Caron , Uygur playing stringed instruments . Zeng said seventy erxian pipa, Kaer Nai . Popular in Kashi , Hotan, Markit , Yarkand and Hami
1 Introduction
Caron , Uygur playing stringed instruments . Ming the Uyghur shells plucked instruments. Qing history books once said seventy erxian pipa, Kaer Nai . Historic , unique, crisp sound . Can be used for solo, ensemble or accompaniment, is playing a large divertimento ” Muqam ” is inseparable from the bomb stringed instruments . Markit popular in southern Xinjiang , Kashgar , Hotan , Yarkand area and eastern Xinjiang Hami and other places. From Central Asia into China in the Yuan Dynasty ‘s play stringed instruments .
2 , the source
Caron ‘s name originated from Greece. Caron was first circulated in Xinjiang Markit use , the first one produced by Markit hair Raman is he to do with an empty trunk Populus piano box with Mongolia to thin wood , Zhang gut strings together, then I do not know yet its name, only referred to as ” the voice of the wooden box .” Around the early 20th century , folk Caron was using some metal strings . Performance uses the vibrato unit , the legend is the nephew of Ulla Markit hair Raman splashed Wan by wood · inspired by birdsong , the inventions of the vibrato is “wide Sita Fu ” was originally a sheep ‘s leg with , and later instead of metal. According to Wada person Mullah Exelon wooden spit Lamujizi book ” History of the musician ” ( a book in Muharram 1271 , the year 1854 ) and “worship Kay history”, ” Turk – Tatar history ” and other historical records, the card Dragon is a famous scholar and musician Ai Fu Uighur Nasr Farabi ( about 870-905 ) created the . He has been using this musical “Twelve Muqam ” oldest ” Mubarak “, ” Wuxia Ke ” and Okuma and intermezzo . In his book ” music book ,” said Karyo as ” Meads Ave ” , there were forty-five strings. Later spread to the vast region and the Arab East and West in many countries . AD 1258 Mongol Hulagu expedition , occupation of Baghdad ( China known as the “newspaper of the country ” ) , the Abbasid dynasty , had brought back seventy erxian lute. Yuan Kan Guo ( Guo Baoyu ‘s grandson ) , who accompanied Hulagu expedition , ” Yuan Shi Guo Baoyu Biography” , Yuan Liu Yu “West makes mind” were recorded in the matter. This is probably seventy erxian lute Caron came to China ‘s name. Included in the Qing court Huibu music . Qing ” Imperial Qing Hui map “: ” Ka Ernai , steel strings eighteen , like secular dulcimer . Rip wood in the imaginary , straight left and right song , the former wide after cutting , …… take the finger of the hand or with wood dial bomb . ”
3 , historical records
According to historical records , Caron piano is great Uyghur scholars and musicians Abu Nasr Farabi ( ca. 870-950 years ) invented Farabi was born in the Altai region ( According to ” History of musicians ” ) in records, according to legend Farabi hollowed out a section of thick poplar , with the bones do piano axis , with gut strings do , created the first Caron . Later, instead of poplar wood case with a resonance box , steel strings instead of gut , iron shaft instead of animal bones , improved Caron piano sound more melodious , won the people’s favorite . He had played piano with Caron “Twelve Muqam ” oldest ” Mubarak “, ” Wuxia Ke ” and Okuma and intermezzo . Around the early 20th century , folk Caron was using some metal strings . Performance uses the vibrato unit , the legend is the nephew of Ulla Markit hair Raman splashed Wan by wood · inspired by birdsong , the inventions of the vibrato is “wide Sita Fu ” ( for ” bird chirping ” meaning ) , originally used a sheep leg , and later switched to metal production.
4 History
Overview
Wada Uighurs Mullah Exelon wooden spit Lamujizi historical documents written in Uighur music , ” musicians History ” records: Caron is a medieval world-famous musicians, Uyghur scholar Ai Fu Nasr Farabi create the . As early as 1300 years ago , Caron in West Babylon , Assyria and other ancient appeared. Legends of folk artists from Mecca Caron who created the grid section Bayle , Bayle section grid worked in front of Islam ‘s founder Muhammad played through it , because playing skills transcendence , when even the birds of the air have been attracted to front of the church to listen . Caron in West Asia , North Africa, is quite popular in the Arab region is one of the main playing stringed instruments . Initially only ten strings , later evolving .
Reform
The beginning of the 10th century , the introduction of the Arab Abbasid ( AD 750 -1257 years ) . Arab world famous musicologist Ai Fu Nasr Farabi ( 870 years -950 years ) for Caron reform , so that the structure Caron has changed a lot , playing performance has been significantly improved , in his with important documents ” music book” in this instrument has been recorded , then known as ” Meads Ave ” , has 45 strings . 13th century Arab musicians Safavid · Aldine , who called it ” Nuzihabu .” Thereafter Caron spread to vast areas of Arabia and the East , many Western countries . Modern Arab region popular Caron , the strings are mostly 70 or so, at least by 63 , up to a maximum of 84 persons , three strings as a group, the same degree of pitch , range of about three octaves .
