Month: July 2013

According to legend, one of the famous Song Dynasty kilns, origin is still unknown. Handed products recognized Ge kiln device, its tires are black, dark gray, light gray and yellowish brown variety, known as black and gray tires with steel frame.
Ge kiln is the literature of one of five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty, has been subjected to collectors, connoisseurs, archaeologists and other experts of the attention and concern of the research on Ge kiln has never stopped and the ascendant. However, so far not find the exact kiln. Ge Kiln porcelain is very precious, according to statistics, there are about a hundred pieces worldwide, far less than the number of surviving Yuan blue and white.

The earliest documented on Ge kiln visible in the Ming Dynasty “Xuande Ding Yi spectrum”: “hidden within the library firewood, Ru, officer, brother, Jun, fixed the kiln utensils ……”, due to be transferred to the Five firewood burned in the kiln; Later it listed only five famous kilns, that officer, brother, Ru, fixed, Jun.
As one of the five famous kilns Geyao, with constant discovery of literature and archaeological data to enrich the understanding of Ge porcelain has become more clear. However; literature due to the lack of the same generation and future generations literature often it reads, fragmented, and some conflicting, still unable to uncover the layers of veil, showing its true face. Despite decades of archaeological material associated with the Ge porcelain data increasing, and is based on the kind of information to solve a number of outstanding issues, but after their initial surprise, when I look back, it was found that these physical data and the resulting conclusions not correspond with the literature often described, and some even diametrically opposed. Therefore, Ge porcelain problem remains dense fog.
Ge kiln just as a colorful radiant glowing pearl, one can only afar its accolades, but can not see it real style.

Text associated with Ge kiln Yuan positive first seen in twenty-three years (1363) Kong Qi “to the integrity of mind”: “Yi Wei Dong in Hangzhou, the city of his brother by a Hong Ding dong kiln, fine quality is new, its color shiny as the old creation, the knowledgeable hesitation. would Jingxi Wang Weng Yiyun, recently brother kiln categories must ancient kiln, can not distinguish fine too. “is generally believed that this refers brother and brother-hole kiln kiln is Geyao “categories must ancient kiln” are also described in the literature and later Geyao feature match. Subsequently Ming Dynasty, “Xuande Ding Yi spectrum”, said: “Matsu worship the god of the lion head Horseshoe furnace, italics Ge kiln style, high-five-inch six points …… furnace”, the article, which mentions “Font Geyao style” and therefore Ge kiln Song Dynasty kilns is considered to be logical.
Geyao ever found really addressed earliest literature when pushed deep Ming Lu “Spring Hall Essay”: “Ge kiln, plain broken lines, number one hundred rubbish broken. Song has a chapter raw, raw two brothers, both at the state people of Okinawa main fields Longquan kiln, raw two TAO is pure as jade, are expensive for the world, that of the class kiln, pottery students a pale, named Ge kiln. “Lu deep, the word Ziyuan , Shanghai, Chin Hongzhi eighteen years, died in Jiajing twenty-three years (1545). Clear from the context of the Ge porcelain firing in Longquan sulfur fields, this name Ryukyu Tian large kiln, the central region of Longquan kiln. However, nineteen years of Ming Dynasty (1591) Gao Lian “Zunsheng eight chien” there differcence: “Character magnification and Ge kiln two kiln firing all the same …… not easily, noted for example be seen by the so-called official , burning within the Division in Song repair, in order to build local administrative officials also, the kiln in Hangzhou Phoenix mountain …… Ge porcelain burning in private, borrow all here. kiln hidden patterns, such as the quality of the crab claw, the quality of the hidden Ge porcelain patterns, such as roe, but not as good as the official feed sauce good ear …… “, the text” borrow all here “Geyao origin has been set at Hangzhou. After the previous two versions, is the most typical of the Ming Dynasty literature on Ge’s “origin says.”
Ming and Qing, deals Ge kiln literature more and more, but mostly the product of transcription interpretation of previous writings, followed the “Spring Hall Essay” and “Zunsheng eight memo,” said. However, for the description of the characteristics Ge kiln artifacts touches more specific, more clear. Comprehensive information on all kinds of literature, Ge kiln is characterized by: tire color dark brown, glaze Binglie glaze mostly powder blue or gray-green. Because color than black and tire temperatures while pouring juice glazed rim artifacts were hidden tire color, so purple iron foot is said; glaze layer has a small rough opening film, fine person that the “hundred rubbish broken.” According to the literature provides clues to people in Zhejiang Longquan kilns and large Xikou found to produce similar artifacts kiln. Its products for the black tire opening piece, powder blue and gray glaze with blue-based, monochrome pattern lines should be buried caused by pad fever. Average age of these characteristics and firing with the literature described exactly. So far, five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty Ge Kiln become conclusive, the firing dating to the late Southern Song Dynasty, the origin of Longquan, Zhejiang.

However, shortly after it was discovered that a class of features consistent with Ge kiln and Ge porcelain produced with the characteristics of Longquan has other artifacts. Such artifacts are also black tire opening piece, purple iron foot, but its mostly fried rice yellow glaze, some gray-green; ridge of black and yellow, commonly known as “gold wire”; branch nailed with burn unit type is also different. Since these objects only National Palace Museum, Shanghai Museum, the National Palace Museum in Taiwan, which are small collections, not seen in tombs unearthed, it is called “handed down Ge porcelain”, and said that by the middle of Longquan “Longquan Ge porcelain.” Since the 1990s, people handed down Ge-depth study, but due to the kiln Ge porcelain handed down without a trace can be identified, it’s sometimes hard nature and inconclusive. One view was that handed down the Southern Song Dynasty Ge porcelain should be described in the literature within the Division kiln repair. The reason is that, according to Gu Jian Song “negative Xuan Miscellany,” the understanding of repair within the kiln product quality is superior to the Secretary under Jiaotan kiln, but so far without a trace repair within the Division kiln, but no way of knowing its Product features, while the existing physical data is only handed down.
Origin of the name

