Mongolian region popular four Hu, four Hu Han areas of the same shape and often use mahogany, rosewood production, mostly Qintong eight square, python or leather mask with a face, pegs and shaft bore no taper, use string tension tight hole finale to fix, some still piano bar, mosaic patterns inlaid with mother on Qintong for decoration, bamboo grass lines with horsetail for bow, bow rod length 10 cm in the middle of the package inserts copper or steel, ivory roots loaded bone or wooden knobs, Zhang stringed or steel strings. There are four Hu bass, midrange and treble four four Hu Hu three.
A bass four Hu
Bass four Hu, Mongolian stringed instrument bow to pull. Hu, also known as a senior and a good Noble four Hu, widely popular in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of pastoral and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral.
Pastoral bass four Hu, in order to facilitate the right to carry, piano body can dismantle into several parts, namely a Qintong, two parts piano bar, pegs and bows and so on. Qintong earliest wood hollowed out with a whole paragraph from a cylindrical cavity, tube length 30 cm, diameter 15 cm to 20 cm in front barrel mouth Mongolian sheepskin, horsehide or calf skin for the face, the back-end tube exposure . Subsequently Qintong also made with hardwood round, hexagonal or eight square. Wooden piano bar, mostly in half, length 110 cm, Zhang four casing strings, stringed or copper strings. Bows with wood or switchgrass as a lever, the two ends together with horsetail, 85 cm long bow. Mainly popular jirem League, Zhaowuda Union and Hing’an other places. Mainly used for Mongolian and Mongolian Noble good rap concert Uli Siegel accompaniment.
Bass agricultural and pastoral areas of four Hu, Qintong multi bamboo or hard wood production, cylindrical or eight square, tube length 25 cm, diameter (or diagonal) 14 cm. Hard wooden piano bar, rod length 108 cm, can be used solo, instrumental ensemble or for rap and dance accompaniment.
1950s, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and other ethnic musical instrument luthier Zhang Chunhua, reforms made polyphony cylinder four Hu and Hu bass four shapes unity. Qintong was eight square, Flashlight from the inside and outside of two layers, each layer consists of eight rectangular hardwood slats split glued together. Tube length 20 cm, diameter (diagonal) 11.5 cm. Piano bar by the upper and lower halves are bonded together, length 105 cm, at the interface package has 5 cm long copper. Pegs length 20 cm, Qin Ma bamboo or wooden, stringed sheets or steel strings, Xizhu Department horsetail bow, bow length 61 cm, bow rod 10 cm long middle pack copper, animal bones or wooden bow mounted roots knob. Can be used for solo, ensemble or as rap, dance accompaniment.
Four famous musicians Soma Hu, Hu specifications for four solo is: Qintong oval, tube length 20.5 cm, front barrel mouth with thin leather for the face mask, tube high 10.5 cm, width 12 cm cylinder. A total length of 100 cm piano bar
, Jin from Qintong 42.5 cm, 50 cm long bow.
In the Beijing Palace Museum, the collection of a Qing collection of violin, materials and shapes are more distinctive, Qintong system for Pao, was eight square, 14 cm tube length, tube mouth before a face mask with thin wood, wide 11.5 cm high 10.7 cm, 0.4 cm thick, tortoiseshell trim, width 0.6 cm, the inside of the mouth after the tube has a border, the center of the sound hole, diameter 4.3 cm. Piano bar is a cylinder, the Department made with the owner, rod length 88.3 cm, the upper end of the headstock decoration for beast, carved rosewood department with head length 9.6 cm. Piano bar portion axis, all right, shaft length 15.2 cm. Piano bar and exposed through the lower end Qintong outside strings for tying and tied with yellow silk ear for decoration. Central panel set the bridge. Xizhu Department for bow ponytail two beams, a large bow rod bend, bow length 32 cm. This piano is Qing products, has been used in court music ensemble Fan department.