Incoming China
Caron is from Central Asia into China in the Yuan Dynasty elastic strings . Mid-13th century , the Mongolian Hulagu expedition , occupied Baghdad ( China known as the newspaper of the country ) , the demise of the Abbasid dynasty , and brought back seventy erxian lute. Yuan Kan Guo ( Guo Baoyu ‘s grandson ) was accompanied Hulagu expedition . The facts in the Yuan Dynasty Liu Yu ‘s “West makes mind” has set: ” Dimba years ( AD 1257 ) to take over the country reported . …… Stringed lute thirty-six . …… A new actor for lute seventy-two chord . ” in the” Yuan Shi Guo Baoyu Biography ” ( Volume III sixteen ) also contained : ” suddenly drop in the count beach . …… of 71 erxian lute . ” this is probably seventy erxian lute Caron the name came to China . To the Qing Dynasty , Caron called Kaer Nai , was included in the court Huibu music ( ie Uighur music ) .
Historical records
Qing ” Imperial Qing Hui map” ( volume IV eleven ) contains: ” Ka Ernai , steel strings eighteen , like secular dulcimer , an imaginary rip wood , left straight right song , the former wide after cutting , …… to take the finger of the hand or with wooden dial bomb . ” left straight right song here is based on the location of the book in terms of the drawings . Then steel strings eighteen , seventeen of which is double strings , the longest string of the first single-stringed bass . Qing ” Dynasty ritual schemata ” and ” Book of General Qing continued ,” also chronicles the shapes and painted images. Caron was first circulated in Xinjiang Markit use , the first one produced by Markit hair is Raman , use an empty trunk do Populus piano box with Mongolia to thin wood , Zhang gut strings together, did not yet know name , only referred to as ” the voice of the wooden box .” Around the early 20th century , folk Caron was using some metal strings . Performance uses the vibrato unit , the legend is the nephew of Ulla Markit hair Raman splashed Wan by wood · inspired by birdsong , the inventions of the vibrato is “wide Sita Fu ” ( for ” bird chirping ” meaning ) , originally used a sheep leg , and later switched to metal production. 1930s , Shanghai Datong Club folk music community , has produced a set of Chinese ancient folk instruments , a total of 143 , of which there Ka Ernai one , but the production is only just mimic , did not make any improvements. In 1985, China ‘s famous music historian Yin Method Lo , in the ” Chinese Music ” magazine published the first issue of the ” Cultural exchanges and explore the ancient Chinese and Western music ” thesis that Caron had spread and ancient Chinese harp lying closely . Wrote: ” Xinjiang still commonly used ‘ Caron ‘, that is a kind of musical instrument harp lying .”
5 , shape features
Caron speaker Chengbian trapezoidal shape of semi- assertive piano , piano box mulberry wood , walnut wood , panels, floor pine wood . Middle of the panel and open a round sound hole inlay flower-shaped acoustic window on the right set Yamaguchi . Piano strings tied to the left side plate set screw and right side plates set tuning knob . Panel left and right sides respectively, set barcode , activity code . Zhang group of sixteen or eighteen steel strings , each string two homonyms . Front length 42 , back length 72 , width 50 , thickness 13 cm . Reform of the seventies made Caron , shape change , increase speaker to enhance the volume, Zhang twenty-two pairs of strings, contrabass d, arranged by seven pentatonic scale , the range d-d3, extended to three eight degrees .
Playing, piano placed in wooden or table , right hand holding bamboo , wooden paddles wearing finger or forefinger to play , left hand holding iron vibrato device ( commonly known as ” push wipe ” ) or the up or down and move around , resulting in a variety of ornamentation . Right skills a single bomb , two bombs, bombs and more bombs and fast ; left hand skills real tones, portamento , fluttering sound , pressure chord vibrato . Has now developed into a hands armed wave of films, and executive vibrato is left to play . Primarily for singing ” multi Lang Maqam ” and ” Hami Muqam ” accompaniment , ensemble and solo. Modern Uygur folk pop Caron piano , piano with mulberry wood , resonance box has a hollow flat trapezoid , left right song straight , the shape of the left half assertive piano . It consists of piano frame , panels , floor, Yamaguchi , Qin Ma , tying strings nails, string button and strings and other components. Piano box is a resonance box around the border , with the length , thickness, width consistent four mulberry wood production, which left frame plate should first immersed in water, and then bake the desired camber . Piano frame and lower sides were glued to a sheet made of mulberry wood and floor panels . There are several on the panel to open a small round sound hole and form a variety of patterns , the left edge glued panels curved Yamaguchi . Piano bar horse horse horse and two kinds of activities , their position is not fixed , you can move . Left panel set number of activities , horse peak slightly pointed , arranged in a curve ; panel on the right set an elongated strip , horse peak than the tip , which is set on more than a thick steel wire . Right frame plate is placed tied strings nails, left frame plate has a string button , the same number of strings , are wooden , rotary knob to adjust the pitch of the string . In the first frame plate piano box , multi- carved Uighur style design patterns .