One legend
According to legend, the Song Dynasty Longquan Kiln Triumph brothers all the main thing, brother who said Ge kiln, one of the Song Dynasty kilns. Kilns were first seen in the early Ming Dynasty Xuande years of the “Xuande Ding Yi spectrum,” a book within the library are hiding “Cai, Yu, officer, brother, Jun, will be.” Jiajing forty-five inscribed “seven draft revised draft class continued” called “Geyao and Longquan Longquan County are the source state; Southern Song Dynasty, there is a chapter of Health, the Health and two brothers, one of the main kiln, pottery was born a brother kiln, to name it is also, Zhang was born two pottery Longquan to names also its colors are blue, shades; their feet are iron color, but also shades. old news purple feet, this rare Yan, but soil pulse, glaze purists expensive; Ge kiln is more broken lines, Xiao Yue one hundred very broken “;” at Fu Zhi “also contains:” From its birth to a brother, the Lord of the kiln, are pouring white broken lines , number one hundred very broken, also ranks first when the world, “Cao Zhao” ancient to be on the grid “,” old Geyao color blue, shades, some purple iron foot. ”
Qing Dynasty Blue Pu “Jingdezhen pottery record” Volume “town antique kiln exams on” Ge kiln records, Ge kiln, Song of the burning of the sulfur Tian Longquan kilns, brothers surnamed Zhang at the state of man-made, each student a brother ; was not their pottery, said Ge kiln. Soil thin veins purple, quality is quite thin, the color green shades. Purple iron foot, multi-grain cracked off as roe. Glaze but beige, powder blue two kinds of juice purists expensive, Tang “Stanford test,” says: ancient Ge kiln devices, hidden patterns, such as the quality of the beetle, ancient kilns, hidden patterns, such as the quality of the crab claw; broken control lines the size of the block is broken. Old brother who is a good color class officer, also number one hundred very broken, but now discernible pattern hidden ears, as Guan Yun juice Glaze study. ”
Qing Dynasty, “South kiln note”, “Ge kiln” article reads: namely chapter names kiln, the Hangzhou Grand later, Zhang’s brother, who is also at the state, industry, pottery, burglary repairs done in the inner temple, it is as if the glaze kiln. Coarse grain film, hidden in ink paint, alone into a glaze, also hypertrophy, there is powder blue, pale blue, pale color several teeth. Dark beige by another brother kiln, bear valuable. Between Sinan kiln, kiln supplier mountains like lace, both exposed the bone, but also good. Geyao who today are doing with her daughter Ma Ling glaze with garnet No, there is considerable room, steel frame will be coarse material with its black. Thus, Ge kiln iron foot, glazed shiny multi broken lines, almost like Southern Song Guan Kiln style characteristics. Ge kiln is known to pattern pieces, many of whom are black and yellow intersect, commonly known as gold wire.

The two legends
There is a legend about the gold wire: According to legend, the Song Dynasty Longquan County, there is a very famous porcelain artists, surnamed Zhang, village roots, he is a student of the legendary Zhang, Zhang’s father, born two. Zhangcun good root system celadon and famous, raw one, born two brothers brought their father apprenticeship, boss Zhang born a kind, willing to learn, to endure hardship, his father won the true mass, born two chapters in the body also stunt . Zhang village roots after the death of brother separation, each fired kilns.
Health boss Zhang is an open Geyao kilns, the second chapter of Health two open kilns is brother kiln. The brothers are firing celadon, have their own achievement. But the boss came out, burn out “purple iron foot” celadon, sometimes renowned the world over, its fame spread to the emperor, the dragon Yantai Yue, handpicked students a chapter named to its firing celadon.
Dick heart is small, heart jealousy, while his brother do not pay attention, the raw clay thrown into a glaze Chapter tank, boss with clay mixed with glaze applied in the blanks on the open after firing a kiln, he scared spent, full porcelain kiln all glazed surface cracking, crack some small, long or short, Rough is fine, a song straight and shapes, some like a roe, and some like willow, some like crab claw.
His tears, bitter experience, he re-pull themselves together, and he soaked up a cup of tea, the tea thick coated in porcelain, cracks soon become brown lines, and put ink painted to crack immediately turned black lines, Thus, inadvertently form a “gold wire.”

Suspected kiln
September 1996, in Hangzhou Tiger Cave discovered a kiln, Hangzhou Institute of Archaeology in May 1998 to December and from October 1999 to March 2001 the month of twice the kiln on a large scale excavations. Get a lot of artifacts remnants, tiles and kiln furniture. After extensive research, some experts and scholars believe that the formation of the Song Dynasty relics literature should be referred to “repair the kiln within the company,” while the Yuan Dynasty relics of the formation is “handed down Ge kiln”, which is a replica of the former. ” handed down Ge kiln “is that after the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty official imitation products. Some experts and scholars believe that Tiger Cave kiln that is, “to integrity in mind,” said “My brother-hole kiln.” At this point; can basically determine the product of the Yuan Ge kiln handed down, not the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty Ge kiln.

Archaeological mystery
As the original is considered Geyao Longquan porcelain black tire opening piece is considered “official Longquan imitation” and “Longquan
Kiln “, Song Ge kiln do not seem to exist, the literature on account of Ge kiln is considered to be repeated the baseless assertion, however, careful study and analysis, you will find that things are not so simple, the key lies in” Longquan kiln “and Hangzhou Jiaotan our priorities under the kiln problem has not really been solved. because “Longquan kiln”‘s argument based on the “Longquan imitation officials” on the basis of that fake officer is impossible, but consistent with the kiln, naturally kiln, and that can not be met in Hangzhou Jiaotan the need of the court, and then firing to charge less in Longquan This view is naturally derived under Jiaotan Hangzhou Longquan kiln kiln earlier than the conclusion.
However, there is not enough data to show that this view archaeological, and thus also raises these questions: Jiaotan court can not meet the need, why not expand locally, the nearest expansion, rather than referring to build thousands of miles away Longquan kiln firing made? Song Shi crossed brought the northern artisans, they wont round kiln firing coal, why can build kilns in Hangzhou with firewood made? Discussion of the literature on Ge kiln are groundless Do we always do? Brother can not fake officer, but the officer but they can fake brother, the dynasties of the kiln kilns are built on the basis of, do not exist official imitation brother might do? Song Shi crossed, the emperor wandering for 13 years, during which crossed the kiln where survival? How to survive? Is the royal food or fend for themselves? These questions are ultimately focused on the initial Longquan porcelain black tire opening film era and nature, that is the first black tire Longquan porcelain opening film will be displaced more than ten years the emperor northern Longquan kiln artisans and craft workers combined with the product?

Study found
People and Hangzhou Southern Song Dynasty Longquan Ge kiln under Jiaotan depth study found that both in terms of furnace structure, porcelain craft, firing method or product tires, glaze, etc. basically the same device type. In the hierarchical feudal dynasty; Ge kiln as kilns exactly the same way to produce products with kiln is impossible, even mimic an imperial have banished decapitation. Thus, there is a “Longquan imitation official” and “Longquan kiln,” said. The so-called “Longquan imitation officials”, that is the envy of the bureaucratic aristocracy royal porcelain, firing sent privately for their own needs. In fact, this view is untenable, do not afraid of bureaucratic aristocracy behead you? Therefore, “Longquan imitation officials” deny basic argument shortly thereafter, instead it is “Longquan kiln.”

