, midrange instruments” see 3 stringed string of fine and coarse in the “erhu.”. old sub-strings were.
4 Instrument Features
Shape Features
Hu fall with the Song Chen Yang “music book” Qin Xi painted very similar in shape, especially the two-piano bar on right axis for China the majority Han Chinese areas popular violin classes are just pull strings (Korean Xi Qin its similarity), may be the relics. Fujian Quanzhou Kaiyuan Temple (built in the early Tang Dynasty, the Ming rebuilt) ZIYUN temple carvings brackets Musicians have played erxian image (“Chinese music history illustrated book” IV-62). Playing skills
Hu’s fall playing skills worth mentioning is its imitation of the sound function. It can mimic human laughter, rooster hen dogs and other animal sounds, but also to imitate the sound of playing percussion section. If Liangxian Jun’s “big play board” in the evolution of the use of the bow Renton Played image mimics the way people laugh. Wu Yongping’s “Zhuiqin and suona” in the fall Hu and suona mimic many common animal sounds, such as birds such as hen rooster. There Ma Guang Lu Mr. “wounded in action August Everywhere “by dropping Hu imitate gongs cymbals and other percussion sounds to heighten the atmosphere of the song is the song an instant orgasm. There are many pieces of music have to imitate the sound, this is not with you enumerate. There are two strings falling Hu playing techniques, Hu is falling apart due according to the string so it can be a string accompaniment, played a chord melody. This is the other nation to pull strings can not be compared.
5 musical structure
Guangdong, Fujian erxian and erxian structure used in the South Sound music used is different. Guangdong music in the piano bar erxian wood, bamboo Qintong tip Mongolian thick python backend completely empty, thicker strings, bows longer pronounce rough with sand tones, Guangdong music ” five head “one. Opera in the Pa chamber also used erxian accompaniment. Fujian South Sound erxian piano bar in bamboo, and bamboo roots as headstock decoration. Qintong made using hollowed piece of wood to make Paulownia soundboard, the cylinder open, with hardwood pegs , peg mounting orientation and erhu contrary, mounted on the right side of the piano bar. Bows by a bamboo bow truss with pony tail is made of relatively soft but ponytail. Playing Erxian right hand need to be flexible bow. And outboard restricted to use push Bow, all with the bow string, pronunciation, thin, simple and elegant.
6 kinds of musical
Twentieth century, the late seventies Shanghai Conservatory successfully developed sanxian falling Hu. Qintong with a steel plate, tube length and a diameter of 10 cm, the former Mongolian mouth to python, piano bar length 90 cm, three strings and pitch of d, a , d1, double hair bow, the first unit bow hair into a, d1 between two strings, controlled by the right middle finger, the second line shares bow hair was slightly loose, put d, between a two-chord to the right hand ring finger control, pull-outs tone, dual tone. Extends the bass range to five degrees interval, by d ~ d4, up to four octaves. Sounds bright, honest, and two-tone and firm, plump. Sanxian fall falling Hu Hu while maintaining the original features, but also to develop and enrich the expressive, the most suitable for playing lively, smooth music, and can simulate percussion, vocals and some animals, such as chirping sound Seventies, has developed a new instrument -. falling banhu. It consists Qintong, piano bar, headstock, pegs, Yamaguchi, string horse, bow strings and other components. Structure is the use of treble piano bar and falling Hu Banhu of Qintong, piano bar length of 60 cm, 10 cm diameter mouth before Qintong , 6 cm long. Fall banhu range wide, in Henan Quju accompaniment, is tuned g, c1, range from the g ~ g3, up to three octaves. Voices ranged between Hu and banhu falling, falling Hu approximate soft bass, treble clear, pure. Except for solo banhu fall, the ensemble with other instruments sound also combines coordination. With strong local characteristics, such as the most suitable Quju Henan Opera and local opera musical accompaniment, also suitable for solo or as a dance accompaniment.
