Chinese folk instruments, has a long history. Only had unearthed relics confirm: far in the Qin Dynasty, there is a wide variety of musical instruments. Zhejiang Hemudu Neolithic cultural sites such as bone unearthed whistle, Henan Wuyang of Jiahu bone flutes (flute earliest dating back 8,000 years or so), Yangshao Xi’an Banpo ruins unearthed in the village of Xun, the Yin Ruins in Anyang unearthed stone Qing, wooden drum cavity python; Hubei tomb with the county (433 BC burial) unearthed bells, Chimes, hanging drums, drum construction, serrata drums, flutes, dulcimer, bamboo flute, harp and so on. These ancient instruments to demonstrate the wisdom and creativity of the Chinese nation.
Chinese name: Chinese musical instruments
The first flute dating back about 8,000 years
Contains all kinds of bells, Chimes, hanging drums, building drums, drums serrata
Meaning: in order to express, share thoughts and feelings
Material classification: gold, stone, earth, leather, silk, wood, gourd, bamboo
Music Group Category: blowpipe, plucked, pulling the strings, blow
1 Introduction
It can emit tones, and can be re-creation of musical art appliances. Humans through playing a musical instrument, in order to express, share thoughts and feelings. Definition of musical instruments, music and musical instruments, academics have different views. Music considered for vocal music is the musical instrument; the instrument is usually a lot of scholars in the field of non-music sound, such as the ancient war Ming Jin drumming, chanting religious prayers, weddings Etiquette signal annunciator solicit vendors, also regarded as musical instruments, utensils and even some production work and daily life utensils, such as: the bow, saw, pestle, pottery, cups, plates, cup, bowl, etc., during the play, they all preceded by the word music, called bows, music saws, music cup, music pestle and so on. The main products of the music production industry is basically a musical instrument involved in the music industry, which can be re-creation of musical art appliances, in addition to the production of a few potatoes, Camel, oil brands and travel speakers. Unlike musical production of industrial products. It requires not only the products are reasonably attractive appearance, must also have good acoustic quality, including sound, music and provisions pitch height. Thus the choice of material is very strict.
2 Development
With the rapid development of China’s national economy, accelerate the process of urbanization, the country attach importance to the development of cultural and sports industries, introduced various policy measures to support the development of cultural and sports industry, one of China’s manufacturing industry as a stylistic musical instrument industry more important sunrise industry , also made a good opportunity for development.
Chinese musical instrument manufacturing industry has been basically formed a relatively complete industrial production system, which can process all categories of musical instruments in the world, wide range, many varieties, some piano, violin, etc. West wind more than 1,200 different types of models, specifications 30000 multiple, piano and other instruments product categories have formed specialized production pattern, piano iron, sound board, hammer machine, housing and other major professional piano parts plants began to scale.
According to “China Musical Instrument Manufacturing industry sales forecast demand and investment analysis report Prospects” The data show that as of December 2010, the Chinese musical instrument industry enterprises above designated size 319, the total assets of 15.23 billion yuan, industrial sales output value reached 19.331 billion yuan, profit of 10.11 billion, number of employees 69,385 people. Among them, Guangdong Province, is China’s largest provincial music industry, “Eleventh Five-Year” instrument industrial sales output value reached 5.231 billion yuan, compared with the “15” end nearly doubled.
At the same time, Chinese musical instruments in the world market influence and competitiveness of the initial appearance, the price advantage of Chinese musical instruments, resources and continuously improve product quality to win the majority of the international instrument manufacturers, distributors and consumers. As of the end of December 2010, exports of Chinese musical instruments, 183 countries and regions, with exports amounting to 1.467 billion yuan, more than “15” end growth of 58.94%, exceeding the annual growth rate of 8% -10% planning. In 2008, China has jumped from the world’s third largest exporter of musical instruments to the world’s largest exporter of musical instruments, and has remained unchanged for three consecutive years. In the instrument the import side, the “Eleventh Five-Year” end of Chinese musical instrument imports expected to reach $ 229 million, more than “15” end increase 80.31 percent, with an average annual growth rate higher than the export growth rate more than three percentage points. Domestic musical instrument manufacturing industry has formed a Guangzhou Pearl River Piano Group, Beijing Xinghai Piano Group, Ningbo Hailun Piano Co., Ltd. and a number of modern instruments companies, which in terms of business scale, economic efficiency, production technology has attracted worldwide attention. In addition, a substantial increase in corporate brand products, the scale of operations and brand strategy are maturing, gradually raise the level of scientific research, product innovation and significant achievements, product quality increasingly strengthened, vocational training and personnel further strengthened. With the further implementation of the Chinese musical instrument brand strategy, the future will have more brands to enter the international, thereby enhancing the competitiveness of the industry.