Defining the nature
Whether such products may belong kilns nature? From the historical conditions and things reasonable analysis, it is entirely possible. Flee the emperor’s life and does not guarantee more than ten years, the court unable to care Nandu kiln workers, they either are settled in somewhere, or had to fend for themselves. Anyway, at that time already quite famous Longquan porcelain is their preferred destination. In this long ten years, they
Together with the local kiln workers, the integration of the north and south porcelain art, using local raw materials, fuel, kilns and firing methods, firing out a similar Ru Fetus, the Ru-type products with similar, but Ru glaze layer and obviously there are other black tire opening piece porcelain, and gradually in the high society and the literati in impact, helping to create a product called “Ge kiln” brands. During this period, royal porcelain perhaps taken from this, but its nature and should not belong kiln kilns. Pending court stability, as this type of porcelain kiln, kiln workers then summoned to Hangzhou, built kiln firing, identified as the Southern Song Dynasty kiln. Therefore, the existence of the Song Dynasty Ge Kiln is possible, the official imitation brother is also possible. This is illustrated in the literature addressing the Southern Song Dynasty kiln can also find clues, such as Ming Gao Lian “Zunsheng eight chien” in the “character magnification and Ge kiln same ……”, which implied that the Colombian government imitation meaning. However, so far, this is only a possibility, if this may be established, then the literature and on the official record, brother some questions will be solved, and logical. But to confirm this possibility actually exists, still need enough evidence. I believe that with the continuous improvement of archaeological data and scientific testing means continuous complete, Ge kiln problems can eventually be completely resolved. Although still shrouded in layers of Ge kiln veil, but its name and characteristics but was most appreciator, collectors accepted and has been in use. Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties imitation products Geyao uncommon, its quantity and quality are the most Jingdezhen, mostly for its products to the royal family and dignitaries, many world famous museums have collections. From the 1950s onwards, Ge kiln as a traditional product from the Longquan porcelain manufacturers to develop the production, mass market, exported around the world, entered the ordinary people.
Pure Ge kiln enamel strong, not very Ying Che, glaze and more bubbles, such as beads looming, it is known as the “save polyethylene foam beads.” Glory intrinsic glaze, moist, such as cakes. Varied pattern pieces to groove and call it a eel pattern, black and blue stripes, yellow stripes, roe pattern; to call it a grain shape and outline shaped pattern, plum pattern, fine grain, size Plaid, ice cracks , with a total pole named one hundred pieces. Ge kiln artifacts handed down to all kinds of bottles, furnace, washing, plates, bowls, jars is common. But Ge kiln has not yet recognized as one unsolved history of Chinese ceramics
Song Dynasty Ge Kiln porcelain being so expensive, it was their kiln where is it?
Ge  in the name of the literature failed to be found in the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty “to integritkilny in mind,” beginning with Ge kiln said. The Qing Xu Heng, “Zhai said porcelain drinking stream” interpretation says: “Ge kiln, Song Longquan County State Department, Triumph brothers were good rule of Porcelain and brother were born one, then do it Dubbed Ge kiln, the Taizhi fine, sexual Kennedy, weight, multi-break, which means that the films are. “That is, the state Department Southern Song Dynasty Longquan County (now part of Zhejiang province) has two brothers surnamed Zhang in porcelain industry, is born a brother Zhang fine porcelain are hard to tread, fracture opening film for the characteristics, which is named Ge kiln, this seems to be true. Since 1956 archaeological excavations in Longquan County, which found a black tire Celadon, Longquan celadon filaments film grain.
But people still have doubts, since the Song Dynasty Ge Kiln handed down, carving and polishing shape much imitation bronze, porcelain style is like for the court, ought reasonably from kiln; while above, a student chapter of the Ge kiln obviously just folk private .
For the solution of this doubt, the 1964 Beijing Palace Museum special to Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Song Ge kiln of the available physical specimen for testing, the results prove its chemical composition, color and form of pattern pieces are different and Longquan celadon. The researchers therefore concluded, Song Ge porcelain seems to be within the company by the Southern Song kiln repair, just because at that time the folk kiln confidential Shiyou abandoned kilns were processed, so the kiln has so far failed to find. Later chapters due to the Ge porcelain  born a fame and name in the Southern Song Dynasty kiln repair company out of the inside of these porcelains, the ingredients should be farfetched.
Song Ge porcelain in the Hereafter highly favored people, a lot of imitators Yuan, Ming, and have different styles, called imitation Ge porcelain  or brother glaze, but the production process is not comparable with Song Dynasty Ge Kiln. Qing Emperor Qianlong is particularly fond of the Song Dynasty Ge Kiln tours, tasting pleased to praise poem goes:
“Iron foot round the waist ice cracks, Xuan Fu Hua Fun this into heel.” Ge Kiln porcelain dignified simplicity, the body moist delicious thick glaze, handed down by precious possession is mainly in Beijing, Shanghai and Taiwan Museum. Ding porcelain known to burn, bowls, plates coated firing process to use more products, astringent tire rim unglazed, so in some of the commonly used products, fine gold, silver, copper seal the mouth. Dynasty created with copper oxide, cobalt and other metal minerals as coloring agents, firing copper red, sky blue, pale blue, etc. glaze. Unlike Ru Guan Guan porcelain porcelain kiln first in Kaifeng, then moved to Hangzhou. Guan porcelain artistic pursuit starkness, elegant and natural; Fetus Kennedy thin; glaze emerald beauty fresh; Yu smooth as butter; grain film aspect, flowing smoothly; “purple iron foot” is its unique luxury office.

Main Features
First, Ge porcelain Glaze is matte glaze, like “butter” like luster, color colorful, with beige, powder blue, milky white various colors.
Second, the “gold wire,” the patterns, Ge porcelain glazed with mesh opening film, or overlapping like ice crack or a small opening into fine pieces (“vulgar rubbish into one hundred pieces” or “beetle pattern”), the “gold wire” is a typical, that thick glossy black crack intertwined with fine red, yellow cracks. Ming Dynasty, “to be on the grid ancient” in this description: “Ge porcelain lines take Binglie, eel blood is on the ink film grain plum followed. Crushing grain, grain beneath it.”
Third, the “save beads Synechococcus” like bubbles in the glaze, the glaze layer Ge kiln is usually very thick, thick at the most equal to the thickness even with the tires, the glaze containing bubbles, such as beads looming, like “save polyethylene foam beads.” rhyme-like beauty, which is to distinguish between true and false Ge’s a traditional approach. Sun Chou ancestors ceramic industry in its “Identification of the Ming and Qing porcelain” in an article, said the official, brother dense bubble glazes like “save bead” refers Ge kiln glaze bubbles like collections of fine water droplets, as covered in the unit table. Such feature is not easy to imitate.
Fourth, the “purple iron foot” of wind-induced, Ge kiln is blank mostly purple or brown, utensils mouth opening at the edge of the thin enamel exposing the hidden patterns and tire color was brown, but not enough to hang on the bottom Glaze rendering the black iron, thus, it can be summed up with “Purple iron foot,” said, this is the difference between true and false Ge’s traditional methods.