When playing bass four Hu, placed his left leg will Qintong roots headstock is slightly oblique to the left, left hand holding the piano Anxian, right hand bow pull-outs. For accompaniment, the usual five-degree relationship tune a stringed instrument is: G, G, d, d, range G-g1, there are two octaves. Mainly with his left index finger, ring finger at the second joint Anxian, sometimes with the middle finger or ring finger nail under the top chord from the strings instead of Anxian, and still playing the chord from the strings, much to the little finger to play the first bit of portamento and overtone, commonly used vibrato, portamento, overtone, playing sound and vibrato and other techniques. Commonly played in the right-hand part of the bow and percussion Qintong rod with a bow to enhance rhythm, melody off a warm atmosphere. When used solo or instrumental ensemble, tuning up five degrees increase, often tune a stringed instrument is: d, d, a, a, range d-d2, there are two octaves. In addition to commonly used techniques, the left thumb nails plucked the strings with his right hand in the bow stem Qintong percussion, often with his right thumb, index finger, middle finger flick Qintong leather strings with his left hand nail bombs, these are four unique HU playing techniques. Bass four Hu pronunciation mellow and beautiful, deep, rich timbre, Mongolian rap music, folk instrumental ensemble, an important accompaniment to pull stringed bass.
“Uli Siegel,” is a history of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the long tradition of widespread rap art, Han called Mongolian storytellers or violin book. Is usually caused by a person with a bass four Hu Zilazichang. Fifties and sixties of the 20th century, the famous Paje and Lahaina rare two old artist, bass sihu they use inlaid with decorative inlaid with mother, a very delicate process, and in the middle of the bow also inlaid steel rod or ivory, playing Qintong up bow rod and carom out rhythmic sound, like a clapper in general, there is a sense in crisp and bright, rich melodious sound of the piano. This four Hu has been included in “Chinese musical illustrations” among large pictures. Mongolian storytelling, rich in melody, simple health
Kang, rich grassland characteristics, deeply loved by the Mongolian people.
Bass four Hu long Mongolian folklore, there were many highly skilled performer, such as Soma, Alatan warehouses and so on. Soma is known folk artist, is the pride of the Mongolian people, he old piano, 哈斯玛 under the guidance of a teacher, playing piano rapid progress, the eighteen-year-old is already prestigious ukulele hands down. In 1955 he participated in the National Assembly to observe the masses of amateur music and dance performances, and received the Outstanding Performance Award for his performance of “hurry”, “octave opera” and “boring work” three four Hu solo mastering the album. 1956, Soma with Chinese culture and arts delegation to Czechoslovakia at the 11th “Prague Spring” International Music Festival, when he has received the honorable title of national folk artists. Soma with his life energy, creatively developed four Hu playing skills, like playing hoof drum sound, bell-like tone to play, Braun-like melody tone buckle, spring-like buzz of point sound, like wind, wind and rain the sweeping sound, waterfall falling stream sound, and dances like a roaring sound, is Soma unique artistic crystallization. 1970 the disease claimed his life, leaving the world of Soma are: “Inner four chord solo album”, “Soma four chord played Law,” “Soma melodies one hundred” and three four solo strings song album. It is also valuable than gold heritage, it is like pearls in a flash, for young players to illuminate the four Hu art road leading to the palace. Hu’s four-bass traditional songs are: “Miles”, “first came to Mary,” “British Dutch flower”, “octave”, etc., compose songs are: “python Goose,” “octave opera” and “hurry”, etc. .
2 alto four Hu
Alto four Hu, Mongolian stringed instrument bow to pull. Popular in Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other provinces of agricultural areas and farming and pastoral areas. Shape with the bass four Hu, smaller. Qintong cylindrical, with a thin brass plates welded roll, tube length 16 cm, diameter 10 cm, before the tube mouth to Mongolia to python or leather surface, tube estuary with copper hoop fastening piece rear end exposure , mouth-site copper border. Neck piano bar with a piece of mahogany or ebony wood production, total length 90 cm. Headstock flat, on the set axis, Zhang has four stringed or copper strings, two beams of horsetail Department Xizhu bow, bow length 68 cm.