3 Glossary
Any sound can be called human-made object musical instruments, all the instruments have a “specific sounds, or the issue of a voice, or a defined number of voice pitch, or at least provide material within a certain time-continuous noisy” ( She Funa, A.Schaeffner, 1946). This definition lists the tone, pitch and rhythm parameters, indicate that studies all the “everyday music tool” (from the tap to the west of the ancient bamboo
Piano), no matter how simple or complex structures, the use of any different, how different history, geography, culture and origin. The instrument’s features and concepts in a variety of ethnic cultures are not the same in each period, such as tools, weapons, containers and other utensils used in holiday rituals Jieke rhythm. This is the “generalized instrument”, also known as Xiangqi non-artistic fields, as defined by the academia, the broad musical instruments in China, such as: hanging bell tower, Tudor, when vendors selling shake rattle, Dageng chime with the Watchman, hunting with horns, used in military array copper angle, often referred to as a signal instrument. Moreover, toys, dishes, utensils, etc., such as diabolo, ring gyro, whistles, pottery, bowl, plates, bowls; “narrow instrument” usually refers to the performing arts for the musical instruments.
4 types of musical instruments
Many species of bamboo territory of China, to incomplete statistics there are about one hundred kinds. But to make Hulusi, Bau bamboo rarely, especially for the production of good quality Hulusi, Bau bamboo would be less. To Hulusi, Bau selection, we must first understand the types and distribution of bamboo, bamboo growing in China, we used to make Hulusi, Bau mainly bamboo, black bamboo, Pleioblastus, Bambusa Multiplex and so on. Most of these bamboo growing in China, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Yunnan, these provinces a little more in our production processes and practices to recognize that these bamboo grown more complex geology, mostly foggy spring, summer rain washed Pei, autumn weather is dry, relatively cold winter in this climate changing temper, they make these places bamboo hard, good density, ability to adapt to climate change is quite strong. There are these bamboo grows terrain, mostly on the shady slopes, terrain better drainage conditions, fertile soil, with these conditions, the growth is more robust physique out of bamboo. Choose bamboo: First, we must pay attention to cut bamboo period, the second is the need to create a different tone style selection, the third is the need to produce quality again Hulusi, Bau when further selection. After repeating this selection, so the market only the better to pick a tone Hulusi, Bau, first of all good or bad depends on the material he said. Felling of bamboo generally choose lunar twelfth lunar month is the best time cut, bamboo has less moisture because this time, not easy to be moth-eaten, while the felling of bamboo which, also pay attention to other issues, such as: To recognizes bamboo age, generally three to four years so bamboo is better, the other depends on whether the rounded shape of bamboo, bamboo whole grain thickness should be uniform, mingled old but looks smooth, Shiraia hard, Such bamboo was ideal, in the production of musical instruments, each site also has a bamboo make choices, hard to bamboo, bamboo ends of the inner diameter to be uniform wall thickness uniformity is better, it took Zizhu species of bamboo, the general from the fourth to the six-bamboo root to tip direction bamboo number is better, because this part of it in addition to undergo all sorts of old but smooth, hard things, it is whole grain bamboo fiber tissue regular activities so is the production of Hulusi, Bau Voice best choice section. Just not immediately cut to the bamboo used to make Hulusi, Bau, first stored in a vain rain, the sun can not, can not be wet storage place, a place with good ventilation, and other bamboo dry before it can be production. To be stored for at least six months or so is better, of course, the longer the length, and the best three to four months apart during storage require turning once, to prevent the bamboo moldy storage for too long, moth-eaten. Ancient musical instruments generally have a dual function – performance and practicality. That is not only the performance of these instruments musical instrument, but also a tool of labor productivity, or the life of appliances. As in “Lu ancient music piece” records are: “Yao Li, Naiming quality sound for the music quality is the efficiency of the mountains to the valley for the song, are based on moose leather pottery and drum set, the stone is pat. hit rock to like the sound of God Yu Qing, beasts that dance, “he said in the text with life utensils – pottery, cast from elk skin drum. The “pat stoning stone” is the ancestors to hunt stone, knocking into sound, to the accompaniment disguised as beasts of primitive dance. But also in the “Han Yang Yun Biography”:. “Drink ear hot, pottery pat his back, and called Wu Wu,” the records, describing people drunk interest big time, hitting the side of wine filled with pottery vessels, one side singing sky . The ancient stone was derived from some kind of chime may flake stone tools. It can be envisaged that’s their first long-term labor process, gradually found some stone-like tool producers can sound, can be used as musical instruments, then he invented a chime.