7 musical predecessor
Stringed instrument, the county each village widespread use. * Use a small three-stringed lute’s own making, with the toon, chaff trees and pear trees Tong carved piece of wood. Total length of about 60 cm, including string tube, chords, chord the first three parts. Chord tube diameter of 10 cm, the back of the eagle Sound pattern window to the front stretch snakeskin or Kazakhstan frog skin. Head twisted strings as strings, with three different thickness of the old, sub-strings, plus chord pillow, string code. Small three-stringed lute accompaniment for jump-sheng, momentum scale, solo tunes, then tactfully as complaints. Feelings varied, for civil favorite instrument. According to legend, a long time ago, in Wumeng mountain man named A hot guy, daily headman grazing cattle and sheep, Bitterness years. One day, A hot rescued horse hoof white cliff fall foal, looks after Biaofeitizhuang carefully kept, people say Wu Zhuima called foot of snow. Every guy rode to the sheep, but also trained a good riding. A hot one day being sheep, horse suddenly went chieftain home racetrack, where the ongoing horse race election-law, beginning just rung artillery, riders ran forward like an arrow, Wu Zhuima red open crowd, Colts went to the front. Toast hero heaven afar, ecstatic, when he saw their slaves, the A heat brutally beaten, beloved pony was also toast took. But soon, the official toast to please some mountain homes, want to ride Wu Zhuima significant prestige, feet kicking knows pony, fell toast, snapped the reins to escape, toast soldiers shot Wu Zhuima life, pony Although covered with arrows still ran home, A heat while pulling arrows to the right side of medicine, pony end result of his injuries and died. BMW beloved guy day and night, night, Wu Zhuima Tuomeng A hot: “Master, ah, you do not be sad, with my skin hoop a piano box, do the piano bar with a leg, tail twisted strings, let us Together curse dead chieftain, together again gladness. “guy woke up, made with a delicate piano cherry tree, horsehide masked, horsetail do strings, hand pop buzz sound, the sound has a sad, there is joy. Since then, the three-stringed lute in the Yi People in the widely circulated.
8 Development circulating
Although the formation of Hu fall short history, but widely circulated. Especially after the founding of folk music to develop, falling Hu has basically throughout the country. So it is also formed around different playing style. Traditional songs are mostly a place where music and drama as the material evolved. Such as “big play board” is Henan Quju music material, “boast Shandong” is Shandong local music clip. Traditional songs are in a strong sense of rhythm, characterized by cheerful humor. Four of the songs are in tune a stringed instrument-based, hands-tuning hair are relatively fixed, for adjusting the tension of the strings are adjusted to solve. So playing the traditional form has been confined in a small space. Playing form and technique after the founding musicians to Hu’s fall, do a lot of reform and innovation. From a single opera accompaniment goes solo, ensemble, concerto, and many more forms of play. National orchestra played an important role. As folk music ensemble “playing Yu Gu Harvest”, “wedding man “,” celebrate door “, which are led by Hu fall-outs, which have achieved good agreement results. There Jinan Military Region Song and Dance Ensemble fall erhu improved, but also very, very good results in the orchestra. But the biggest change is the fastest growing solo. After the folk musicians in addition to retain and organize the reform part of the traditional song, but also the creation of many excellent tracks. Lu Yiping tramadol light as playing solo, “Henan song licensing song”, won the bronze medal at the World Youth Festival fifth sector. There Mr. Ma Guanglu creative solo song “Spring Music”, “western Henan style”, “hometown news”, also has received various awards in the country. The “Spring Music” was also famous violinist Mao Yuan adapted for the violin. Mr. Hu Henan Youth performers Liang Xianjun fall, finishing the adaptation of traditional music “big from the board.” In 1996, the award-winning Great Wall Cup Invitational. Mr. Liang Xianjun are more bold , daring and innovative musician composer. His adaptation of sanxian falling Hu song “Spanish Matador Dance” is more representative of the song, the song playing with a lot of new methods and techniques, backing band is also a “guitar”, “keyboard” “Spanish castanets,” etc. Western music composition. The whole song is divided into two, the first half of tune playing in C, D playing with the latter part. Using twelve sanxian with loud chords approach greatly improves the performance of Hu-dropping power and performance skills, create falling Hu playing skills of new areas. There he created the falling Hu solo “slow crib” aka “peony flowers” is a song and Mr. Ma Guanglu “Year of the” taken from the same material, but the song and Mr. Ma Guanglu but each with flavor, the song Liangxian Jun Mr. using large-scale cooperation, big way just rubbing the big slide and Mr. Ma Guanglu exquisite small, compact and orderly style in stark contrast. His adaptation of falling Hu song “King James Hu tune” “Silver button silk”, etc., are all very good song. Which also uses a lot of new methods and techniques. The fall falling Hu Hu song virtuoso Wu Yongping, “boast Shandong” is used as a material in Shandong local music creation music. The whole song tunes cheerful and elastic, full of references to the fall Hu portamento vibrato and other techniques. There Mr. Wu’s “falling Hu and suona” in the fall and suona Hu echoed each other to mimic human and animal sounds. This is also a new kind of falling Hu playing form, full description and sociability Hu fall. There Mr. Ren Yiping’s “Harvest” is also falling Hu influential solo. In addition there are many more famous violin virtuoso falling Hu also proficient in playing, such as:.. Liu Mingyuan Zhao Hanyan Yun Seinfeld once and so on Which fall Hu Liu Mingyuan Zhao Hanyan have used for many movies, TV series soundtrack Hu has been a public falling indispensable instrument orchestra.