Porcelain features
Cracking
Costa Rica is an important feature of vitreous enamel glazed opening film, this is happening in a natural glaze cracking phenomenon. Cracking originally porcelain firing defects, then people mastered the cracking of the law, it produces a conscious opening film, resulting in a unique beauty. Song brother glazed enamel shiny, glazed henselae is coarse or fine shallow depth of two intertwined ridge cut, the term called “cracked ice”, commonly known as “gold wire.” Ge kiln clay veins slightly purple, thin-walled, with oil gray, beige, pink and blue three kinds of enamel color, full-surface cracks.
Because the soil is high iron content, burning embryo reduction occurs, embryos were Zihei iron porcelain color glazed porcelain did not appear at the bottom of the original iron-colored porcelain embryo, called “iron foot”, and the mouth was a thin glaze purple, called “purple mouth”, commonly known as “purple iron foot.” In general, the amplifier and the stingy small opening piece by piece wide open quite valuable. As brother delicate porcelain, fine, future generations it has a counterfeit. Especially to the Qing Dynasty, there was a fake brother glazed climax. To the late Qing Dynasty, brother Glaze obviously not as good as Qing Dynasty, the color deeper and deeper, opening film increasingly fragmented, uneven lumps and even glazed glaze, aggravation becomes loose.
Distinguish
Ge Kiln porcelain from the color distinction, there are pale blue, gray and yellow, powder blue, gray blue, putty, shades of beige and other species. Ge Kiln porcelain most notable feature is the glaze SHEN delicate, shiny shiny, like creamy; if the home of the microscope, the enamel contains visible bubbles as polyethylene foam beads, glazed condensate tired burst between large and small or close turns or sparse Binglie reticulate, which netted just like those of the color yellow gold, fine black person, such as wire, the two are intertwined, they have been named as “gold”, “wire” . Song Jian Ge kiln Taizhi fine porcelain rim sharp narrow, thick glaze porcelain rim can not be retained, along the border of the mouth hanging slightly glazed multi Xiachu slightly convex form of an endless belt, because the rim at the Fetus be slightly dim called “purple mouth”, this is absolutely one of the Song Ge porcelain ware porcelain, although there are many italics after the successive Geyao, but are unable to attain the firing on this Jueyi. In 1992, Christie’s Hong Kong auction a Song Dynasty Ge Kiln “Octagon VASE”, though it was the collection industry still people who hold different views, but their prices are still shoot up to 10 million yuan or more. Pure Ge porcelain enamel strong, not very Ying Che, glaze and more bubbles, such as beads looming, it is known as the “save polyethylene foam beads.”

Porcelain identification
Crack
Ge porcelain must have known as the “gold wire”, “purple iron foot.” The former is a distinctive crack Ge porcelain, big lines as “wire”, and some were blue, big grain of sets of small grain as “gold”, and some were not golden, large grain Komon collectively as “surface rubbish broken”, it should be dense and not sparse, curved rather than straight; latter Ge porcelain revealed more special tire color, but the two are often the same as the fish and bear’s paw can not have both. Glazed porcelain filled with “Purple goods” without iron foot. Iron foot should be Taizhi itself unglazed colors. Artificially imposed iron foot case a black glaze, its authenticity is questionable, and the “seven draft class repair sequel” recorded “their feet are iron color” contrary.
Glaze
Ge kiln is celadon series of Celadon glaze, shades, there are powder blue, pale blue, putty, Qinghuang other colors, due to the role of kiln, glaze were two or more multi-color, artificial subjective will of the to. Taizhi have two kinds of porcelain and sand tires, little pattern, no model year. Tire colors are black and gray, dark gray, apricot, gray and so on. Glazed not smooth, but there is a layer of light, such as butter, dark cloud is not perfectly clear enamel glaze layer uneven thickness, dip the glaze firing of the device upright, the bottom foot of the thickest enamel, some up to 4 mm. Its firing method Footwraps The nail or ring foot pad burn cake, which can be clearly seen by pad pie firing traces.
Bottom foot
Ge kiln bottom foot also quite special, its narrow ring foot flat bottom, non-generous bump, feet deep in the interior, the exterior light foot short, difficult to lift a finger to get up.
Save beads Synechococcus
Ge kiln is the most important, most wonderful, most admirable, but also the most neglected feature, namely the so-called “save beads Synechococcus.” Sun Chou ancestors ceramic industry in its “Identification of the Ming and Qing porcelain” in an article already said, “If the government, like the secret brother glaze bubbles save beads, …… these are not easy to pastiche features, can be used as the era of division a clue. “Obviously,” save bead “refers to the glaze Geyao vessel collections of fine bubbles like small drops, as covered in the inner and outer walls or objects within the body and the outer body. But Sunlao little more general, in fact, the real Ge kiln ware glaze bubbles is not just “save beads”, but also show a kind than the “save Pearl” slightly larger “Synechococcus.”
Ball beads than big words Ge kiln has two bubbles of different sizes, which are arranged in the form is not intermingled scattered, but more neatly arranged together. Synechococcus style beads bubble bubble than save a much smaller number, the general was arranged in a ring-shaped objects in the wall, like a very thick ring. “Save beads Synechococcus” It is well deserved for a division between true and false Geyao indispensable basis.
Celadon Kwai orifice plate damage
July 4, 2011, the National Palace Museum Research Laboratory testing of ancient ceramics in Song Dynasty Ge Kiln Celadon Kwai orifice plate occurs when the non-destructive analysis and testing artifacts damaged. After the accident, the National Palace Museum set up an accident investigation team to investigate into the causes of the accident. After repeated simulations and multiple experts, in the 10th and preliminary conclusions, determining cause accidents mainly due to the researchers in the lab operational errors, resulting in increased sample stage distance is too large, resulting in national heritage glaze Kwai orifice plate is squeezed damaged.
Damage occurred in the Song Dynasty Ge Kiln Celadon Kwai orifice plate was six sunflower type, Quintana Shi schungite glaze, glazed open fine debris pattern. Quanzu exposed child at dark brown. This dish elegant and generous; lines varied, the representative works of the Song Dynasty Ge Kiln.