Usefulness of the instrument not only in the original production of certain musical instruments or live Appliances, and people use them to pass some specific living. As drum battle, Ming Jin received array, bell Drum, Dageng timekeeping, paving the way, drumming Shengtang like. Some minority still retains deliver love to play the opening chord of information in China, the opening chord has become a tool to express love and keepsake.
Instrument development and social development and improve productivity have a close relationship. Evolved from stone to metal chime of bells chime and the emergence of metal, in the Stone Age is simply not possible, only when humans mastered the higher smelting technology to become! Only when the invention and development of sericulture and silk reeling industry, it may have a “wire attached to the wood on,” the lyre, harp, zither.
Instruments of the Qin Dynasty, found in literature there are nearly 70 kinds. Only in the “Book of Songs,” a book that is mentioned in 29 species, there are 21 kinds of percussion drums, bells, Zheng, chime, pottery, bells, wind instruments have flute, pipe, six kinds Xun, sheng, etc., playing stringed instruments There are two kinds of piano, harp and so on. Due to greatly increase the variety of musical instruments, and so have the instruments according to the different materials and divided in Zhou Dynasty: gold, stone, earth, leather, silk, wood, gourd, bamboo eight categories, called “octave” classification.
Marquis Yi of Zeng in Hubei Province with the county tomb underground music hall, save the 124 ancient instruments. Whether it is weighing five thousand kilos of instruments –64 pieces giant bells, or in the shape, the production is very delicate and painted drums, panpipes, Sheng, Joseph, have revealed to us the Warring States Chinese music culture Availability highly developed, it is the witness of Chinese ancient musical instruments glorious creation.
Since the Qin and Han dynasties, and the emerging of a new instrument. Such as the emergence of a new type of bomb stringed Qin – “people string drum used by peddlers and Drum.” Chord drum used by peddlers is a circular speaker, lute straight shank, the latter to the Han dynasty developed into a “Chinese lute” four chord twelve columns, known as “Ruanxian.”
The Chinese nation is a good absorption of the nation, since the Han Dynasty, has drawn a large number of exotic instruments. Such as the Han Dynasty (BC 140 – before 87 years) Zhang Qian Western incoming cross-blow (also known flute); Emperor Ling of Han incoming vertical harp (once called Hu harp; Jin Dynasty about 350 years ago, in AD from Xinjiang, Gansu passing along the “crooked lute,” the Ming Dynasty was introduced to dulcimer and suona etc. These external instruments, through continuous improvement, so that they gradually become China’s national instrument is an important member of the big family.
In the history of Chinese musical development, it is worth noting that bowed instrument has significantly later than percussion, wind instruments and play stringed instruments. According to historical records, the Tang Dynasty (AD 618–907 years) to appear in bamboo rolling of the “yazheng” and “haegeum” (in the Song as “Ji Qin”). Qin Ji Song dynasty with horsetail bow pull-outs, and the emergence of the “erhu” name. As Song Shen Kuo in his “Dream Pool Essays” Cloud: “horsetail violin with Chinese car, the song sound like a complaint Chanyu.” Since the Yuan Dynasty, develop into various types based on haegeum bowed instrument, the violin.
China’s “Blow, playing, playing, drawing,” the four musical instruments, through a long historical period. After the founding of New China, to heritage impure sound of the instrument, temperament is not uniform, the volume imbalance, redeployment is not convenient, standard pitch fixed pitch between the instruments is not uniform, the lack of bass and other deficiencies in the integrated band, a lot of exploration and reform, has made great achievements, and the emergence of a number of achievements.