9 interpretation Tracks
. Hu falling in many opera plays a very important role in the folk band Hu made using sinkers lead player opera opera orchestra are: “Henan Quju” “more stressed” “Tai affections” “Henan fall drama” “Anhui Suzhou pendant play”, “Shandong Lvju ‘” Fukasawa pendant play “and so on Folk band are:.” Henan pendant “,” Shandong piano book “and so on The.” more stressed “is used in the treble falling Hu, Hu song it is based on the piano bar shortened to increase the volume. Used only for opera accompaniment On the market able to collect the entire fall Hu Sound have (except opera). Ma Kuang Lu’s CD “western Henan style” and Liang Xianjun the VCD Quju “big from the board. “” Western Henan style “tracks
Name of musical material of music “Spring Music” song Hu Henan Quju music Ma Guang Lu “Harvest” fall Alto Hu Yiping Henan local music “Northwest folk song” folk song Ma Kuang Lu Hu Northwest “Who does not like home,” the name of the song Alley song Ma Guang Lu adaptation “Henan song licensing song” Song Hu Henan local music Yiping “Western Henan style” song Hu Ma Guang Lu western Henan local music “Silver twisted wire” fall Alto traditional tunes Ma Kuang Lu Hu “Siping Lu opera tune “Song Ma Guang Lu Hu Shandong Lvju music” Umeki “Qu Hu Ma Guang Lu, Henan local music” Transportation busy “Hu Qu Ma Guang Lu, Henan local music” Eight Variations on board, “Hu Qu Ma Guang Lu traditional tunes “Hometown news” folk music ensemble alley name Ma Guang Lu adaptation “Big play board” received Tracks
Name of musical tune material “Great from the board,” Qu Hu Henan Quju music Liangxian Jun “Quju tune duet” song Henan opera music Liangxian Jun Hu “Henan brand song” falling Hu Henan dance music high accounting “Old music” sanxian falling Hu song “old couple learn Mao” Liang Xianjun “Slow crib” song music Liangxian Jun Hu Henan Quju “Weeping Yan Hui” Banjo Tune fall alley name was adapted and Yun “Qingming Festival” Song of Henan local music Liangxian Jun Hu “Scissors sharp Flower “song where the music Liangxian Jun Hu Henan” Bitter music “song where the music Liangxian Jun Hu Henan” Silver twisted wire “traditional tunes Liangxian Jun Hu Qu Other
“Boast Shandong” Zhuiqin Shandong local music Wu Yongping “Everywhere August wounded in action,” the name of the song Alley song Ma Kuang Lu adaptation “Spanish Matador Dance” Banjo-dropping alley names arranger Liangxian Jun “Fair City” Banjo-dropping alley songs adapted Ma Kuang Lu name “King James Hu tune” the name of the song arranger Liangxian Jun alley “The Lark” song arranger Liangxian Jun alley name Ensemble or falling Hu song with the band “Celebrate the door” Young Shaolv, he and Yun Qu “Escorting people” Tibetan Dongsheng, He of all, Liu Jin-song “Yu Gu Harvest playing” what song of all