Moderator: Thank you, after the break we enter into today’s panel discussion, we first feel the spirit of Chinese culture, have requested handmade embroidery maestro Miss Yao Jianping, former deputy director of the Intangible Cultural, Mr. Qu Shengrui artist Mr. Ye Fang and Mr. Wang Haoran tapestry artists came to power.

Today, I am such a layout is actually interesting, a tapestry of tradition is representative, one representative of embroidery heritage, in addition to sitting in the middle might Secretary for Chinese manufacturing, particularly in traditional manufacturing industries to better understand the policy side of things , Mr. Ye Fang might put forward thinking from the cultural heritage. I ask noble, from your point of view on behalf of tapestry dress do? We may not know too much for tapestry.

Adrian: My body is not tapestry, outside of my body that this dress is the Ming Dynasty Chinese people a jacket, is a home of uniforms, is restructuring cloak. This is a horse by hand, then with hand coloring, a little closer to cherry stained cloth, then hand-stitched. Tapestry in China has 1,400 years of history, about the Tang Dynasty, when there were already very rich tapestry unearthed, this technology should be with us now have a different common fabric, tapestry is a pass through stabilized in Since the manufacturing process changes color or flower-shaped, in the shuttle between the use for a variety of small interspersed, the middle will be cut. Like our common tapestry will replace this color no need to go back, floating text that will appear on the back.

Moderator: Thank you. We have just in the audience to communicate, noble born in 1986, very young. You are now choose to continue to do tapestry, inherit your possessions, to continue to pass on such a job. You are now before you have an idea and what kind of different? Your own feelings as a 80 young people, do you think tapestry in the development process, what kind of problems encountered?

Adrian: I think I have seen is the inheritors of Chinese arts and crafts, and even a little older, like my grandparents, as they master the basic for the country, is a master craftsman, or an important heritage, this good like just a name. For example, I go to Adrian too young to apply for a national master, I live up to 120.

Moderator: that much.

Adrian: That was a great age, the age is limited, but the brand can become infinite. As we know that Hermes has nearly 300 years of history, I think we should do a brand, so let generations to give this brand into their own knowledge and understanding of the brand. I also want young people to some of the ideas and concepts into the tapestry, no need to make a very traditional look.

Moderator: So even if you leave something like this in the future can also be healthy ongoing afloat.

Adrian: Yes.

Moderator: How many people know about the presence of tapestry? Do you use or you can say a few Kesi Kesi brand? I would like to ask Ms. Yao, embroidery products mentioned acting fine people might think of a long, expensive, now embroidery in the international promotion of the situation how?

Yao Jianping: embroidery development today has 2,500 years of tradition, in front of us to think that the tradition of a problem, a problem of how cosmopolitan. Inheritance issues are also personnel issues, because in fact, is a traditional embroidery handmade art, are needed loneliness, investment cycle is long, slow. To enter this industry is a primary stage of 3-5 years, and then he was able to persevere through the years, loneliness, he still has the passion to go up, he may pass decade, a decade of sword, it should will be out Zhengguo. From my previous generation of solid learning experience out of the immortal. Our ten years of that era, we are loneliness, and have such influence, and has been kept in the practice learning in such a kind of process. Some in this decade may persist for five years, he was eating can solve, he can also be directly brought into the market, that is, in fact, has no problem to survive, the key is how to stick with it this year, that is to say it in this industry difficult, had insisted on the five-year survival did not, it should be said that the same students, the same in other areas he would not be economically less than others. But the problem is that he is more savvy, then climb again, he loves this industry difficult, and a young man now this door industry, on the ancient art of embroidery do not understand, do not know where it’s worth He blindness. In this summer I met a group of top students of Tsinghua University, as well as a group of girls came Suzhou listened to my presentation after they are very happy, they do not have such an opportunity, not to mention the international, national missing is the promotion.

A good case in Suzhou, is opera, because got Shiranishi Yong (sound) such a figure, he has social influence, and is willing to pay, completely changed the original status quo, into the university, so that young people like. I think the issue is currently embroidery lies in this session.

Moderator: Ms. Yao said earlier that the embroidery has 2400 years of history, we the audience have Mr. Gao Feng, BV Is there any history of two thousand years?

Peak: 1966.

Moderator: Do you think BV wins a place in what?

Summit: I am afraid that this topic is not the most authoritative answer to who I am a simple analysis of this name came from the Veneto is a handicraft, handmade in Italy wants to brand heritage to the world. The past few decades is a process of exploration and innovation, and today was a big success, especially in the business last year such a small minority, no LOGO on the surface of the brand to achieve 10 billion euros, the distance from this brand Hermes is not very large, it is completely made of leather. So I think this is a kind we can inspire, and a short history of the brand how to go its own way.

Moderator: Ms. Yao and Adrian just mention two in particular that have a history of talking about it, they were the elite management issues, there is the issue of domestic cultural heritage successors, as well as weakness in the international promotion of the issue, but an international Brand history is just a few decades can be opened at any one big lot of high-end stores, then selling high-priced, which is why the difference between the middle?

Qu Shengrui: First of all I am particularly pleased and also special thanks to the organizers for inviting me to attend the 2013 Second China boutique forum. This is what I managed to do the work of thinking about a problem, China is five thousand years of civilization, is the only country without a significant change in the history of our rich cultural resources. Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2005 to carry out the census, according to incomplete statistics, China now has 850,000, this figure is not completely accurate, I think this figure is much smaller. The State Council has approved the National Directory Project 1129, approved by the Ministry of Culture party representative inheritors 1879, we have 37 already inscribed on the World Heritage list of projects, there are 41 demonstration bases. These are to promote the protection of the national cultural heritage. Just talk to the tapestry and embroidery heritage of people, China has four famous show, China’s four famous show, the biggest problem is the heritage protection, inheritance of the biggest problems is that people learn his skills, Yao master a decade of effort learn the embroidery. Now many people on China’s traditional elite art do not learn, and most of them are now engaged in embroidery girls in rural areas, these girls first degree is relatively low, and the second she was engaged in rural areas of farmland, has a stout hand, more importantly, without knowledge of aesthetics, so she embroidered embroidery no fame, embroidery is determined by the stitch pattern of the dark produce artistic effects. No certain cultural knowledge, there is no knowledge of aesthetics, so he can not do this fame.