6 , the production process
Caron Zhang has 16 groups or 18 groups of strings , each string of two homonyms . Strings using metal strings , used to be copper wire , now commonly used steel strings . Chord sound of soft copper , steel strings sound crisp. More common Caron , 15 sets of steel stringed ago , the last set of bass strings with a copper wire . Nude strings strings were used , the type of wound strings, according to the diameter of the string , given the level of different length have other sound . Bass strings ( nearly performer ) thick and long, thin and short treble strings . Caron past folk pop , folk artists , mostly homemade occupied . After the 1950s , Urumqi City, according to Burke embankment musical instrument musical instrument and Kashi in southern Xinjiang , the Uyghur people provide a well-made Caron . Piano box frame plate used in all walnut production, use patterns and floor panels smooth soft pine , with this material , can pronounce sensitive resonance box , larger volume . Yamaguchi and Qin Ma also use harder Muk production. By the 1970s , the Urumqi City in accordance with the musical instrument musician embankment Burke cooperation made reform Caron . Caron in maintaining the traditional shape and structure , based on significantly increased resonance box , piano box behind about 100 cm long , white pine or spruce panel is made , there is a large circular central opening sound hole inlay decoration on a beautiful crocheted acoustic window . Left frame plate by the vertical shape to the arc -shaped BARS , easy set -axis tuning . Instead of using wooden pegs dulcimer strings metal button on the right to change the position of the strip is placed horse middle of the panel , the shape is also changed from the straight and the left border of the corresponding curve. Strings has increased to 22 groups. Not only pronunciation crisp , loud, loud volume , but also extends the range to facilitate the playing skills of the play. In the first frame plate resonance box , inlaid with a more decorative panels, carved out of its rich ethnic style of design patterns .
7, the way of playing
Playing, the Caron placed wooden or table , in front slightly , slightly behind nearly played by the piano player tilted slightly to the side . Right thumb and forefinger executive wooden or bamboo paddles wearing finger or forefinger to pronounce plucked strings , playing the melody, the left thumb , forefinger and middle finger grip iron vibrato device ( also known as ” push wipe ” ) or the up or down and move around to produce a variety of decorative tone. Right skills bombs , dial , sweep, draw , two bombs, bombs and more bombs and fast , left hand techniques with real sound , portamento , vibrato and tremolo strings such pressure . Caron ‘s lowest note is tuned in G, or c, arranged by seven pentatonic scale , range G-a2. Reform of the 22 groups chord Caron ‘s range of c-e3, up more than three octaves. Caron also often played songs of the modal scale tune a stringed instrument , such as a lower number of songs , put b as bb, one liter number of songs , put f as # f. Caron sound crisp and bright , clank sweet, especially the left hand played chant melody tone portamento decorated with a unique style , suitable for playing a slow song. Reform Caron playing techniques to be innovative , has been developed for hands armed wave , can play the melody , the left middle finger, ring finger and executive conjunction play the Yin vibrato tone , portamento , it not only playing faster music, various intervals can freely play the dual tone . Can be used for solo, instrumental ensemble or folk dance accompaniment, with abundant expression.
Caron piano music is sometimes played out like a gurgling water, gurgle and flow ; sometimes like a spring breeze four overflowing angustifolia fragrant , fresh and supple, Qinren the heart ; sometimes like a white dove in the blue sky flying leisurely manner , deftly whipped ; sometimes you will suddenly heard an eagle crying. lengthy unsteadily , across the sky , it is refreshing …… rich and expressive , beautiful sound , light fine melodious sounding euphemism Caron piano , is Uighur most ancient stringed musical instruments, folk stringed instrument , on behalf of the history books say seventy erxian pipa, ” Ka Ernai ” shape resembles dulcimer , clear and melodious sound , similar to zither, but brighter than the zither sound is played classical music “Twelve Muqam ” indispensable instrument. It is prevalent in the Markit Xinjiang , Kashgar , Hotan , Yarkand area and Hami and other places.
8 , and cultural life
In the southern and eastern Xinjiang Uighur masses , every festival , wedding, summer night or after harvest , people often gathered together, singing and dancing at the ” Mai Xi if P ” to express the inner joy, young men and women is passed affection. Caron was ” Mai Xi if P ” in play ” Twelve Muqam ” is inseparable from the instrument , but also singing ” Multi Lang Maqam ” and ” Hami Muqam ” the main accompaniment of musical instruments , especially playing ” multi Lang Maqam ” part of rubato , style can best play its rich features. Caron has been used Uygur band, which it often, and Sa Seoul , Bi Bi , a chord ( main playing strings )多朗艾捷克and multi Long hot wap ensemble with other instruments , and occasionally play alone , and sometimes the player also sing . Caron played music, and more from ” Multi Lang Maqam ” and ” Twelve Muqam .” Were famous “multi Lang Dance “, ” Glide ” , “Happy Song “, ” Ga Maqam Pradesh Intermezzo ” and ” wood Xia Wu hot g Maqam Intermezzo ” and so on . Famous musicians to Mana Hong Su , Ismail Ahmat and so on.