Playing posture, methods and techniques are the same as with the bass four Hu. Tenor four Hu relations often tune a stringed instrument by five degrees for d1, d1, a1, a1, range d1-d3, there are two octaves, mellow and bright. Can be used for solo, ensemble, instrumental ensemble or as a storyteller, rap concerts and other musical accompaniment. Four Hu Trio and folk music ensemble in the main unit. It often and treble four Hu trio together, and with the treble four Hu, dances, banjo, and other instruments do not think the fire ensemble. Four tenor tune a stringed instrument ensemble Trio Hu was lower than the treble four Hu, tuning up for c1, c1, g1, g1. Range c1-c3. More famous tenor soloist has four Hu Sun Liang, towards Lu, Wu Yunlong, Zhaoshuang Hu, Green Grenoble maps. Four Hu solo alto and treble same four tracks Hu, Hu adaptation of four Trio song has “asl”, “Skiles board” and “Mongolia octave” and so on.
3 treble four Hu
Treble four Hu, Mongolian stringed instrument bow to pull. Also known as the Mongolian small four Hu. Is restructuring on the basis of civil society on a small four Hu. Crisp sounds that can be used solo, instrumental ensemble. Popular in Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other provinces.
Folk small four Hu, Qintong bamboo or wooden, cylindrical or tubular Plus, four, four strings, sheets or stringed gut strings, sound more rugged. Art Institute of Music in Beijing, China Institute of Chinese musical instrument museum, a collection of a small four Hu. Qintong wooden, double, was Octagon barrel, barrel length of 13.3 cm, diameter 7 cm, Mongolia python to face. Chai wooden piano bar, length 77 cm, flat headstock, inlaid with bone ornaments. Axis, four strings. Bows length 72 cm, equipped with spiral tail bow, adjustable bow hair tension. Quintana painted dark brown paint. This piano was originally a famous Beijing Opera artist Mei Lanfang collections, 1958 Mei to donate countries.
1960s, the four musicians Sun Liang Hu, Lu and violin towards technicians 张纯华 et al cooperation, based on folk four Hu, referring to the bass and midrange four four Hu Hu specifications, will treble the existing four Hu unified form system: Qintong was Octagon barrel, with eight sheets fight stick made of hardwood, 14 cm tube length, before opening Monte python or thin leather for the face, face diameter (diagonal) 9 cm. Piano bar with hardwood production, total length 80 cm, flat headstock, the home axis, shaft length 17 cm. Skin surface have the bridge set, Zhang four steel strings. Xizhu Department two beams horsetail bow, bow length 78 cm.
The early 1990s, the four musicians in collaboration with Hu luthier, has successfully developed two treble four Hu. Art Institute of Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia University 赵双虎 Chamber ensembles Folk Instruments section Jun co-developed by four double Qintong Hu treble, volume, large, sound pure, and spreads good. Access to the Ministry of Culture in 1990 Sidengjiang cultural and technological progress. Mandula Inner Mongolia National Theatre in collaboration with two light Folk Instruments week Hohhot India, developed four double sleeve treble Hu, piano bar mounted on the outside Qintong, wooden jin, pitch can be adjusted, based on the traditional piano range the expansion of five degrees. Access to the Ministry of Culture in 1991 Culture and Technology Progress Award.
While playing, the use of sitting, the piano placed on the left leg, left hand supporting the piano bar, with the index finger, middle finger, ring finger, little finger that belly Anxian second joint, the medial thumb touch the strings, right hand rosin the bow stick placed between four strings pull-outs, multi-use a bow a tone. Treble four Hu relationship tune a stringed instrument by five degrees for d1, d1, a1, a1, range d1-d4, there are three octaves. Melodious sounds crisp, beautiful sounds, the volume is large. Playing skills have left portamento, vibrato, playing sound, overtones, two-tone, tone doubles, two overtones, etc., right hand technique and erhu similar. Mainly used for solo, ensemble, instrumental ensemble. Often with alto four Hu, dances, banjo, Yatuo Karma or fire do not think of other instruments trio or ensemble. More famous treble four musicians have Sun Liang Hu, towards Lu, Wu Yunlong, Zhaoshuang Hu, Green Mandula Grenoble maps and so on. Treble four Hu traditional songs are: “octave”, “flower waist tune”, “Dutch English flower”, “Han Xiuying,” “English De Lema”, “agricultural En Jiya”, “asl”, “hurry “and so on, compose songs include:” Mongolian octave twelve tone “,” asl twelve tone “,” East Union Mongolian folk songs played, “” joy prairie, “” white horse, “” Wrangler Youth “and “dressage hand” and so on.