So for these situations, the state attaches great importance to the Ministry of Finance allocated over six one hundred million per year to support the protection of intangible cultural heritage items and heritage, the local government has also given support, but I think it is not enough. Recently, the Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance in order to accelerate the development of traditional industries, supporting 100 schools to develop traditional crafts, students, traditional hand skills handed down better. I think just a professor of Tsinghua University, Peking University professors are telling examples of foreign countries, China’s brand Where is it? I think it is in our own. Colorful Chinese intangible cultural heritage items, ceramics, jade, embroidery, bamboo, etc., are very upscale, very beautiful, and loved by the people of the world, but not very good attention, there is no good publicity, so there is no cause for concern entrepreneurs, so we did not come out of the brand. I think the quality of the forum to engage China, China manufacturing this topic, I think this forum can be the annals of the first meeting, I think it is a very meaningful activity.

As several professors are talking about market-oriented, market-oriented course. However, the current to want everyone to understand China’s brand, brand awareness is very important, I think publicity, education is very important.

Moderator: Thank you, Secretary, about the specifications of our forum too a lot. I would like to ask the teacher to put leaves, just from international brands to the domestic tradition of cultural treasures that we have done a comparison, including directors have done, seems to see now whether embroidery or tapestry, etc., it seems that we are still stuck in the such as the state has earmarked huge funds, and then support, re-education, and now we have developed in such a situation, is not enough because of cultural heritage, education is not enough, the state has appropriated subsidies enough, or such as that mentioned earlier Adrian concept of corporate governance is not enough, what is included positioning, international marketing strategy is not enough, what do you think is the missing part?

Ye Fang: This is a good question, because just two masters, when talking about the two craft was thinking, because very clever about these two processes are related to south, these two processes have had the era of decline, also had a glorious era. In fact, we can think about just Yao said the master embroidery, Wu has been in the Spring and Autumn Period embroidery on the clothes, and developed into a craft embroidery threads of hair can be grown to 64 needles and thread, you can embroider goldfish, embroidered dog , embroidered cat, it is conceivable that hair, finer than almost true. Technology developed to such a degree is really great, but what does it bring? Once in the 18th and 19th centuries brought the Chinese hot, hot in Europe, China. Early in Europe, China is hot Joey from China, China fever in France is, with rococo art of the first docking of Chinese ceramics and other important content, that time is leading the world fashion trend south, come from the south of the craft, including Jingdezhen craft.

But to go back to for a long period, probably the seventies and eighties, embroidery reduced its survival depend on tourism Suzhou Jiangnan, the consequences are the market seems very prosperous, but a large number of the cottage, a lot of shoddy, enough so that people feel embroidery , how to say 64,24, all eyes beautiful phenomenon altogether broken. So more than two decades to maintain the false prosperity of the southern state of embroidery, but the art of embroidery itself caused the damage. The question is, when there are still many people to learn embroidery, they find profitable, there is one in South Lake every family in embroidery, in order to cooperate with such a town dedicated to do it’s worth, you can imagine how prosperity. But if now to reflect on it, it is the art of embroidery harm. Why? It used to be fine, but later found not boutique, tourism memorial cottage products.

Then for the tapestry, tapestry we all know a great need for years and time to polish, we say a centimeter wide area from a few to 30 wire, 1 cm height of the area inside the shuttle to the ten thousand to the shuttle, you can imagine how fine the. But it is quite a long time supported by the Japanese kimono belt for a long period of years, because no one wants this stuff. Ordinary people that are less expensive and practical, elegant without attention to its beauty, but is relying on the Japanese kimono belt. But the tapestry was once a typical representative of the royal family, which means that the European high society, you have to count the flow of society, you did not have Chinese embroidery and tapestry are No way, this is marked. Today, however, comes a lot of our attention again, just bend the Secretary said, the government spent huge sums of money and effort to protect and preserve, there is a very important question, even if you save, as just mentioned him 100 years old, older, he organized not up, if there is no market or will shrink, he was raised up by the government. So he really has life to blood, and it is the market, which talked about a topic I want to say, China’s trade is with the Chinese people’s way of life, the Chinese people’s attitude to life, Chinese people’s cultural relevance, if No Chinese people living culture as an underlying support to the protection of any craft will later atrophy. In fact, we can think of, say the Japanese craft is protected all over the world can learn from, in fact, but not enough, not only in Japan, Venetian glass and Lesi, which as early as in China alone, but never as a Venetian tradition hurt their brains, the market has been good. Chinese people go to see the glass Venice Island, stating that they have a culture in the tradition of continuation, since they still feel to this day my grandfather, my grandmother, my father, my mother, even my hands those Lesi products and glass products represents the cultural glory, representing the value of culture, because it is historical, history is valuable. Represented their hand continues today as that of a pride. So I think if we can not recover in life on the tapestry, embroidery applications, you will shrink to protect a hundred years, but today there is the master, and that there may be tomorrow’s master water, because he is not so fine a , that the future of 64 copies of the master can do? Another interesting phenomenon is that you will find actually a tapestry and embroidery craft, their content is not created by artists and craftsmen, then there are many brilliant cultural elite, scholars, they give the tapestry and embroidery patterns , artistic connotations. So you see, embroidery, embroidery craft, embroidery something is not necessarily created by these artists, painters may be created, possibly created by the photographer, is a painting, a photograph, they just use their memories and put this picture Photography has given a new life, given the art of embroidery, tapestry art of life. In fact, some of the early Ming Dynasty palace tapestry are drawings, that an art of embroidery and tapestry art finish, not just done by one person, as well as artists, designers that there is a comprehensive needs of social life, social life needs and artists involved, it gives craft full life. So today I want us to talk about such a craft and brand, it would probably not be ignored to this chain of life.

Moderator: Today is also very interesting to sit on stage, Ms. Yao stressed that we must endure loneliness, to stop and monographs on hand this part. Obviously Adrian had mentioned my grandfather basically doing masters, or traditional arts and crafts ideas, but to his generation, brand under his control, he is to consider the operation of the company, or even international promotion. He is just the third generation of tradition in this field, his thoughts completely changed, Justice you think there is no problem with this process? Is not China’s intangible cultural heritage protection ideas are written up?

Qu Shengrui: now the state intangible cultural heritage protection of traditional craftsmanship is government-led, community involvement, we encourage the adoption of the master, the state has representatives heritage, including a representative inheritors Some financial support to enable them to get skills Better heritage. I think the current situation, China’s traditional handicrafts aspects include China’s four famous show, only to truly protect our traditional skills handed down, this is very important. Now, with the market demand, some embroidery inheritors not put their good traditional skills handed down, that is some way to make through staining, layman can not see. This art heritage I personally do not agree, I think it should be protected.

Second, we must attach importance to the heritage of art, I think they are very good pass down the art or can. More than in addition to their own heritage as well as social participation, which is also very important. China is now the biggest problem is the heritage of many young people are not willing to, for example, Beijing’s gold mosaics, which are very famous in Europe, a lot of rich people in Europe are devoted to Beijing to find mosaic, who is Korean Arts The Japanese, as well as Taiwanese, Chinese apprentice, learner few.

Moderator: Why is this so?

Qu Shengrui: that young people now paid insufficient attention to the traditional techniques. There is a traditional handicraft countries do not give these people their social status, as well as his treatment did not follow up. So do a lot of markets, such as Beijing’s gold mosaics make a very low cost, and get it on the market to sell a high price, so young reluctant apprenticeship. At this meeting today, I call on Representative should properly protect these traditional skills handed down, this is the government wants to support, and more importantly, to encourage entrepreneurs to finance, involved in carrying out protection, to carry out heritage, so that China’s traditional hand skills and healthy development indefinitely.

Moderator: Justice is more emphasis on government protection, in fact, this point of view with the teacher leaves the view is not the same place.

Ye Fang: because the Secretary on behalf of the government point of view, of course, the first thing to government support and support, if the Government does not have a lot of things a lot of support and support it is impossible to move, because we will inevitably around the past about Japan, and many Japanese manual able to continue to this day, in fact, with the support of the government. There is reserved almost all of Japan’s traditional festival, many times because of need this holiday crafts, such as the Dragon Boat Festival, but then if we will go dragon boat racing, including dumplings do? Many things are seasonal needs, the Government has done a lot of work season, every place and provisions on the promotion season. Another thing is also important is that the Japanese culture, there is a respect for the artisans, Chinese people are very interesting, Chinese literati who write history, artisans make history. Craftsmen created a history, leaving behind a wealth of material resources, but writing the literati, literati literati when writing wisdom _ is always a little higher. To the Qing Dynasty have respect for artisans, but a lengthy history of thousands of years, in fact, has always been the position of the craftsman is not so tall. Therefore, in this cultural context, the Japanese craftsman’s respect continues today, so you can directly to the artisans involved in the creation of culture, often scholars in China to create a. This section is precisely the government can do. I would add that if the government alone to do so, if there is no blood on the ability of the Government to pack a big burden, always rely on the government of blood supply. Governments, civil society is not a big charity, if there is no market, no one is going to consume, and no one to enjoy, and no one to share, or will shrink, even artisan’s self-esteem is also affected. Many crafts are doing brick, do BRIC, they tired bitter, even if he learned that his girlfriend can not find, even self-esteem will be lost, then what about cultural continuity? Today there are many cultures like designers, artists, there is a continuation of many products, so that he can be valuable in today’s life is indispensable.

Qu Shengrui: The Government is also state-led advocacy, community involvement, and I say this not contradictory. There are many entrepreneurs in the development of our traditional handicraft works, such as Sichuan, bamboo craft, the past is the best Shengzhou, Shengzhou, Zhejiang Province this year, do not do nearly all root, but the Sichuan preserved traditional bamboo craft, of course, also the staff is small. Now a well-known foreign brands are very concerned about bamboo craft, I can tell you that in the preparation of a tea yuan in Sichuan also more than 200 dollars, I feel very beautiful. Get Beijing to 2-3 million, to get the European market is sold more than 10 million yuan, the space is very large. I am talking about on this one. Silk also like this, just this year, along with silk tourism development, we are doing, people’s quality awareness is not enough, I said to this forum today is very important to establish an awareness and encourage Chinese people to make own boutique, let the world know more people, cognitive boutique, this time is very important. Only in this way to promote Chinese, you can say that this year, along with the construction of urbanization, China’s cities are houses, you can see very few oriental architecture, so this time the organizers can be elected to such a hotel to organize the forum, I think it very attentively. The hotel can be said that each culture retains a Chinese architectural memories, I personally think that this hotel is a boutique.

But the Chinese people now wear a lot of clothes are Zhejiang, Fujian and other places of production, we can say a lot of people world brands are manufactured in China, but are in the OEM, brand stickers are people, do Chinese people do not can create your own brand? So I think this is very important. Our country in the declaration of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, reported a five garment enterprises, I was responsible for this work, but also the Secretary-General of the Committee of Experts. When the meeting when I said do not comment, the five projects retained are included in the national intangible cultural heritage items, the experts agreed that the results of this assessment is not passed five. China’s five national costume companies are rafts, so we created China’s clothing brand is very important. Let me give you an example, Shenzhen, buttercup silk, silk production is made with a ruler, dyed with buttercup grass, very environmentally friendly techniques. It’s brand last year Museology, signed a 7.5 billion five days product is buttercup silk. So pay attention to Chinese traditional arts and crafts projects to promote traditional arts and crafts projects Inheritance and Protection, founded his own brand name is very important. General embroidery works most of the products are thousands of dollars, tens of thousands of dollars an expensive, Yao master’s two works in the text cross at 67,850,000, space is very large, these works are in the country at this level, if went to Europe, went to the world price will be higher. This requires insight to support, to support the work of our nation’s resources are very rich, very much, there are no people to do the work. So today’s forum is very meaningful, I do not know how many entrepreneurs were invited to participate, entrepreneurs should support them to promote Chinese brands to the world.

Moderator: Thank you, Director, Secretary or referred to under the driving force of the government to encourage active participation of civil society, I ask two industry that you work in the actual heritage promotion process, even if you two are in the industry grading master, everyone is concerned with respect to a number of international brands, you have to make known, then, what is sorely lacking?

Yao Jianping: Then just bend the Secretary said, combined with some of my own work experience to talk about some of my inner thoughts, just comes to a non-material cultural heritage of tradition, to really someone to protect, passed along, the Ministry of Culture for protect the project, each project has established representative inheritors inside, only people would pass from generation to generation. My understanding is that I hope more entrepreneurs to participate, to support, we have been thinking that artistic life, living art. How to live art, embroidery heritage Why are there so many years of history? I understand just Ye Fang teacher also spoke, one is into the palace, one is with people’s lives. Representative inheritors of what to do the work? An Order of the former Kai, the skills of our ancestors put his hands received the baton, but in this era can be combined with modern aesthetic ideas, and create some of the characteristics of the times things, to create some of the era of representative quality work. Which he should pursue.

Also a tradition to do his job, that is, with a good student, and now as we are still in this area, there are no professional embroidery University College, the other has, and now we also adhere to a social responsibility, because it is awarded by the Ministry of National Culture level successors, should fulfill their social responsibility to train an apprentice chef, we train an apprentice chef that era that I gave the teacher, the teacher will not let me the door, I feel bitter 20,000 dollars, who are willing to accept me as long as I give Who is 20,000 dollars, which is in 1990. I was looking for three years did not find a teacher took us eight months later I found the kids at home, and then to learn. We came from small to large, from a repair to the Ministry of Culture awarded embroidered mother’s cultural heritage, and this two thousand years of history do not want to ruin the hands of our generation, so the strong sense of responsibility apprentice, the apprentice is I gave him the money, he did not know came in first needle to give him money because his colleagues, students have the money, a little later a message saying that I am here to work, to work overtime today also get three thousand dollars. We give him two thousand dollars, we should support him 3-5 years, and in the process he will go, because he could not pay me back the money that people give. So this is a status quo.

People like us can support how long? That one is fine spire, he should create a Chinese boutique, he should be to lead the industry, creating masterpieces production. Just put the teacher talked about steel leaves a question, before the system is designed, there are painters, writers to participate in a home for the embroidery tailored manuscript, and now a painting, a third-rate artist to pay attention to this picture How much money, in fact, much more difficult embroidery teacher ratio painter, I have my own embroidery language, then 10 I can only use a manuscript, then who is going to buy 10 manuscript? I can not afford. In this decade what we are doing? But also the way to the flexor Justice report. Goldfish kitten then what we’re learning, and later rose to humanistic portrait is customized services, then that is another one to explore the road of originality. Organize themselves a design team, these are like-minded, they are also to help me, I will talk about my point of view, acupuncture, you come to work for me. Like the lyrics and music, performing with a team. In these years, we have from a small ornaments, completed last year for the Great Hall of the tailored one entry this year, has just completed a Zhongnanhai custom work, I think now the market is very large embroidery, unlike the other hand, as long as you have a good thing, one is to enter the collection. Just bend the two Secretaries referred to our works, we really opened up a channel for this industry, so we went to the tens of millions for the industry to do some work. If you do not achieve its economic value, then the next generation of why people do this thing? He did not benchmark and basis for, and why we need to do in this industry? I would say to one hundred years ago, our masters are supported in the late years, when a small work on to take more than 20,000 U.S. dollars in the international community to get a high reputation, to get a gold medal. Well, this one hundred years of history, we have set up a national institute, the Institute set up to the last old people, institutionalized, and he did not take a good class. We Purely from a private, for dedication and love for this industry, initially did not understand what responsibility is a favorite, and later turned into a work, work today rose to a social responsibility. Here is how to do this one to the stores, we work TTB National Palace Museum of Beijing, but also to achieve a market price.

Another piece of it is also an industry, a huge industry, and there are so a long history, just Peking University, Tsinghua teacher said China has a few things in the world than the Chinese so few things, I think the embroidery will be able to internationally comparable. How to embroidery brand internationalization, one to the stores to do an inside turn towards life, I also take this opportunity to appeal to cross-sectoral cooperation, pull up things inside their stores, resource integration, entrepreneurs intervention designer intervention. This one is focusing on industrial design, graphic design now we want to win with fewer, from tailoring, needle innovation. I am honored to have such a chance, thank you!

Qu Shengrui: Although our country attaches great importance to non-material cultural heritage protection work, but to master the funding is very poor, a representative of the national heritage to 10,000 dollars a year, to encourage them in passing. While I talked about Yao works of masters took how much time the transaction is over sixty-seven million, but to them the team to design development. Now the government with the support of her cover a five-kilometer silk museum. I think she was talking about just now, as we have to make the high-end work, to meet people’s needs, I think it is the issue of creativity, innovation and tradition can be no innovation there is no vitality. Including the tapestry of the brand, and of course there are others, including sculpture, jade, porcelain and so need to have more entrepreneurs support to Chinese traditional craftsmanship in our generation are effectively protected, effective heritage, effective development, to the world.

Moderator: In fact, the Financial Secretary and Ms. Yao two are constantly crying out mainly the lack of talent, there has been interrupted after the invasion. I still want to ask the teacher leaves, referring to the arts we are more metaphysical, how to fall metaphysical metaphysical things, how to make embroidery and tapestry such brand to attract to its peak and senior managers like Mr. bigger area management, you think this should be how to do the middle?

Ye Fang: China has a very interesting cultural identity, cultural identity, Chinese culture is particular about a device and channel, in China there is any substance in the ability and moral, that gives all objects have a moral, spiritual, moral philosophy . In ancient times in this culture is in fact weakening, today’s focus is put back in the cultural life of the Chinese people’s daily erected. In particular we have, for example, to tapestry and embroidery, the former monk pressure bottom of the girls there will be embroidered on the preservation of my house with my grandmother, my grandmother was bound feet, and later released after her feet are deformed, Now she learned calligraphy couplet I still have it. That not only is this technique previously to be respected, but was proud, as his wife said foreign school, you even this is not the case, it can not enter an educated family symbol. Meanwhile at home, said bottomed girls always have a bottom pressure dowry, embroidery Ye Hao, Ye Hao tapestry are essential. At the same time we say that there is a carry ritual that were ancestors of a culture, in this process, we have a couplet, these are very grand embroidery or tapestry product appears when. Embroidery Ye Hao, Ye Hao tapestry at that time not only represents wealth, represent the most noble respect, the most solemn respect, the most superficial respect. We went to religious occasions, whether Confucianism, or channel, or the Buddha, we must work with the most beseeching to express. That is today if we can have in life there is this ethical and moral values, then its use itself has been greatly change their attitudes. While actually includes those practitioners, saying he would find that now we want is a high-end boutique, in addition to a common endpoint, there will be conflicts, today’s electronic has been very well developed, embroidery has been very well developed, many laymen do not see what is embroidery, what is hand-embroidered, in addition to a very nice double-sided embroidery must be on hand. Now many costumes are embroidery, much worse, but we did not use a good idea to treat the concept, it is a product, a profitable formality. So if it may be a simple household embroidery can be done, but if that is an appreciation of the arts, like works of art, as mentioned earlier has been auctioned to such a high value, it is an art re-creation. That re-take the artist’s work through the creation of embroidery artists formed a new work, and that concept is really not the same. Meanwhile in our culture is not there a manual for the respect, it becomes very important, because we have a lot of embroidery. So we are looking for embroidery and hand-embroidered in the process considered only wealth and prices behind it may not take into account that there is a pious respect.

I am talking about a small example, in China’s southwest is down the Mekong River, the Greater Mekong connected in many Southeast Asian countries, these countries have a lot of handwork, and today a lot of foreigners, and even Chinese people themselves are looking once ran along those Southeast Asian countries the heritage of the past with the Greater Mekong hand, but they spread a habit is less common today, is a bamboo workshop do business is very good, but they are only one boss works annually, is the most delicate, the most solemn products, they are donated to the temple.